|
|
Biomolecular corona of Si and Au nanoparticles and its impact on interaction with cells
Javorová, Pavlína ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Biological response to presence of gold and silica nanoparticles is extensively researched area of science. However there is only limited knowledge and understanding of the effects of small and ultrasmall nanoparticles. Regarding the unique physical and chemical properties that originate from the small size have these nanoparticles ability to interact very specifically on molecular level with organisms. Once the particle enters the complex physiological environment of the body molecules (predominantly of protein character) adsorb on the surface and form a polymeric case called biomolecular corona. There is a presumption that the first contact of the nanoparticle with the cell is mediated through the molecules of this corona and are important in subsequent steps of interactions of nanoparticle-biocorona complex. Therefore the genesis and structure of biocorona is as essential as the structre of the nanoparticle itself. Nanoparticles enter and are internalized within the cell and cellular compartments through the same mechanisms like naturally occurring molecules and substances. There are slightly different patterns of behavior of small and ultrasmall nanoparticles that are not fully researched and understood. Response of mamallian cells to the presence of the ultrasmall nanoparticles is very...
|
|
| |
|
|
Mechanisms of the cell migration in the early embryonic development of vertebrates
Kováčiková, Petra ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
Cell migration, usually seen as a relatively well understood phenomenon, is involved in many aspects of multicellular organisms. While given a major attention due to its part in physiological processes, such as immune response, wound-healing and regeneration, or pathologies like progression of metastatic cancers, its key role in the body plan formation is far less understood and often overlooked. During a process called gastrulation, precursors of three germ layers - superficial ectoderm, inner endoderm and medial mesoderm - are arranged according to their fate, generating a three-layered embryo, a hallmark of triblastic vertebrates. The onset of this highly coordinated step of early embryonic development is accompanied by fine-tuned cell migration, which needs to be downregulated in adults in order to maintain a homeostasis. The cells forming gastrulating embryos collectively undergo a set of behaviors termed morphogenetic movements whose features - partially comparable to ones observed on cells migrating in culture - are shared among vertebrate species, providing valuable insights into "hidden homology" and phylogenetic relationships. Research focusing on regulation and mechanisms of morphogenesis is mostly conducted using Xenopus laevis as a model organism, extrapolating results to higher...
|
|
|
Effect of inhaled IgY and Fab fragments on the lung inflammation
Majerová, Barbora ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Koblas, Tomáš (referee)
Human respiratory system is in constant contact with heterogeneous environmental agents, which can possibly become initiators of inflammatory responses. Mechanical barriers and balance between the innate and adaptive immunity provide protection from external agents without initiation of any inflammatory response. Under certain circumstances, overreaction of the immune system might occur and leads to the production of various inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α and GM-CSF factors or interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6. Respiratory system of the human suffering from cystic fibrosis is unable to defend against bacterial infections effectively. Chicken egg immunoglobulins (IgY) could eventually become a suitable tool for the protection from opportunistic pathogens, because they, when bound to antigen, don't activate the complement cascade. One method of determining the immunogenicity of the studied agent is the exposure of experimental animal and further measurement of inflammatory cytokine concentration. In this thesis, the potential inflammatory effect of IgY, IgY-derived Fab fragments and ovalbumin was determined after an exposure of Wistar rats by long-term inhalation. Correct implementation of inhalation experiment was confirmed via production of specific antibodies against the inhaled...
|
|
|
Solar Energy Applications in Houses
Jankůj, Tomáš ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Poláčik, Ján (advisor)
This thesis is focused on photovoltaics and photothermics. Their source is solar radiation that belongs to the category of renewable sources. At present, great emphasis is placed on ecology and economics. For this reason, renewable sources are coming to the foreground. In the first part of the bachelor thesis, types of photovoltaic cells, technology and their efficiency are presented. Furthermore, the principle and construction of photovoltaic and photothermal systems are described. The second part describes the design of the energy solution of a family house using solar energy.
|
|
|
Verification of practical possibilities to strengthen the immune system in women
VRCHOTOVÁ, Nikola
The topic of this final bachelor work is immune system which comprehensively describes its function and factors that influence it. The theoretical part deals with function of the immune system, introduces its cells and organs which are split synoptically. Further on, the theoretical part describes factors with influence on the function of the immune system. These are factors which reinforce but also weaken immune system. Every factor in this work is explained with its influence on immune system and it also describes the signs of its absence or surplus in human's health. Practical part of the bachelor work deals with immune training of Hermann Geesing (2008). The immune system is applied on eight women for the time of eight months. They were noting the activities of immune training into tables during two periods May to August and September to December. The results are evaluated by two graphs. One of them shows percentage of the set activities that were fulfilled. The second one describes subjective and complex condition of the women who participated in the training. The results are rated after every period and separately on every woman. At the end, the work describes the benefit of the immune training for every woman.
|
|
|
Characterisation of the Physical Chemical Processes Using the Fractal and Harmonic Analysis
Haderka, Jan ; Nešpůrek, Stanislav (referee) ; Mikula,, Milan (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
Existuje mnoho různých způsobů jak analyzovat disperzní systémy a fyzikálně chemické processy ke kterým v takových systémech dochází. Tato práce byla zaměřena na charakterizaci těchto procesů pomocí metod harmonické fraktální analýzy. Obrazová data sledovaných systémů byly analyzovány pomocí waveletové analýzy. V průběhu práce byly navrženy různé optimalizace samotné analýzy, převážně zaměřené na odstranění manuálních operací během analýzy a tyto optimalizace byly také inkorporovány do softérového vybavení pro Harmonickou Fraktální Analýzu HarFA, který je vyvíjen na Fakultě chemické, VUT Brno.
|
|
|
Controlling and Evaluation of Laser Micromanipulation Experiments
Kaňka, Jan ; Jákl, Petr (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
This work is focused on the development of a user friendly software interface using the LabViewTM environment that simplifies running of various experiments using laser micromanipulations and laser microspectroscopy of living microorganisms. Both techniques have been developing very fast for the last decade and belong to the growing group of contact-less and nondestructive techniques for manipulation and diagnostics of individual living microorganisms, cells, or viruses. Within this project we mastered the driving of peripheries, calibration of CCD scene, real-time image processing of the CCD scene, automatic selection of the cell for further laser processing, acquisition and processing of the Raman spectrum from living microorganisms. The final goal of our activity is fully automatic laser-based sorter of living cells depending on their chemical compositions. This work has been elaborated at the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i. under the supervision of prof. Pavel Zemanek.
|
|
|
The health effects of immunity training of women
CHLAŇOVÁ, Radka
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to explain the complexity of immunity system, particularly of the factors, which imact its functionality. In the theoretical part it focuses on introducing and functioning of the immunity system. At first it introduces the system from a biological point of view, explaining how it works, its main cells and primary organs and how it is devided. Furthermore it pursues the important factors which have the main impact on its functionality. These factors are then devided into positively influencing and negatively influencing and in each chapter there are described their specific impacts and the way of how the excess or deficiency influences the human heath. In the practical part of the work it aims on fulfilling these activities in practice, in particular by going through an immunity training which has been introduced by doctor Hermann Geesing. The activities of immunity training are practised during a duration of five months by six women in the middle age and the results of fulfilling these acitivities in regards to the subjective evaluation of their feelings during the time of the designed training plan. These results are shown in tables and graphs during each month by each person and finally evaluated and summarized in the discussion and conclusion based on the evaluation of their psychical and physical feeling at the beginning and in the end, together with describing the activities which have not been easy or difficult to fulfill.
|
|
|
Isolation and Characterization of Protoplasts and their Utilization for Model Membrane
Nováková, Kateřina ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Šestáková, Ivana ; Langmaier, Jan ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Zámečníková, B. ; Vodičková, H.
Protoplasts are prepared form plant cells by removing their cell walls, which are usually destroyed mechanically or by enzymes. Protoplasts exhibit the spherical shape after removing of their cell walls. They can be isolated from a range of plant tissues: leaves, stems, roots, anthers, and even pollen. Plasmatic membranes surrounding protoplasts can be used as a source of model membranes. Therefore, some parts of plasmatic membranes or subcellular organelle membranes, which contain specific transport systems, can be isolated and integrated to model phospholipid membranes. State of such model membranes can be characterized by electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) and the transported species can be determined with the use of voltammetric methods.
|
guest ::
