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Civilian Nuclear Energy Adoption in Sub Saharan Africa: A Human Security-Based Thematic Analysis of the Discourse on Nuclear Power Production adoption in Ghana
Mwenda, Lewis Kimathi ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Schlotti, Jivanta (referee) ; Berg, Julie (referee)
[Civilian Nuclear Energy Adoption in Sub Saharan Africa: A Human Security-based Thematic Analysis of the Discourse on Nuclear Power Production adoption in Ghana] ABSTRACT This research paper will explore the different theoretical frameworks gathered from different academic backgrounds that guide and explain the role, function and impact of technological advancement, energy security and nuclear power production. It will note the significance of the 'public sphere' and discourse therein which signifies an energy transition. Further, it will propose a security based theoretical framework as an a priori basis for a thematic analysis of the discourse of nuclear power production adoption in Ghana. It addresses the general question of technological innovation and its relation to society beginning with a traditional view of technological determinism, social determinism and a more complex understanding of socio-energy systems. The paper takes a nod to the complex relational aspects in the technology lifecycle from inception to implementation. It contends that energy transitions therefore require apt participation from all corners of society and ought not to be treated as policy 'black-box, but a process that can be opened up for scrutiny by the public. Moreover, the presentation of these ideas proposes that civilian...
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Coca eradication programs and environmental detriment in Colombia
Bregante, Camilla ; Březinová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Camilla Bregante Coca eradication programs and environmental detriment in Colombia Abstract Conceived as U.S. assistance to Bogotá in combating Colombian drug cartels, Plan Colombia imposed the eradication of coca plants mainly through the fumigation with glyphosate. In the accusations against the Plan, human health issues largely surpassed discourses over environmental preservation. This thesis argued that the protection of biodiversity-rich Colombian ecosystems should be prioritized, hypothesizing harmful effects of Plan's implementation on flora and fauna. Building on the securitization theory, Colombian environmental detriment was proved to constitute a security issue. First, indeed, critical review of main toxicologists' studies on the matter revealed that the mixture used in fumigations deeply affects the ecosystems. Notably, a case study on Putumayo department emphasized damages on non-target vegetation and animals, which reduced to poverty the locals. Secondly, elaborating the data collected by the Integrated Illicit Crops Monitoring System (SIMCI) between 2001 and 2015, a comparative analysis between Putumayo and the Pacific region detected major crops displacement along the years, and, therefore, more and more forests cleared to grow coca. Finally, the last chapter described how, in the same...
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A comparative study of Norway and Scotland's effort to address and counter the threat of organized crime in a globalized world
Ramberg, Marte Skaatan ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Špelda, Petr (referee)
A comparative study of Norway and Scotland's effort to address and counter the threat of organized crime in a globalized world. Marte Skaatan Ramberg The concept of organized crime is a rather "fussy", with over two hundred definitions to its name. This master thesis aims to debate the concept of organized crime and utilizing the concept for an investigating look at Norway and Scotland`s effort to cut and combat the effect of organized crime. Whilst tackling the ambiguity of organized crime the thesis also share some light on the security aspect of organized crime for the state and for the individual, using the framework of human security and traditional state-centric approach when evaluating the impact of organized crime. Different polices and laws shared between Norway and Scotland along with their objectives is also discussed all centered around the research questions - How does Norway approach and counter the threat of organized crime compared to Scotland? - What are the successes and failures with these strategies?
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The American Racial Reality: The Nexus between Critical Race Theory and International Security
Kuttu, Leah Gideon ; Vostal, Filip (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Human Security and Police Brutality via the Lens of Critical Race Theory Leah Gideon Kuttu 47472109 'Equality' and 'dignity of persons' are common language in the legal lingo on rights and freedoms of all men. However there seems to exist, a large magnitude in discrepancy with the actuality of these ideals in the way that all people are treated, particularly in this work, in the American society. The death of George Floyd was momentous in refocusing light on the issue of police brutality and seemingly, institutionalized racism in America. That one post showing how Floyd was killed by Police, showed just how much Black America was treated in contrast to the stipulated rights for all persons noted in America's legal apparatus. There began for international security a marked turning point in the pivot with the human being- as opposed to the state- becoming the core object for security and protection. This new turn is pointed to the 1990s in the aftermath of the Cold war. Human-centric occupations in security connote that threats to international security begin with the individual and so the individual must first be prioritized when assessing threats to security in the state and the international system. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR, 1948) is the foremost pillar on which human security is...
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Cybersecurity for Outer Space - A Transatlantic Study
Perrichon, Lisa ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Cyber attacks can target any nodes of the space infrastructure, and while these attacks are called non-violent, there is a credible capability to use cyber attacks to cause direct or indirect physical damage, injury or death. However, the vulnerability of satellites and other space assets to cyber attack is often overlooked, which is a significant failing given society's substantial and ever increasing reliance on satellite technologies. Through a policy analysis, this dissertation assess the set of political provisions provided by the European Union to address the cyber security issue of the space infrastructure. Such study aims at exploring the geopolitical consequences linked to space cyber security risks, and at assessing the political preparedness of the European Union to address these challenges. The perspective of transatlantic cooperation to further support both American and European effort to tackle this security risk is also addressed. The overarching value of the study is to contribute to future European cyber security for space and transatlantic debates by providing useful perspectives and key takeaways on these two domains. Ultimately, he existing set of policies are not sufficient to address the cyber security issue in Outer Space, a unified approach by the European Union and the United...
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Reconceptualizing Securitization Theory: A Case Study of the United Kingdom's Securitization of Libya in 2011
Voda, Matěj ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Váška, Jan (referee)
The first aim of this thesis is to describe the steps from the perspective of the United Kingdom, which led to the passing of the resolution 1973 and the subsequent military intervention in Libya in 2011. The theoretical framework is securitization theory. The second aim of this thesis is grounded in the theory and tries to highlight the importance of the concept of audience in the securitization framework. In order to achieve this goal, securitization theory is introduced; its limitations described and subsequently reconceptualized to better suit the research question. The theory is then applied on a case study of the securitizing discourse, preceding the intervention from 15th of February until 21st of March 2011. These events are described from the perspective of the United Kingdom, which together with the general overview corresponds with the hypothesis that the Cameron administration was a securitizing actor towards both national and international audience. Consequently, the analysis shows that the securitizing discourses differed based on the relevant audience. Although human security and democratic aspirations were the main referent objects in both discourses, protection of national security as a referent object was specific only to the national audience. In addition, Gaddafi regime was the...
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Predicting Conflicts via Maternal Mortality Rates? Human Security and the Emergence of Armed Conflict
Sommerová, Gabriela ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Bruner, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis provides a fact-based examination of the relevance of assumptions concerning the relationship of human insecurity and the emergence of conflict. This is done with a quantitative analysis of cross-country data on human insecurity and conflict during the period of 1990 - 2010. The approach of the thesis steps beyond the prevailing discussions on human security focused on normative judgements on the nature, legitimacy or applicability of the concept. Through a statistical analysis, it challenges the use of uncontested and ungraspable, yet influential, narratives of human security that result in implementation of inadequately informed programs and policies aimed at prevention of conflict by the international community and other actors. The analysis finds that a random set of indicators of human security, rather than human security as a concept, are related to conflict emergence. As a result, the thesis suggests surpassing the preoccupation with the use and application of the concept and instead accentuates inductive approach to formulating evidence-based conflict-prevention programs inspired by the ideas of human security rather than reasoned by the concept of human security. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The impact of US shale gas extraction on local dynamics between environmental- and economic- security frames
Burda, Ondřej ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This work focuses on situations where two different sectors of human security - economic and environmental - clash. It uses the currently popular topic of shale gas in the United States in order to determine what happens when such conflict occurs. It also tries to find out which sector potentially dominates in this conflict. The first part of the work defines the research questions, states my preliminary working thesis and discusses sources used. The theoretical background of the whole work is then outlined in the second part. Special attention is given to the concept of human security and the Copenhagen school, i.e. to elements that widened the traditional perception of security. The second part, however, is also engaged in the definition of the theoretical framework of given security sectors in the context of US shale gas. The third part is the core of the work's research. Here, various mini case studies within the United States and their economic and environmental variables are discussed. The aim is to find out what happened in specific cases when the clash of the two sectors occurred. The fourth part aims to outline the possible factors not mentioned in the third part, which, however, could still play a role in the shaping of the results. In the fifth section, there is a preliminary analysis of...
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Securitization of human security during the process of accepting the Responsibility to Protect doctrine
Kopečný, Tomáš ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
After the international community decided to response to the experiences of genocides and ethnic cleansing in Rwanda, former Yugoslavia or East Timor in the 1990s by putting forward human security protection in the form of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, it took another few years until the UN General Assembly officially accepted these principles in 2005. When compared to the initial proposal made by the ICISS in 2001, the UN World Summit Outcome document was much weaker in its demands. During the securitization process of human security, specific factors made these changes happen. The goal of this thesis is to answer the research question that is trying to explain this development: What factors caused the change of wording in the R2P concept in the 2005 document when compared to the original ICISS report? Theory of securitization was the main methodological tool based on which the thesis conducted the discourse analysis of speeches made by representatives of the permanent members of the UN Security Council. After analysing all the speeches related to R2P between December 2001 and September 2005, the thesis identified key discussion periods between the permanent members of the UN SC. Then it showed when and how did the countries articulate support for intervention at the expense of the...
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Modern Trends of Urban Development as a Significant Component of human-security policy in urban spaces of 21st Century
Masare, Vít ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this research paper is to answer the question: to what measure, from the perspective of the human security concept, do the progressive participatory- inclusive trends of urban development, built on the principle of organic thinking about city-society, represent a cheaper, efficient and long-term preventive strategies to counter violence and insecurity compared to rather traditional control-repressive reaction using security forces and whether they are universally applicable. The direction where the urban development agenda, eventually infrastructure building, will evolve has the capacity to influence everyday security and quality of life of more than half of the global population. No matter if and how the national armies are prepared, if and where can the state allocate basic energetic resources or how is the state ready to face eventual terrorist attack. Presented examples of a breakthrough transformation of society, physical environment and security n Bogotá under the mayors Mockus and Penalosa together with the transformation of development strategies of New York City based on the reflection of the globally growing discourse of the human scale urbanism and human security in cities under mayor Bloomberg both demonstrate that in efforts to increase the comprehensive quality of life and...
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