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Genetic factors influencing the characteristic facial features of people with psychical disorders
Frajbišová, Aneta ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Kočandrlová, Karolina (referee)
The facial part of the head of the embryo is formed alongside with the brain from the same precursors. The face is formed from the neural crest cells, which arise from the neuroepithelium. This means that if there is some kind of disruption in the early development of the brain, it will be shown in the face. The neuroepithelium induces the expression of many important genetic factors for the formation of the face. For example PAX3, Dsl-1, HMGN1. However, environmental factors also have an impact on the final look of the face. The environmental factors are for example diet or the way of breathing. Persons with the syndromatic psychic disorders have well known and researched facial morphology compared to persons with asyndromatic psychic disorders such as schizophrenia, ASD, OCD and bipolar disorder, which are still the object of many studies. Genetic factors that have an impact on facial dysmorphology, are usually genes that have their main role in the central nervous system or they indirectly impact through signalling pathways on other genes, which are known to have an impact on the face such as Fgf genes. The goal of this thesis is to determine these genetic factors.
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The influence of circadian rhythms on the origin, course and treatment of human psychical disorders
Kititi, Tina ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Škubica, Patrik (referee)
Circadian rhythms control several major functions in our body. Today's hectic lifestyle could damage circadian rhythms and also trigger a number of negative conditions that are predictors of psychical disorders. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are classified as serious mental disorders with a recurrent course and frequent long-term to lifelong treatment. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been shown to worsen the symptoms of these psychical disorders and increase their relapse rates. The disrupted circadian rhythms have the greatest impact on sleep patterns and differential rhythms of hormone production. Many studies suggest chronobiological treatment as a possible adjunctive treatment to conventional treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics. The main goal of chronobiological treatment is to return the circadian rhythm to its correct original state. Although there is some association between circadian rhythms and the pathophysiology of psychical disorders, its exact role is not clearly understood. Key words: circadian rhythms, psychical disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, sleep
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The disruption of the circadian system in bipolar disorder and its association with the polymorphism of L-type calcium channel
Filipovská, Eva ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Novosadová, Zuzana (referee)
Bipolar affective disorder is a serious psychiatric disease with prevalence of about 1% in general population. Typical symptoms are mood changes: manic periods are followed by depressions, with possible asymptomatic period of variable duration between them. It alters patient's everyday life and often leads to suicidal tendencies. Bipolar disorder is related to impaired circadian rhytms that are regulated from suprachiasmatic nuclei in hypothalamus. Impaired circadian rhytms in bipolar disorder are manifested by abnormalities of sleep and daily activity and by disrupted circadian secretion of several hormons. One of many factors that link bipolar disorder to circadian system at molecular level is the function of voltage-dependent calcium channels of L-type. Expression of these channels is regulated by the clock genes and their proper function is important for maintaining endogenous oscillations in the main oscillator located in suprachiasmatic nuclei. A common finding in patients with bipolar disorder is polymorphism of the gene for 1 subunit of the Cav1.2 channel. Abnormal function of calcium channels, consequent to the polymorphism, may be one of the causes that alter circadian rhytms in bipolar disorder. Key words: circadian system, suprachiasmatic nucleus, bipolar disorder, L-type calcium...
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Signal complexity evaluation in the processing of functional magnetic resonance imaging
Vyhnánek, Jan ; Boldyš, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been recently the most common tool for examining the neural activity in human and animals. The goal of a typical data-mining challenge is the localisation of brain areas activated during a cognitive task which is usually performed using a linear model or correlation methods. For this purpose several authors have proposed the use of methods evaluating signal complexity which could possibly overcome some of the shortcomings of the standards methods due to their independence on a priori knowledge of data characteristics. This work explains possibilities of using such methods including aspects of their configuration and it proposes an evaluation of performance of the methods applied on simulated data following expected biological characteristics. The results of the evaluation of performance showed little advantage of these methods over the standard ones in cases when the standard methods were possible to apply. However, some of the methods evaluating signal complexity were found useful for determining the regularity of signals which is a feature that cannot be assessed by the standard methods. Optimal parameters of the methods evaluating signal regularity were determined on simulated data and finally the methods were applied on the data examining emotional processing of...
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Social work methods and their effectiveness used for clients with mental disorders
Pomahačová, Kateřina ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
In thesis on the topic "Social work methods used in clients with mental disorders and their effectiveness" I focus on the terminology. I am going to learn basic information about selected mental disorders such as schizophrenia, affective disorders, specifically bipolar disorder, neurotic disorders, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder and lastly personality disorders, namely borderline personality disorder. Next, I am going to focus on the treatment possibilities of mental disorders, where I speak about the prevention and social worker approach. I continue with social survey and treatment&care for people with mental disorders. Finally, I am going to write about social work methods. The main goal of my thesis was to find what methods of social work are used at work with clients suffering mental disorders. Also if in practice are any methods used and what kind of method is used most often. My next goal was to find out the effectiveness of the methods used in social work. I used survey by a questionnaire. The survey contains 11semi-open questions. After that I concluded that methods of social work are provided to clients with mental disorders and all methods of social work for the mentally ill are used. That means work with an individual, family, group, community, psychiatric rehabilitation,...
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Physiotherapy in patients with bipolar disorder
Knotková, Denisa ; Zahrádka Köhlerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Straková, Eva (referee)
Bachelor thesis abstract Name, Surname: Denisa Knotková Supervisor: Mgr. Michaela Zahrádka Köhlerová Opponent: Title of bachelor thesis: Physiotherapy in patients with bipolar disorder Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with what kind of role has physiotherapy in patients with psychiatric illness, specifically in patients with bipolar afective disorder. The aim of this work is to collect information about the disease in all its aspects and to describe how these patients are treated from the perspective of a physiotherapist. The first part of the thesis describes origins and symptomatology of bipolar afective disorder, differential diagnosis, comorbidities, pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy. The second part of the thesis deals with physiotherapy approaches and methods, indications and contraindications. In the form of studies, we will process various studies dealing with physiotherapy methods adequate for treating these patients and what influence they have on each of the phase of the desease. The studies will be summarized in the final discussion. Key words: Bipolar disorder, physiotherapy, physical activity, psychiatry
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Sleep correlates of early risk of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.
Šebela, Antonín ; Goetz, Michal (advisor) ; Příhodová, Iva (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
Background: Reports of subjective sleep impairments have been replicated in adults with bipolar disorder (BD) and young BD patients. Furthermore, circadian rhythm alterations are a core feature of BD. Despite the impairment in circadian rhythms and altered sleep included in various heuristic developmental models of BD, thus far, biomarkers in population at risk for BD have not been sufficiently objectively validated. Thus, we conducted: a) Explorative study of sleep and rest-activity circadian rhythm among offspring of BD parents. b) Study of sleep and rest-activity circadian rhythm among offspring of BD parents without the presence of psychopathology (except depression and anxiety disorders) based on our exploratory findings. Methods: a) 14 days of actigraphic assessment and subjective scales (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, PSQ; the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, MEQ; and The General Behavior Inventory Sleep Subscale, GBISS) to assess circadian preference, and to identify sleep impairment symptoms. Psychopathology was assessed using psychiatric interview. b) ≥ 14 days of actigraphic assessment with advanced methods to assess the chronotype, social jet lag and sleep macrostructure, psychiatric interview and subjective psychometric scales to assess the full psychopathology profile. Results:...
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Obesity and psychiatric diseases
Pluhařová, Apolena ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Karbanová, Martina (referee)
Introduction: Obesity is closely related to psychiatric disorders. I examined a sample of obese patients who were on VLCD / LCD during hospitalization. The aim was to determine the incidence of psychiatric disorders among obese patients and the development of their weight. Methods: Quantitative research was carried out at the D3 department at III. Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague. The data for the research was obtained from medical reports of patients on VLCD / LCD during hospitalization in the period 2018-2019. The results were compared with the Czech population and professional literature. Results: Data analysis shows that 42.2 % of women and 26.2 % of men in the sample suffer from a psychiatric diagnosis. The most common psychiatric disorder was depression and anxiety. The result of a comparison of a sample of patients on VLCD with the Czech population indicate that there is a similar proportion of depressive disorder among women on VLCD and individuals with obesity in the rest of the Czech population. In men, there is less incidence of depression on VLCD patients than in the rest of the population. A lower incidence of depressive disorder in men may be because individuals with severe psychiatric conditions are...
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