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The formation and maintenance of odd ploidy level cytotypes in the heteroploid system and their contribution to the heteroploid gene flow in invasive perennial species
Dýbová, Markéta ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Šrámková, Gabriela (referee)
Polyploidy is one of the crucial evolutionary factors in the evolution of vascular plants. Polyploid cytotypes are mostly reproductively isolated from their diploid counterparts; however, there exists the possibility of gene exchange between different ploidies/species via heteroploid geneflow. The heteroploid gene exchange might be mediated through the odd and aneuploid cytotypes, which evolved via hybridisation but also de novo via the fusion of reduced and unreduced gametes. The primary focus of the thesis will be to review knowledge about the formation of odd cytotypes in heteroploid systems and evaluate their contribution to gene exchange between given ploidies. The particular focus will be on gene flow between higher ploidy levels in perennial invasive species complexes. Attention will also be paid to mechanisms enabling their maintenance in the population and the consequence of their long term persistence on between ploidy (species) hybridisation on their invasive potential. Key words: odd ploidy level, invasive plants, hybridization, life strategy
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Phylogeny of parasitic wasps of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies
Janšta, Petr ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee) ; Melika, George (referee)
The thesis is focused on phylogeny of the family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies. The study consists of general introduction to the phylogeny and classification of the family Torymidae chapter, four published papers in international journals and one manuscript prepared for submission. Firstly, our aim was to figure out the phylogenetic position of Torymidae as well as the position of other chalcidoid families inside superfamily Chalcidoidea (paper I and II). The supermatrix of sequencies of two ribosomal genes (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) were developed for 649 species of chalcidoid taxa. However, family Torymidae was considered as polyphyletic group with the subfamily Megastigminae unrelated to the subfamily Toryminae (paper I). Monophyly of Torymidae was corroborated in another study (paper II) focused on molecular and morphological characters. We used a web-based, systematics workbench mx database for scoring 233 characters of 300 members of all chalcidoid families. Contrary to our previous only DNA-based study, we revealed also potential sister relationships of Torymidae with Ormyridae+Colotrechninae or Cerocephalinae+Diparinae respectively. Other paper (paper V) was focused on detailed study of Torymidae phylogeny. A total of 5 genes (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA,...
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And is sentenced to…: Personal strategies of political prisoners for returning to society after termination of imprisonment in terms of social and legislative organization of 1950s and 1960s.
Pospíšilová, Anna ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Wohlmuth Markupová, Jana (referee)
1z1 Abstract: In this thesis, on selected examples of everyday life, I deal with the issue of reso- cialization of former political prisoners from the 1950s after their return from prison. On selected biographical narratives, I point to personal ways of reintegra- tion into society, whose main ideology was the cause of their persecution. From their memories I choose the basic sphereas of life such as family, personal and social life, employment and the issue of rehabilitation not only at the personal but also at the social level. A special chapter is also devoted to the descendants of former political prisoners, whose memories illustrate the view of everyday life after their imprisonment and the subsequent return of their parents and thus re- veal the real impact of persecution activities of the communist regime in Czecho- slovakia.
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Phylogeny of parasitic wasps of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies
Janšta, Petr ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee) ; Melika, George (referee)
The thesis is focused on phylogeny of the family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies. The study consists of general introduction to the phylogeny and classification of the family Torymidae chapter, four published papers in international journals and one manuscript prepared for submission. Firstly, our aim was to figure out the phylogenetic position of Torymidae as well as the position of other chalcidoid families inside superfamily Chalcidoidea (paper I and II). The supermatrix of sequencies of two ribosomal genes (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) were developed for 649 species of chalcidoid taxa. However, family Torymidae was considered as polyphyletic group with the subfamily Megastigminae unrelated to the subfamily Toryminae (paper I). Monophyly of Torymidae was corroborated in another study (paper II) focused on molecular and morphological characters. We used a web-based, systematics workbench mx database for scoring 233 characters of 300 members of all chalcidoid families. Contrary to our previous only DNA-based study, we revealed also potential sister relationships of Torymidae with Ormyridae+Colotrechninae or Cerocephalinae+Diparinae respectively. Other paper (paper V) was focused on detailed study of Torymidae phylogeny. A total of 5 genes (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA,...
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How to Survive on the Street - Life Strategy of the St Paul´s House Occupants
KAISERŠOT, František
My thesis named {\clqq}How to survive on the street {--} life strategy of the St Paul´s House occupants`` is devided into two parts, namely into a practical and a theoretical part. In the theoretical part I am concerned with defining of the notion displaced person. The St Paul´s House occupants are mostly individuals in an oppressive social situaton who have lost their homes or lodging. The following chapters map out the life-strategy reasons of the individuals without home, touch the source of origin of the fastidious situation and of the connected mechanism used by the individuals on the streets for surpassing or lessening the impacts of their actual situation. In the practical part I am dealing with description of particular services in the St Paul´s House and with the characteristics of its occupants. The St Paul´s House is a non-state unprofitable organization, which goal is to provide the social services for the individuals in anoppressive situaton, namely to the individuals without home or shelter. As a constituent of the practical part there is a research. It deals with the problems of employment of the St Paul´s House occupants, namely with the variety of the job chosen by the occupants. The problems the St Paul´s House occupants have to encounter are frequently very complicated, the occupant is supported to a self-dependent solution and the result is closely associated with the steps which the individual performs for his survival.
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