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Using of organism Eisenia foetida in ecotoxicity tests
Modlitbová, Pavlína ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Pesticide products used for plant protection are one of the chemicals that are intentionally brought into the environment. In Czech Republic there are legally used only those pesticide products, which are registered by SRS (State Phytosanitary Administration). For registration of these products there is required in addition to assessing the likely negative effects on human and animal health, also information whether the pesticide products negatively not affect the environment, in particular avoiding the contamination of aqua system or not effect the non target organisms. This master's thesis discuss the use of organism Eisenia foetida (redworm) in the contact ecotoxicity tests by testing pesticide products. There were selected such pesticide products where there are not solid information about their impact on non-target soil organism (Eisenia foetida) and based on literature research was chosen ecotoxicity test by OECD 207 method, the acute toxicity test which is in place for 14 days. Two pesticide products Topsin M 500 SC (active ingredient thiophanate-methyl) and Perfekthion (active ingredient dimethoate) were tested. Ecotoxicological values were calculated and ecotoxicity of such peticide products for soil organism were avaulated.
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Removal of metabolites of pesticides from groundwater during treatment for drinking water
Vaněk, Michal ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Král,, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the efficiency of pesticide metabolite removal at a water treatment plant. In the introduction, a research on the issue of pesticide substances in raw water, their removal during the treatment to drinking water and the basic classification of pesticides is made. The thesis includes an introduction to the issues at a specific water treatment plant, technological changes at the water treatment plant, tabulated and graphically processed measured values of pesticide metabolites in groundwater source and drinking water. In the conclusion of the thesis, individual pesticide metabolites are discussed, their sorption on granular activated carbon is assessed and conclusions are drawn.
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Multiresidual methods for the determination of pesticides in waters
Matušková, Monika ; Kubíčková, Kristýna (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor´s work of theoretical character deals with multiresidual determination of pesticides in water. It is especially focused on pesticides generating residues in surface water, which - due to their toxicity and persistence in environment - require goal-directed monitoring. The division of pesticides is stated, and their properties, toxicity and elimination process are described in the work. Furthermore, possibilities of analytical determination, especially the methods of gas and liquid chromatography are introduced here. In the last chapter, the complete analytic procedure for determination of organochlorine pesticides is described.
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Monitoring of pesticides in source of water treatment Hrdibořice and possibility of their removal
Bouchalová, Zuzana ; Svoboda,, Miroslav (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The thesis discusses possible ways to reduce or completely eliminate pesticide compounds from drinking water that are produced at a water treatment plant Hrdibořice. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part lists kinds of pesticides that occur in water, how they are reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, this section describes the existing water treatment technologies at the Central Committee Hrdibořice, including water sources. In the practical part, pilot tests on two types of filters models with filtering bed of granular activated carbon (hereinafter GAU) were carried out. On the basis of information obtained from the literature and on findings from the pilot tests, designs of technological equipment for pesticide removal from drinking water at water treatment Hrdiborice were carried out. Next, cost estimates for the proposed variant solutions including operating costs were suggested.
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Evaluation of effectiveness removing pesticides of reconstructed water treatment plant
Kovačíková, Kristýna ; Šubrt, Michal (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with assessing of effectiveness removing pecticides of reconstructed water treatment plant. In the introduction ismade a short research focused on pesticides, their getting into sources of drinking water and possibilities their removing by water supply processes. As part of this work are assessed effectiveness of this processes for removing pesticidal substances on specific water treatment plant and its sources of drinking water. Is made description of technology water treatment plant before and after the reconstruction, measured data of concetration pesticides in the sources and in the output from water treatment plant is processed to the tables and to the graphs. In conclusion are assessed effectiveness of the new technology for removing selected pesticidal substances and their metabolites.
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Multirezidual analysis of selected pesticides in barley
Ehrenbergerová, Martina ; Duroňová, Kateřina (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
Barley is one of the economically important crops. Its production is primarilly used as fodder barley and also in brewery and food industry. Particularly the part of its production intended for malt production must be of high quality. There are some important factors which can influence the quality of the crops, such as harmful organisms – diseases, pests and weed. In order to regulate the occurence of harmful organisms, agricultural measures are taken in the integrated protection system and resistant variants and pesticides are used. The higher the demand on the production quality, the bigger is the volume and the spectrum of pesticides used. The increasing extent of pesticide use also poses a risk for internal production quality and the environment. This fact makes it necessary to monitor unfavourable influences, including the contents of the pesticide residues in barley. This work studies the possibility of multiresidual determination of some selected pesticides in malting barley.
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The application of pollen as bioindicator of the environmental state
Marečková, Kateřina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Pesticides and their excessive use lead to environmental pollution. Violation of the guidelines for their use disposal of empty containers could lead to contamination of water, soil and poisoning of animals and beneficial insects. Honey bee is useful creature on our planet. Good farming depends entirely on the pollination, but whole vegetal kingdom couldn’t exist it form known and used by mankind. Therefore, rules that protect these useful creatures against inadequate use of pesticides have been developed. This study focuses on the evaluation of the possibility to use bee products as bioindicators of the state of environment. Five active substances which are components of pesticides used in the treatment of agricultural field around Tasovice village were analysed in the pollen and honey. For sample preparation QuEChERS and SPE methods were used, gas chromatography with to mass spectrometric detection was employed as final analytical technique.
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Micropollutants in water resources and ways of their elimination
Lukášová, Daniela ; Látal,, Milan (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with micro-fuels in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. In the thesis mainly pesticides and pharmaceuticals are described. The reader is first introduced to the most common pesticides occurring in water and their consumption. Drugs are described in a similar context. In addition, there are practical studies on the occurrence, degradation and removal of micro-pollutants from water. The final thesis is a laboratory experiment dealing with the removal of salicylic acid from water by filtration through the filtration material Bayoxide E33 and activated carbon. The thesis describes the procedure and results of the experiment.
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83/5000 Removal of pesticides from drinking water using different types of activated carbon
Lahodný, David ; Svoboda,, Miroslav (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis deals with the effectiveness of selected types of activated carbon for the removal of pesticide substances from drinking water. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The first part focuses on pesticides and activated carbon. For pesticides, their nature, distribution, occurrence and possible removal are described. Activated carbon is divided according to type, production and reactivation, the process of adsorption and also the main parameters of activated carbon are described. The second part is focused on laboratory experiment of pesticide removal from model waters. There are characterized the tested types of activated carbon, described the laboratory procedure and subsequent analysis of samples. In conclusion, the evaluation of individual types of activated carbon is evaluated with consideration to efficiency.
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The effect of pesticides on the grapevine microflora
Damborský, Pavel ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis of theoretical character contains information about an effect of pesticides on grapevine microflora. At the beginning there is a description of general pesticides characteristic, their classification, toxicity and a brief overview. Further it describes illnesses and pests that often attack grapevine. The next chapter deals with grapevine microflora. It defines morphology, taxonomy and reproduction of microorganisms most often occur on grapevine and during technological processing of wine. The last chapter is focused on effect of pesticides on microorganisms during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation.
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