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The analysis of the language of two German print media regarding gender-inclusive language
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Jaroslava
This bachelor's thesis addresses the current issue of the gender-inclusive language, with a specific focus on the language used in two German press media - namely, the left-wing newspaper junge Welt and the right-leaning newspaper Welt. The language of both media will be analyzed in relation to the gender-inclusive language and subsequently compared. The analysis aims to determine the extent to which, if at all, both media use the gender-inclusive language. If so, the analysis will also provide information about the specific forms the media use. The specific forms of the gender-inclusive language will be briefly introduced along the origins of the issue before the actual analysis.
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Sociophonetic study of substitutional glottalization in native English speakers
Klánová, Aneta ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The glottal stop, previously labelled as a heavily stigmatized feature of British English pronunciation, has become widely spread across all social classes and the majority of British dialects. Young females are believed to be instrumental in leading the spread and causing the social re-evaluation of the feature. The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrence of T-glottaling in the speech of British English speakers in relation to sociolinguistic factors, primarily age, gender and speaking style. The theoretical part provides a description of the linguistic and social aspects of T-glottaling. Particular attention is paid to the role of social factors in the process of language change. In addition, a brief overview of previous research is presented. The material for the empirical part of this study consists of 32 recordings of British English speakers. The analysis of the results reveals that gender, age and speaking style play a significant role in the frequency of occurrence of the glottal stop. Young females are shown to be the leaders of the spread of T-glottaling, which leads to the assumption that the language change is still in progress.
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Diachronic comparison of synchronic corpora
Křen, Michal ; Čermák, František (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Králík, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents a method for diachronic comparison of synchronic corpora that reflect language of very close time periods. Its primary aim is the assessment of possi- bilities and limitations of language change detection based on the synchronic written SYN-series corpora. The approach is corpus-driven, based on a statistical evaluation of differences among normalized average reduced frequencies of lemmata and lexical combinations. There are several variants of the method applied on various subcorpora of corpus SYN and their results examined in detail. Difficulty of the comparison lies in the influence of corpus composition and the interconnection of changes in language with changes in society. As it is not easy to distinguish the signs of diachronic shift from naturally existing synchronic variability, the statistically discovered significance of frequency differences is additionally verified by querying the base corpora. The interpretation of the results is also adjusted by the knowledge of their exact composition. The conclusions are based mainly on the newspapers as a written text type that is most receptive to the changes. The changes can be characterized as a thematic diversion from the original political and economical orientation of the newspapers towards real- life and free-time topics...
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A Comparative Analysis of Anglicisms in German Standard Varieties
ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Sabina
The following Master thesis "A Comparative Analysis of Anglicisms in German Standard Varieties" focuses on the matter of English lexical borrowing in German which is currently very topical and provokes mixed reactions both from laymen and linguists. First, the thesis introduces the fundamental knowledge of language change focusing on its internal and external causes. Furthermore, the three German standard varieties are characterised - German Standard German, Austrian German and Swiss German. The third chapter is devoted to the concrete influence of English lexical borrowings on German. Moreover, the empirical part presents a comparative analysis based on a collection of anglicisms from 100 newspaper articles from national online newspapers for each of the varieties. At the end of the analysis, current tendencies concerning the use of anglicisms and the particularities of the individual standard varieties are defined. To conclude with, the thesis deals with the critical reception of anglicisms in the public discourse and presents the matter from the point of view of sociolinguistics.
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On the Questions of the (un)literary Czech Language in from the 16th -18th Centuries (with special Emphasis on selected phonetic-orthogrphic Phenomena)
Šimečková, Marta
Nowadays the Czech literary (formal) language system in understood as a system of language resources used nationally in official speechas, written and spoken, which is set in the relevant codification manuals. The lecturer will analyze the question of formal (cultural) Czech language in the period from the 16th to the 18th centuries. She will present several examples from literature along with accompanying analysis. She will offer the typology of humanistic Czech language und baroque Czech language and its most important features, focusing especially on spelling and orthography. This lecture is strongly recommended to all students interested in the historical grammar of Czech language.
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Anglicisms in German: Language Change or Language Degradation?
ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Sabina
This bachelor thesis named "Anglicisms in German: Language Change or Language Degradation?" is concerned with the current language trend of English loan words in German. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a definition of the basic principles and theories concerning the language change with a special focus on the changes in the field of vocabulary as well as of the concepts of Anglicisms and borrowing. The second part focuses on the critical reflexion of Anglicisms among the German public and on the surveys Wort, Unwort and Jugendwort des Jahres. This chapter is also accompanied by a corpus monitoring the occurrence of Anglicisms in the results of these surveys. The practical part of this thesis is represented by the analysis of the occurrence of English loan words in German press from the synchronic point of view. For this purpose, two sources were chosen, namely the quality press represented by the magazine Die Zeit and a tabloid represented by the daily newspaper Bild. The analysis therefore provides a comparison of the frequency of the use of Anglicisms in the quality press and in a tabloid. The results are accompanied by the semantic categorisation of the expressions found and the description of stylistic and sociocultural tendencies following from their usage.
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Introduction to the Theory of Language Correctness
Beneš, Martin ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Bermel, Neil Halford Andrew (referee) ; Dolník, Juraj (referee)
Introduction to the Theory of Language Correctness. The theme of this Thesis is the novel conceptualization of the subject field, which is, in the Czech context, traditionally dealt with within the theory of language cultivation, from the perspective of the so-called ontological "socialism" (esp. Itkonen, 1978; 2003). The first two chapters explain why the subject field of the (theory of) language cultivation is to be newly approached from this very perspective. The conceptual discussion in the first chapter identifies three underresearched factors (reaction of the Protectorate elites to the Nazi occupation policy; variety-based approach to the "language" and physicalism) that had negative effect to the debate on these questions and therefore they should not be taken into consideration; the terminological discussion in the second chapter supports the claim that it is not suitable to associate the traditional term (theory of) language cultivation with this novel conceptualization. The third chapter introduces in detail the so-called ontological "socialism" according to which there are not only spatiotemporal entities, i.e. language means, but also non-spatiotemporal entities, i.e. language rules qua actually existing social facts, in the subject field of linguistics. The fourth chapter provides a...
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On the Variation of Irregular Verbs: Regular Conjugation of the Most Frequent Irregular Verbs in the Written German
Sikora, Marek ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
1 Abstract The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to find out, if the regular conjugation in preterite and the regular forming of past participle, or the absence of alternation of e and i in the 2nd and 3rd person singular, present tense indicative and in imperative singular concerning the most frequent irregular verbs have already reached the written standard German (in the informal spoken language they in some measure occur). In the first part (theoretical) the thesis explains some terms of language change, comments on the traditional classification of the irregular German verbs on the basis of ablaut and offers a more suitable one according to Bittner, sums up the main points from the codification literature. In the second part (empirical) a list of eleven irregular verbs is made (using W Corpus of the Institute for German Language in Mannheim), which are to be examined, a methodology is developed to detect the typing errors occurring in the found forms, and the eleven verbs are empirically researched. The conclusion presents the results and answers the main questions put in the introduction.
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Sociophonetic study of substitutional glottalization in native English speakers
Klánová, Aneta ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The glottal stop, previously labelled as a heavily stigmatized feature of British English pronunciation, has become widely spread across all social classes and the majority of British dialects. Young females are believed to be instrumental in leading the spread and causing the social re-evaluation of the feature. The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrence of T-glottaling in the speech of British English speakers in relation to sociolinguistic factors, primarily age, gender and speaking style. The theoretical part provides a description of the linguistic and social aspects of T-glottaling. Particular attention is paid to the role of social factors in the process of language change. In addition, a brief overview of previous research is presented. The material for the empirical part of this study consists of 32 recordings of British English speakers. The analysis of the results reveals that gender, age and speaking style play a significant role in the frequency of occurrence of the glottal stop. Young females are shown to be the leaders of the spread of T-glottaling, which leads to the assumption that the language change is still in progress.
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