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Premature mortality in selected developed countries: causes and trends
Dostál, Martin ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Premature mortality in selected developed countries: causes and trends Abstract The main goal of the thesis is to describe the overall development of premature mortality and evaluate the development of mortality according to selected groups of causes of death and age groups in selected developed countries of Europe between the years 1999 and 2018. The selected countries for work purposes include the Czechia, Hungary, Sweden, Italy and France. The limit of premature mortality is the age of 70 years. The methods used in this thesis are direct standardization and bivariate decomposition. The results of the analysis showed an improvement in mortality rates in all selected states during almost the entire monitored period. This is proven, for example, by the improvement of the temporary life expectancy between the exact ages of 0 and 70 years. The positive development of premature mortality was mainly contributed by an improvement in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in older age groups and an improvement in mortality from neoplasms. Key words: premature mortality, causes of death, decomposition, developed countries, Europe
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Ekonomické a ekologické aspekty elektromobility
Otáhalová, Barbora
The bachelor thesis deals with the dependencies of economic and ecological factors in the field of electromobility in European countries for the year 2021. The literature review characterizes electromobility, briefly describes its development, current status, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, a comparison of certain factors between European countries is presented in this chapter. The theory of regression analysis and the stages of econometric modelling are also included in this study. The practical part includes creating and testing two econometric models. The results show that there is a positive dependence between GDP, the number of charging stations and the number of newly registered electromo-biles. Another sub-result is the confirmed dependence of newly registered EVs on the reduction of CO2 emissions.
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New parameterizations in the RegCM model
Pitaš, Ondřej ; Belda, Michal (advisor) ; Karlický, Jan (referee)
This thesis compares new physical parameterizations in the regional climate model system RegCM with the standard settings used at the Department of Atmospheric Phy- sics and observed climatic conditions. The first part is dedicated to the description of individual parameterizations and to the essential introduction to the RegCM model. In addition, model preprocessing and running simulations are discussed. The simulations were conducted over Europe domain for the ten-year period (1990-1999) with five dif- ferent model settings. Holtslag PBL(Holtslag, 1990) type boundary layer scheme, Grell cumulus convention scheme over land and ocean and Explicit moisture scheme (SUBEX; Pal et al 2000) were used in the reference simulation. In the conducted simulations, the following physical parametrizations were used separately: UW PBL (Bretherton and McCaa, 2004) boundary layer scheme, Explicit moisture Nogherotto/Tompkins mois- ture scheme, Tiedtke (1996) and Kain-Fritsch (1990) & Kain (2004) cumulus convention schemes over land and ocean. None of the new physical parameterizations showed impro- vements over standard setting in all analyzed variables at the same time. Precipitation is best described by reference simulation as well as by simulations with UW PBL and Kain- Fritsch & Kain parametrization type. Kain-Fritsch...
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Trends in pancreatic cancer mortality in Europe in the years 1995-2018
Opltová, Michaela ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Altová, Anna (referee)
Trends in pancreatic cancer mortality in Europe in the years 1995-2018 Abstract Malignant neoplasm of the pancreas is one of the malignant diseases with the worst survival statistics. The death rate per year is currently almost equal to the incidence rate in the world. Europe, along with other developed regions, is among the most affected areas. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyse the development of the intensity of mortality due to malignant neoplasm of the pancreas in selected European countries between 1995 and 2018 and the subsequent comparison of trends between countries and within individual regions. Standardized mortality rates and age-specific mortality rates were mainly used for this purpose. Data came from the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database. All states experienced an increase in standardized mortality rates for pancreatic cancer in both sexes. The states of Central and Northern Europe recorded higher values for both sexes, while the lowest values were recorded by the states of Southern Europe. Specific mortality rates increased with age in both sexes also in all analysed states. Key words: mortality, malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, Europe, standardized mortality rate
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Species and cytotype diversity of invasive Symphyotrichum species in Central Europe
Varvažovská, Adéla ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Hodálová, Iva (referee)
The cytotypic variability of Aster species of the genus Symphyotrichum is relatively well-explored within the territory of North America, where this species originates. Unfortunately, in Europe, where Asters were originally introduced as ornamental plants, they have received limited attention in terms of their overall as well as cytotypic variability. The number of publications and data concerning cytotypic variability and karyology in Europe is very limited, with some reporting the occurrence of several species and higher ploidy level species complexes. Asters naturalize in many places, capable of reproducing both vegetatively and generatively, and primarily colonize habitats disturbed by human activities. As a result, they have been classified as invasive plant species. From a biosystematic perspective, Asters constitute a highly complex group due to their high morphological and karyological variability. This situation is further complicated by the phenomenon of polyploidy and intense interspecific and intraspecific hybridization. These factors contribute to the challenging task of identifying individuals and populations and assigning them to specific taxa. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the cytotypic variability of wild-growing Aster species of the genus Symphyotrichum (Asteraceae) in the...
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The Decline of Terrorism in European soil: Comparative Political Analysis
Pinto Guzman, Isaac David ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Myftari, Kledian (referee)
1 Master Thesis : The Decline of Terrorism in European Soil: Comparative Political Analysis Written by Isaac David Pinto Guzmán Date: 31.07.2023 Charles University Department: Security Studies Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Vít Střítecký Student ID: 47544203 University of Konstanz Department: Politics and Public Administration Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Michael Dobbins Student ID: 1252046 2 Abstract: This paper focuses on the effectiveness of counterterrorism policies and strategies implemented by European Union (EU) member nations. The study examines the types of policies and measures put in place, the effectiveness of intelligence gathering and sharing, and the level of funding provided for security efforts. The research question guiding this study is: Which policies, security strategies, and measures implemented by European Union member nations have most effectively reduced the frequency or success rate of terrorist attacks on their territory, including completed, failed, and foiled attacks? The study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and security experts to develop evidence-based strategies to prevent and combat terrorism in the EU. The literature review critically examines the securitization of terrorism in Europe and its implications for civil liberties and democratic governance. The theoretical...
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Factors affecting prevalence of physical fuctional limitation among European population
Hrabcová, Tereza ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Hrkal, Jakub (referee)
Factors affecting prevalence of physical fuctional limitation among European population Abstract Walking difficulties have a major impact on everyday life. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to find factors that influence the prevalence of walking limitations. It also dealt with the impact of walking limitations on quality of life and how the prevalence of these health problems varies across European populations. binary logistic regression, which was the main statistical method, involved respondents aged 25 years and older who participated in the EHIS study in 2019. All sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors examined appeared to be risk factors, except neck disorders, which became protective in the final model. No significant differences were found between the genders. It was also found that the most risky factors that influenced quality of life analyzed using self-rated health assessment and the appereance of depressive symptoms were confirmed walking limitations, together with pain and depressive symptoms. Based on age-standardized prevalence rates of walking limitations and healthy life years without walking limitations, Europe was found to be polarized into Western and Eastern countries, with populations in Eastern countries burdened by walking difficulties significantly more than...
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The impacts of climate change on the European populations of Orthoptera (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Horáčková, Kateřina ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
Climate change has a significant impact on the environment and ecosystems around the world. Insects od the order Orthoptera, which form an important part of biodiversity and participate in a number of ecosystem functions, are no exception. This bachelor's thesis tries to summarize the available information on the effects of climate change on Orthoptera and on their ecological interactions in Europe. In the individual chapters, I analyze the effect of climate change on insects in general and, as well as on my focal group. The results imply that that alpine species will either shift their distribution areas to higher altitudes or shift their northern limit of occurrence. If such species no longer have anywhere to expand, there is a risk of losing their optimal living conditions with all possible consequences. In the Czech Republic, the northward expansion of the distribution ranges (spread) of some of the 96 species living here has been recorded. An example can be the katydid species Ruspolia nitidula, which is newly spreading, for example, in the Odra aluvium. Other species are for example katydids Phaneroptera falcata and Phaneroptera nana whose spread is also attributed to climate change. Key words: Orthoptera, climate change, distribution, Europe, ecology, change in physiology insects
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Social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe
Šimka, Vojtěch ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bruthans, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the relationship between the prevalence of stroke and the level of education in European countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the factors that influence this relationship using data obtained from the EHIS study. The thesis focuses on the analysis of social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of significant social inequalities in the prevalence of this disease in some European countries. Factors contributing to a higher chance of stroke in individuals with lower socioeconomic status have been identified. On the basis of these results, recommendations for governments of countries with a high prevalence of social inequalities are formulated in the final chapter of the thesis. These recommendations relate to access to health care, including stroke prevention and treatment, and aim to reduce social inequalities in this area.
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Factors affecting prevalence of pain among European population
Míšková, Markéta ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
Pain is a part of many people's lives and can also affect them in significant ways. This paper examined various factors that are related to the prevalence of pain in the European population. The aim was to identify these factors and describe the differences between the population groups. The analyses involved individuals aged 20 years and older who participated in the 2019 European Health Interview Survey. The association between selected demographic, sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as between lifestyle factors and pain prevalence, was analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Attention was also paid to the relationship between mental health and pain prevalence. It was found that women are more prone to the occurrence of pain as well as persons of advanced age. Although married people show a lower risk of suffering from pain, the impact of living with a partner on the incidence of pain is quite contradictory. The association between this variable and pain prevalence varies depending on control variables. More educated persons are less likely to report prevalence of pain. In turn, unhealthy lifestyle activities, other than alcohol consumption, are considered to be risk factors. Also, individuals with severe symptoms of depression have a higher likelihood of...
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