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Selected physiotherapeutic approaches in patients suffering from postcovid syndrome with special focus on the diaphragm
Waldhauserová, Nicole ; Zahrádka Köhlerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Havlová, Martina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to describe the effect of a combination of selected physiotherapeutic methods on the condition of patients with post-covid syndrome. It is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part are discussed in more detail the topics of Covid-19, the post-covid syndrome, the diaphragm, its anatomy, functions, its influence on the organism and functional limitations and also is discussed the topic of the fascial system. Diaphragm therapy methods are also described, especially the methods practiced in this work - visceral manipulation, osteopathic fascial release techniques and Vojta's reflex locomotion. In the practical part is more discussed the methodology of this work including data collection, methods, patient selection criteria, the goal of the work, and case studies of 3 patients with breathing problems classifiable as post-covid syndrome. In order to evaluate the effect of the therapy, the initial and final examinations, respiratory amplitude values, 2 quality of life questionnaires and selected functional tests focusing on the state of the deep stabilization system and the involvement of the diaphragm are evaluated. The results of some objective tests were questionable, but regardless it was shown that the chosen physiotherapeutic methods can...
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The influence of postural stability changes on respiratory muscle strength in an adult with a functional disorder of the musculosceletal system
ŠIGUTOVÁ, Anežka
The bachelor thesis deals with the study of the effect of changes in postural stability on the strength of respiratory muscles in adults with a functional disorder of the musculoskeletal system. This work consists of two parts. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is first devoted to breathing, its control, stereotype of breathing and respiratory muscles. A large part is also devoted to the diaphragm, which has not only respiratory but also postural function and its relationship to posture. Subsequently, it deals with the definition and ontogenesis of posture and its significance, postural stability, stabilization and reactivity. Furthermore, the deep stabilization system and its components are described. The last part deals with the issue of functional disorders and the most commonly used methods of therapy of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The practical part of the work is a form of qualitative research and consists of three case studies. All subjects are women aged 21 to 23 years. I was the first to perform an initial examination, where I mainly examined the quality of postural stability and measured the strength of the respiratory muscles using a triflow spirometer. A total of six meetings were held with each patient. At the last, an exit examination was performed. Within the whole group, there was no significant change in the strength of the respiratory muscles when the postural stability changed, but there was a change in the examination of the respiratory stereotype and the diaphragmatic test. This bachelor thesis can serve as an inspiration for physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of functional disorders and the possibilities of influencing postural stability and respiratory muscles.
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Specifics of physiotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma
KONEČNÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of physiotherapy in patients with asthma bronchiale. The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is to describe the problem of bronchial asthma and to describe the possibilities of physiotherapy for patients suffering from asthma. The theoretical part of the thesis includes a comprehensive description of the disease, specifically definition, prevalence, etiopathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, classification of the disease and treatment options. The anatomy of the respiratory system, respiratory muscles, a description of physiological breathing and its pathology in asthmatics is also included. A relatively large part of the theoretical part consists of physiotherapy options. Asthma bronchiale is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract manifested by symptoms of bronchial obstruction such as dyspnoea, cough, wheezing phenomena when breathing and chest pressure. The disease can be accompanied by asthma attacks of varying frequency and severity, which can be life-threatening. The cause of these difficulties is the presence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi together with their hyperreactivity. The prevalence of asthma continues to rise worldwide, along with the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases, which may be influenced by the worsening air quality. Asthma bronchiale is an incurable disease that affects people of all ages. With timely diagnosis and the use of pharmacological treatment, the symptoms of the disease can be eliminated and thus the disease can be controlled. Diseases of the respiratory system also have a negative effect on the musculoskeletal system, so physiotherapy has its place in the comprehensive treatment of asthma. Physiotherapy treatment focuses mainly on restoring the correct breathing pattern, correcting body posture, eliminating muscle imbalances and improving physical fitness. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to propose physiotherapy procedures suitable for patients with bronchial asthma and to evaluate their effect. The form of qualitative research has been chosen for the practical part. The research includes 3 case studies of adult patients with asthma. Input and output kinesiology examinations have been performed, based on which comparison the results have been described
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Respiration and posture influence on the activity of upper and lower esophageal sphincters
Bitnar, Petr ; Kobesová, Alena (advisor) ; Dolina, Jiří (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (referee)
Respiration and posture influence on the activity of upper and lower esophageal sphincters Abstract This work explores the effect of postural respiratory function on pressures in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). UES and LES pressures were measured using a high-resolution manometry (HRM). Leg raise in a supine position results in significant pressure increase in the UES and LES. Traction of the cervical spine and chest stabilization maneuver significantly reduces pressure in the UES and significantly increases pressure in the LES. Abdominal wall activity, i.e. intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) affecting UES and LES function, was measured using Ohm Belt sensors. IAP is related to body position, i.e. posture. Using verbal and manual guides, the subject can be instructed to increase abdominal wall activity and thus regulate (increase) IAP. Of the five monitored positions (sitting, lying on the back with leg raise, "bear", squat and hang), the greatest increase in IAP occurred in the bear position, i.e. in the position on all fours with a support on both hands and feet. IAP activation, which is significantly dependent on diaphragm activation, can potentially affect LES pressure and UES pressures. Based on the systematic review, it can be concluded that breathing...
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Shape changes in the axial system during respiration
Slawiková, Eliška ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Dudová, Agnieszka (referee)
The name of the work: Shape changes in the axial system during respiration Goal of the work: the main objective is to perform a case study of brass parameters and changes the shape of the trunk during the ventilation maneuver, prepare the correct methodology of research and to conduct separate measurements. The thesis will be divided into two parts, the first will contain the theoretical background to the subject, in the second part will then be described by the research, where I measured the change in the volume of the lungs in relation to time, assess the impact of implemented ventilation maneuver on the individual probands and examine the respiratory dynamics in selected ventilation maneuver. Methods: in the framework of the fulfilment of the tasks of this work have been carried out experiments with the use of 3D kinematic record with Qualisys and spirometric measurement. The experiment involved three probands aged 20 to 40 specific common features. Each of the proband performed during the measurement of quiet breathing, maximum inhalation and exhalation and ventilation maneuver. Measurements were carried out in one day under standard conditions, measurements made on the day of probands quiet breathing, maximum inhalation and exhalation and ventilation maneuver (5 min total). Data records were...
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Activity of lower oesophageal sphincter in healthy patients in various postural positions
Beranová, Kateřina ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Hlava, Štěpán (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe information about GERD, its etiology, anatomy, pathology, treatment options and rehabilitation in patients with GERD. Lower oesophageal sphincter and antireflux barrier. The study was approved by the ethics committee. 30 probands were included in the study and their health status was verified using the Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire. A manometric catheter was inserted, proband was instructed to maintain various postural positions. Lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface, lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface with head fixated manualy, sitting and standing position, load in the center of gravity 3/6/9 kg, load outside the center of gravity 3/6/9 kg, lifting of the office chair. It has been shown that LES pressure increases in all postural positions compared to resting pressure. The positions activate the diaphragm to demonstrate the postural function of the diaphragm. The most significant change in LES pressures was in the postural position of lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface, the LES resting pressure of 20.34mmHg changed to the pressure of LES 40.92mmHg. Clinical experience and studies have shown that patients with GERD have disposition for respiratory and / or vertebrogenic difficulties....
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Effects of Vojta's reflex locomotion on lung function
Drábková, Lenka ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this thesis is to answer a question if it is possible to influence ventilation parameters with an application of Vojta's reflex locomotion, which is one of the neurophysiologic techniques. The thesis confronts actual knowledge and relation between respiratory and postural function of "respiratory" muscles and the diaphragm and possibility of its reflex affection. Methods: With a spirometry we assess the impact of short-time activation of Reflex locomotion on the lung functions in a group of 21 healthy subjects in age 18 - 33 years. The study evaluates the effect of activation in two situations. First, it is instantaneous effect of Vojta's method on lung function. Second situation is the assessment of the time duration of evoked effect of activation and make out, if the changes are seen also after 25 minutes over the end of Vojta's stimulation. Results: Based on the interpretation of the both monitored situations, we set up an observation that short time activation of Vojta's reflex therapy has an effect on respiratory mechanics and thus on the spirometric values. At the other side we realize that not all of the changes were significant and some of them were unadvisable. Moreover all of them had very short persistency, after 25 minute none of the observed changes of lung...
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Deep stabilization system - contemporary findings, ways of testing and possibilities of physiotherapeutical influence
Hanzlová, Andrea ; Kotýnková, Martina (advisor) ; Brožová, Kamila (referee)
1 Abstract: Deep stabilizing system is a system of deep placed muscles, which are responsible for spine stability in calm position and during movement. Composition of this system is not totally explicit. Different authors, either native or foreigner, have different opinion on it. Kolář says, that this system includes deep cervical muscles, deep muscle system of the spine, muscles of the pelvic floor, stomach muscles and mostly diaphragm and its postural function. The content of this work in theoretical part is clarification of the term deep stabilizing system, introduction of its function and single elements in terms of anatomy, descriptoin of their basic functions, explanation of basic terms, which are relevant to this topic (for example posture, stabilization and stability). You can also find there different ways of testing and possibilities of physiotherapeutical influence of deep stabilizing system. Practical part of this work is qualitative research. For one month, I did therapy of two patiens, who have chronic back pain. After series of special tests, I detected disfunction of deep stabilizing system. I chose program of progressive dynamic stabilization of lumbar spine. You can find not only casuistry but also pictures of single elements of deep stabilizing system, few tests and program that I used in...
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The objectification of postural function of abdominal muscles
Novák, Jakub ; Kobesová, Alena (advisor) ; Davídek, Pavel (referee)
This thesis evaluates the possibility of using objective measurements to assess the postural function of abdominal muscles. The theoretical part provides an overview of findings regarding postural function of the abdominal muscles and the context for their co-activation using intra-abdominal pressure. The results are summarized in the form of research studies relating postural function and low back pain (LBP). The overview of the methods used to measure intra-abdominal pressure and the abdominal muscle activity is the main focus. In this section, we present a new methodology for measuring the activity of the abdominal muscles by using pressure sensors attached to the abdominal wall in the areas of the groin and the lumbar triangle. Methodology: In the experimental part, we tested 35 healthy subjects (average age 21.26t, SD ± 1,62) in 3 posturally different seated scenarios: 1. resting breathing, 2. with added external load (the subjects held a dumbbell 20% of their body weight) and 3. with maximum voluntary increase in intra-abdominal pressure (the diaphragm test). Results: An independent samples t-test indicated that the pressure created by the abdominal wall for both sensors in situation resting breathing increases in situation external load (HA1: upper sensor p=0.0079, lower sensor p=0.0009). We...
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