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Diabetes mellitus and breast cancer screening in Czechia in the context of socio-economic factors
Vrchlavská, Eliška ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Brož, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the relationship of diabetes mellitus and participation in mammography screening in women in the Czechia under the influence of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors, and it is based on the assumption that women with diabetes mellitus participate in secondary prevention of breast cancer less frequently than women without diabetes. Logistic regression analysis methods were used to assess the relationship between participation in mammography screening and diabetes, age, SES (education, household income) and lifestyle (obesity, smoking, alcohol) using European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) data from 2019. The link between SES and lifestyle is assessed for women with diabetes, as well as for women without the diagnosis. The results of this study do not show a statistically significant relationship between diabetes and participation in mammography screening, however, do demonstrate a socioeconomic gradient in participation in screening, both in the diabetes-free and diabetic populations. At the same time, they demonstrate an increased probability of participating in screening for occasional alcohol consumers. Key words: diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, mammography, EHIS, socioeconomic status
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The role of a radiology assistant during a vacuum biopsy
BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Anna
In the Czech Republic, several screening programs are carried out. Mammography screening is a program that has the longest history in the Czech Republic and boasts very good results. The goal of this screening is to find a tumor in the breast that is still intangible and is only a few millimeters in size, and thus to provide the woman with ideal treatment results. The basic method of investigation that is used is mammography screening, after scanning, in case of a questionable finding, it is performed for subsequent examination of the breast by sonography, images with spot compression, CORE-CUT biopsy, vacuum biopsy and very occasionally, if indicated, magnetic resonance imaging. Vacuum biopsy (SVAB) is a breakthrough in the diagnosis of breast tumors. The goal of my bachelor thesis was to find out how often a breast examination is performed using a vacuum biopsy. The bachelor thesis is focused on the role of a radiological assistant in vacuum biopsy. The aim was also to find out the age structure of women and the correlation between malignant and benign findings. For age structures, the goal was also to determine by nonparametric testing the existence of a link to normal distribution. Operationalized hypotheses were formulated to meet the test and correlation objectives. For the bachelor thesis, the data was obtained from the central Medicalc archiving system at the EUC clinic in České Budějovice. Since this method is carried out at the EUC clinic for a short time, the data for the bachelor's thesis was drawn in the range of 2020-2021. By analyzing the data, it was found out that stereotactic vacuum biopsy (SVAB) was performed a total of 118 times during the above-mentioned period. The results showed that the examination of the breast by vacuum biopsy has clear indications. Mostly it is carried out to verify the formed calcifications in the breast, whether these calcifications have a benign origin, or are the beginning of an emerging malignant process. Further, the SVAB is performed to verify lesions that are visible on mammography images and do not have a clear ultrasound colerat, and thus it is impossible to perform a classical CORE-CUT biopsy.
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Mammary diagnostics - attitude and awareness of women
HRBKOVÁ, Jana
Over 7000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year, which makes it the most common malignant disease in women in the Czech republic. Despite its constantly increasing incidence, mortality rates are stagnating and recently these rates even have tended to decrease slightly. The most common methods used for breast examination are mammography and ultrasonography. Nationwide breast cancer screening programme was launched in the Czech republic in 2002. This screening helps to detect cancer at an early stage. Mammography screening is covered by public health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once per two years. Breast self-exam is also a big part of secondary prevention. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to analyze breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic awareness of women over the age of 18. In order to collect necessary data for my thesis a questionnaire survey was conducted. The electronic survey, which I created on website www.vyplnto.cz, was filled in by 533 female respondents. All the results of the survey were displayed in pie charts. Questions no. 10-23, which were focused on awareness, were also displayed in bar charts. These bar charts show the percentage of correct answers by age category. Thanks to the data from the survey I was able to answer research questions. In the first research question, I asked which age group has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic; in the second research question, I wanted to know if more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination. I evaluated that the oldest age group, i.e. respondents over the age of 65, has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic. The survey also revealed that more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination.
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Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries
Rathouská, Michaela ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries Malignant neoplasms are in most European countries the second most common cause of death. The aim of this work is to describe the evolution of mortality of women which is caused by breast cancer. It describes this evolution in the years of 1980-2007 in the Czech Republic, Great Britain and Sweden. Development of mortality is set into the broader connections with a mortality rate of more frequent causes of death and certain other neoplasms in women. Work analyzes mortality by age, the incidence, and it also shows screening programs and international comparisons. Part of this work also deals with risk factors, prevention and treatment options. In all analyzed countries in analyzed period there have been decline of mortality from neoplasm, while the incidence increased. There was a shift of mortality to higher age , particularly in relation to improving health care and its increasing availability. The incidence was observed moving from the oldest to the younger age group, especially in due to introduction of the national mammography screening.
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Molecular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ, and their clinical impact
Böhm, Jan ; Zikán, Michal (advisor) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee) ; Strnad, Pavel (referee)
Objectives: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive lesion of an increasing clinical importance. Individual risk assessment is essential for an optimal treatment. Our objective was to identify clinical and molecular characteristics of a subgroup of DCIS with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: In a population study, we analyzed women with DCIS diagnosed within one mammography screening unit. In the experimental part of this work, we conducted a comparative analysis of five biological markers in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer by means of gene expression analysis and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: We demonstrated a high proportion of pure (no invasive component) DCIS (14.41%) of all breast lesions described as malignant. In our sample, we saw a homogeneous distribution of risk factors without noting a clear pattern identifying high-risk subtypes. We noted significant differences in clinical management of tumors with similar characteristics, which demonstrates the present state of limited use of clinical predictors. In the laboratory experiment, we showed differences in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between DCIS and invasive breast cancer for BRCA1 (8.69% vs. 44.74%) and BRCA2 (9.52% vs. 45.0%). In contrast, we did not find any differences for p53 (31.82%...
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Economic effects of the health promotion at the example of mammographic screening examination introduced in Czech republic in 2002
Fabová, Lucia ; Bartůsková, Lucia (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The topic of health is currently very up-to-date and the need for population health promotion and disease prevention is becoming increasingly important. The consequences of neglecting prevention and health promotion on the state's economy are clear, whether it is about increasing public spendings on health care or indirect effects on the level of human capital. The aim of this work is to analyze health promotion in the Czech Republic with a focus on mammographic screening programme introduced in 2002. The study demonstrates a decrease in breast cancer mortality following the screening examination and an increase in the number of tumor findings in earlier stages of the disease. It also analyzes the effect on costs of health care and the impact of screening on them. It also proposes to extend preventive screening examinations to other areas where their implementation could be useful in the future.
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Molecular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ, and their clinical impact
Böhm, Jan ; Zikán, Michal (advisor) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee) ; Strnad, Pavel (referee)
Objectives: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive lesion of an increasing clinical importance. Individual risk assessment is essential for an optimal treatment. Our objective was to identify clinical and molecular characteristics of a subgroup of DCIS with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: In a population study, we analyzed women with DCIS diagnosed within one mammography screening unit. In the experimental part of this work, we conducted a comparative analysis of five biological markers in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer by means of gene expression analysis and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: We demonstrated a high proportion of pure (no invasive component) DCIS (14.41%) of all breast lesions described as malignant. In our sample, we saw a homogeneous distribution of risk factors without noting a clear pattern identifying high-risk subtypes. We noted significant differences in clinical management of tumors with similar characteristics, which demonstrates the present state of limited use of clinical predictors. In the laboratory experiment, we showed differences in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between DCIS and invasive breast cancer for BRCA1 (8.69% vs. 44.74%) and BRCA2 (9.52% vs. 45.0%). In contrast, we did not find any differences for p53 (31.82%...
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Breast cancer prevention.
Svobodová, Karolína ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Strnadová, Alice (referee)
The theme of this thesis is Breast cancer prevention, specifically focusing on breast self- examination. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with breast anatomy, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. A substantial part of the thesis is concerned with prevention, which introduces women with breast self- examination in the next chapter. The empirical part is implemented by means of a questionnaire survey. Group of respondents consisted of 92 women. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether women are aware of breast self-examination methodology, whether they perform self- examination or not. And if they do not, then what is the reason. Finally, the thesis find out where women got information about metodology of breast self-examination from. Importance of the thesis lies in obtaining information about breast cancer flexible and promotion of knowledge of prevention. First of all it should motivate women to take care of themselves.
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Level of prevention tumors in breasts in the Strakonice region
NEDVĚDOVÁ, Jana
The number of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer is about seven thousand annually, which means slightly increased incidence. The causes of this disease are not quite clear. What is known, however, are the risk factors. Primary prevention focuses mainly on the suppression or elimination of risk factors. Secondary prevention aims at diagnosing the cancer at an early clinical stage, which enables more efficient treatment. The first preventive mammographic screening was introduced in the Czech Republic in 2002. It is a preventive examination of mammary glands by means of Mammogram, which is covered by health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once in two years. The survey on the level of prevention of breast cancer in the region of Strakonice was conducted by means of a questionnaire which was distributed among the patients of general practitioners in the selected towns and districts. The objective of the paper was to find out whether the women in the Strakonice region are informed of the risk factors of the disease. Another topic addressed was the breast self-examination. Women under 45 depend purely on it, as they are not entitled to free screening covered by health insurance. Women have been found to carry out breast self-examination quite rarely, and therefore, it would be beneficial to familiarize these women with the self-examination technique via general practitioners, gynecologists, or through the media. Self-examination should be commonly conducted by every woman over 20. Another goal of the paper was to find out what experience women had with imaging screening technologies in mammography, especially whether women over 45 undergo regular preventive mammographic screening. Also, how accessible such an examination is in the Strakonice region. At present, there are only three mammography centers in the South Bohemia region, none of which is in Strakonice. It was found that 82% of respondents over 45 take part in the screening program, and 78% of them would appreciate if a mammography center were established in Strakonice.
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Activities of NGOs in the Care of Patients Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
Pecháčková, Tereza ; Křížová, Eva (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (referee)
This dissertation is focused on medical care field, introduces common issues of oncology illnesses. Presents the system and particularity of women's breast cancer care and looks into patient's rights and importace of foreknowledge. Also presents activities of non-state nonprofit organization focused on this sphere. The aim of this dissertation is to map involved organizations and analysis of their work. Investigates foreknowledge of patients about knowing of them and also finds topics of their intersect. Key words oncology diagnosis, breast cancer, patients organizations, prevention, second opinion, health service, non-profit non-govermental organizations, information asymmetry, mammography screening, informační asymetrie, mamografický screening
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