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Prevention in the Civil Code
Prokeš, Martin ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Prevention in the Civil Code The topic of my thesis is prevention in the Civil Code. This thesis examines the definition of the concept of prevention within the Civil Code as a key aspect in the provision of general rules of mutual coexistence in our main legal code. Prevention is not only understood here as an effort to prevent illegal actions, but is extended to a broader concept of preventing damage or injury to the health and life of individuals in society, when its essence goes beyond the concept of law. The work reflects the development of the concept of prevention and its anchoring in the Civil Code, with an emphasis on various historical concepts and the development of legal regulations. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes various concepts of prevention mainly in a general sense, focusing on its importance in various fields, including medicine, social sciences and criminology. The content of other types of prevention such as primary and secondary or general and specific is also defined here. The second chapter is devoted to a brief summary of the development of the Civil Code as a legal code, with an emphasis on its development in Roman society, the Middle Ages and modern times. This part of the work also traces the transformation of the prevention institute itself in these individual...
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Implementation of the human rights-based approach in development cooperation by Czech non-governmental non-profit organizations
Stehlíková, Magda ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (advisor) ; Košák Felcmanová, Alena (referee)
This thesis seeks to describe the development and theoretical anchoring of the concept of the human rights-based approach (HRBA) in the context of development cooperation and to examine how it is taken into account by Czech NGOs. The theoretical part focuses in particular on the still controversial issues related to the universalism and cultural relativism of human rights, as well as their mostly individualistic nature. Then, the gradual penetration of human rights into international development discourse and the role and specifics of development NGOs are described in more detail. The thesis presents theoretical insights and concrete examples of the application of the human rights-based approach by NGOs. Critical perspectives and problematic implications associated with its application by NGOs are also discussed. In the Czech environment, the implementation of the HRBA is examined through a case study of two prominent NGOs.
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Autonomous Vehicles Liability Insurance
Hořavová, Maria ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Tuláček, Michal (referee)
Autonomous Vehicles Liability Insurance Abstract The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of autonomous vehicles and its liability insurance as it is a very current topic, as evidenced by extensive discussions across the professional and lay public. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the currently existing legal framework at national, EU and international level and to clarify whether the current legal framework is sufficient for the operation of autonomous vehicles. The liability insurance system itself and the principles of its operation are also analysed with regard to their suitability for autonomous transportation. Where deficiencies are identified, de lege ferenda considerations are outlined, and expected changes as well as appropriate solutions are identified. In addition, the diploma thesis provides a meaningful introduction to the principles of autonomous vehicles and discusses other areas closely related to liability insurance for damage caused by the operation of autonomous vehicles. The diploma thesis is divided into five separate chapters. These chapters are structured in such a way that the reader first gains an understanding of the topic and becomes familiar with the complex system of autonomous vehicles. In the first chapter, the reader is introduced to the concept of an autonomous...
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Prevention in the Civil Code
Prokeš, Martin ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Prevention in the Civil Code The topic of my thesis is prevention in the Civil Code. This thesis examines the definition of the concept of prevention within the Civil Code as a key aspect in the provision of general rules of mutual coexistence in our main legal code. Prevention is not only understood here as an effort to prevent illegal actions, but is extended to a broader concept of preventing damage or injury to the health and life of individuals in society, when its essence goes beyond the concept of law. The work reflects the development of the concept of prevention and its anchoring in the Civil Code, with an emphasis on various historical concepts and the development of legal regulations. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes various concepts of prevention mainly in a general sense, focusing on its importance in various fields, including medicine, social sciences and criminology. The content of other types of prevention such as primary and secondary or general and specific is also defined here. The second chapter is devoted to a brief summary of the development of the Civil Code as a legal code, with an emphasis on its development in Roman society, the Middle Ages and modern times. This part of the work also traces the transformation of the prevention institute itself in these individual...
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Indemnification of claims of injured persons resulting from the insurance of liability for damage caused by operation of a vehicle
Suchá, Veronika ; Karfíková, Marie (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
The thesis deals with indemnification of claims of injured persons resulting from the insurance of liability for injury caused by operation of a vehicle and especially with individual claims of injured persons resulting from the insurance of liability for injury caused by operation of a vehicle, where it endeavours to compare legal regulation effective until 31th December 2013 with the legal regulation effective as of 1st January 2014 and it highlight the most important impacts of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code, in the area of indemnification of claims of injured persons originating due to infliction of physical injury or death. It is a very current topic considering the number of traffic accidents and due to the fact, that this is an issue was affected by the re-codification of the civil law. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter one discusses development of legal regulation of the insurance of liability for injury caused by operation of a vehicle in the territory of the Czech Republic. Chapter two defines the basic terms and legal institutes related to indemnification of claims of injured persons resulting from the insurance of liability for injury caused by operation of a vehicle, which are: operation, operator, insurer, the policy holder, insured and injured person, damage and...
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The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era
Jirgl, Sebastian ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor)
The dissertation The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era discusses the phenomenon of responsibility in the context of the postmodern era. The issue of responsibility is viewed here primarily from a philosophical point of view. At the same time, the dissertation attempts a partial thematic overlap, in connection with the meaning of the selected concept of responsibility, within the ethics and particularly even other related social science disciplines. In the beginning, the basic problematics is set here. This discusses the etymological point of view and responsibility is subsequently given here in the connection of the context of terms such as freedom, response or ambiguity. Furthermore, the basic relationship is presented, in the context of the phenomenon of responsibility, and responsibility is also here confronted with the present. Subsequently, the approaches and theses of an important author of the 20th century, who systematically dealt with the phenomenon of responsibility, the French author Emmanuel Levinas, are particularly emphasized. The main thesis here can be characterized as an attempt to interpret and process the concept of responsibility, especially within the context of philosophical discourse. This is done mainly against the background of the thinking of Emmanuel...
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The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era
Jirgl, Sebastian ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Svobodová, Zuzana (referee)
The dissertation The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era discusses the phenomenon of responsibility in the context of the postmodern era. The issue of responsibility is viewed here primarily from a philosophical point of view. At the same time, the dissertation attempts a partial thematic overlap, in connection with the meaning of the selected concept of responsibility, within the ethics and particularly even other related social science disciplines. In the beginning, the basic problematics is set here. This discusses the etymological point of view and responsibility is subsequently given here in the connection of the context of terms such as freedom, response or ambiguity. Furthermore, the basic relationship is presented, in the context of the phenomenon of responsibility, and responsibility is also here confronted with the present. Subsequently, the approaches and theses of an important author of the 20th century, who systematically dealt with the phenomenon of responsibility, the French author Emmanuel Levinas, are particularly emphasized. The main thesis here can be characterized as an attempt to interpret and process the concept of responsibility, especially within the context of philosophical discourse. This is done mainly against the background of the thinking of Emmanuel...
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Civil Applications of Autonomous Systems: Implications for the Military Sector
Fortunati, Lorenza ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (advisor) ; Nikolić, Luka (referee)
This thesis aims to examine the growing development of autonomous systems from a civilian and military perspective. The literature analysis has shown that in the military sector there is much access to an interactional-scientific and literary debate, especially on the growing possibility of autonomous weapons development. On the other hand, however, the civilian sector is increasingly advancing the development of autonomous systems. Many of these are already being applied in civilian society: from self-driving cars to medical equipment. Nonetheless, the study showed that although these sectors are going at different speeds, the risks and challenges related to the topic of autonomous machines are very similar, especially with regard to the concept of responsibility and human-machine nexus. For this reason, this thesis aims to analyze the civilian experience in the field of autonomy to determine whether there might be any transferable lessons from the civilian to the military world for the future development of autonomous weapons. After a thorough analysis of the aircraft crashes involving the Boeing 737 MAX and the accidents caused by the self-driving cars, this thesis concludes that the best way to address the ethical and moral challenges of autonomous weapons is to develop and design such systems...
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