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Diet and exercise regime of Czech children and adolescents aged 11 - 13
Maratová, Klára ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The prevalence of overweight and obesity is constantly growing all over the world. Not only adults, but also children and adolescents are affected by this increase. The development of overweight or obesity in childhood represents a rather significant health risk that extends to adulthood. Both being overweight and being obese causes various secondary diseases, e.g. type II. diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. That is why the attempts to stop the increase of prevalence of overweight and obesity emerged in recent years. The attempts to stop these tendencies are aimed especially at children and adolescents, who carry the habits developed in childhood even to their adult life. In order for these attempts to be successful, one needs to have at their disposal information about the contemporary status and factors, which influence the development of overweight and obesity. The primary prevention ought to be concentrating on these factors. The survey, which was created in the questionnaire form, was conducted in primary schools and on the lower grade of grammar schools in Prague and its surroundings. 1897 questionnaires were distributed throughout the whole year; 366 were given back and out of these 225 questionnaires belong to girls and 141 to boys. This thesis focuses on the issues of the diatery,...
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Weigth-height proportionality and subcutaneus fatt distribution in preschool children
Procházková, Lucie ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
In the Czech Republic occurred a change of lifestyle in recent decades, there was an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and even for preschool children. With these changes can be related as well as the increasing number of children with bad posture. The aim of this research was to analyze weight parameters, body composition, fat distribution and its effect on posture in preschool children. Another aim was compare different methods for calculating the amount of body fat and see if it show the same clinical validity. Furthemore, we compared the measurement of the abdominal circumference with waist circumference in absolute and in relative form, these parameters are often used interchangeably. They are usedto detect fat distribution and estimate the amount of body fat. To determine the distribution of fat is also used centrality indices, which we also compared with abdominal and waist circumference. Our aim was also to evaluate the clinical validity in determining the type of fat distribution. The study included 208 children (101 boys, 107 girls) aged three to six years, most of Prague and its surroundings. Comparing the SDS BMI and weight - height ratio showed a statistically significant difference between the set 2013 and standard. The difference in the values of BMI (p = 0,0006)...
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Intersexual differences of adiposity markers in contemporary Czech children aged 11 - 15 years
Auxtová, Martina ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
Thesis is focused on the analysis of intersexual differences in adiposity markers within urban population of Czech children from 11,00 to 15,99 years. This age range encompasses puberty which is one of the critical periods for the possible development of overweight and obesity. The sample PRAHA 2013 consists of 356 girls and 353 boys which were surveyed for basic anthropometric indicators - body height, body weight, BMI, mid- upper arm circumference and the thickness of four skinfolds. Intersexual differences discovered in measured parameters show statistical significance (p<0,01 resp. p<0,001) and it corresponds with the characteristic changes of pubertal development in both of genders. Testing file PRAHA 2013 against reference standards and its comparison with the results of the last Czechoslovak spartakiade in 1985 points to positive secular trend of increasing body height. However increase in weight parametres is still continuing. Probands from the year 2013 reach higher body weight values, BMI and skinfold thickness in comparison with children of the same age in 1985, 1991 resp. 2001. Significant differences were found out in the most of age categories in both of genders. Keywords: adiposity tissue, subcutaneous fat, skinfolds, body fat distribution, sexual dimorphism, obesity, secular trend
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Influence of treining on development of body young hockey-players.
Kopencová, Milada ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of training load for the development of selected somatic characteristics measured by antropometry standard technique using DTP 3 system for young ice hockey players by comparing the differential values observed for the same age population of children without regular training load. The research group consists of 52 players HC Plzeň 1929 divided into six groups within each age group. Evaluated are basic somatometric characters, body height and weight and selected height, width and circuit characteristics. Furthermore, the lateral deviation of the spine, changes in depth and angle parameters spinal curves and changes of lateral, vertical and rotational parameters both of the acromion and posterior superior iliac spine. Data are statistically evaluated using the normalization index. Differences of mean values of the analyzed parameters in different age categories do not show up on exceptions in body weight and depth of cervical and lumbar lordosis, the impact of gaming burden on somatic development of young hockey players. Observed asymmetry and standard deviations of the rated entities, documented by diagnostic DTP 3 system, can be probably attributed to the detriment of excessive postural stress associated with game activities. Keywords: spine, spinal...
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Relation of fruitfulness of reduction therapy in obese children to their personal and family history.
Siegelová, Jana ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
Obesity negatively affects quality of life of children and its high prevalence is a global problem. Obesity is a multifactorial disease, whose formation influence genetic and exogenous factors. Exogenous factors can act directly on obese individuals and can be defined by the markers of personal history, or may act within the family and then they are define by the markers of family history. The health risks associated with obesity are high and therefore you need to focus on the treatment of obesity in childhood. In childhood it is still possible to change unhealthy habits and lifestyle. The aim of this work is to describe the relationship of severity of obesity of obese children in the selected data from their personal and family history and analyze the success of reducing treatment of children in dependence selected aspects of their personal and family history. Monitored set includes 398 girls and 216 boys aged 6 to 18 years who were examined anthropometric at the beginning and in the end of the stay in the hospital, Dr. Philip in Poděbrady, and whose parents responded to the survey questions for parents of obese children. Data where colected between years 2000 and 2010. The following parameters were monitored: body weight, body height, BMI, skinfolds thickness, circumferential and width parameters...
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Eating disorders focused on anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
Zinková, Alžběta ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
The study deals with eating disorders. It tries to bring the most comprehensive overview of the two majority eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, respectively. Both diseases have a lot in common, but also some of its specifics which are pointed out in the study. The study is conceived to make the reader in the early chapters acquainted with the various eating disorders according to international diagnostic criteria. Then there is a brief history, epidemiology and etiology and pathogenesis of particular disorders. Other chapters are devoted to anorexia and bulimia. They deal with the predisposition to eating disorders and they include psychological and biological factors and also health risks that may occur during prolonged starvation and at compensatory behaviour in bulimic patients. The final chapter briefly describes the different types of treatment that in most cases are based on knowledge of psychology.
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Study of candidate genes for obesity in children and adolescents.
Dušátková, Lenka ; Zamrazilová, Hana (advisor) ; Vaňková, Markéta (referee)
Obesity is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the whole world that increases risk of many other health problems. Origin of this multifactorial disease is influenced by many factors, including genetic ones. This work was realized within the project COPAT (Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment). The main goal was to study two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9939609, rs1421085) in FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene and their possible impact on anthropometric traits, body composition or weight reduction. We examined two groups - 356 overweight and obese children who took part in 4-weeks weight reduction program and 412 Czech adolescents of the control group. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination. Weight reduction program resulted in significantly loss of most of the examinated antropometric traits including body fat mass and visceral fat (p < 0,001). Results showed significant association of the minor A-alelle of rs9939609 with overweight and obesity (OR = 1,33; 95%CI 1,08−1,64) as well as of the minor C-alelle of rs1421085 (OR = 1,38; 95%CI 1,12−1,70). Nevertheless, there was no clear evidence of interaction between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and antropometric traits, body composition or weight loss. Results of this work confirmed that tested...
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Body composition changes in obese children during the weight reducing programme. The study of selected candidate genes for obesity and their associations with anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
Zamrazilová, Hana ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Štich, Vladimír (referee) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
L. Abstrakt Background: Theprevalenceof obesityhasoverthe pasttwentyyearsgrownto suchanextentthat it is now commonlyrefenedto as a pandemic.From the point of view of healthrisks and complicationsconnectedwith obesity,the fact that this increasingtrend is prominenteven in childrenseemsto beveryserious.Thestudieshaveprovedclearrelationsbetweenearlyobesityand obesitypersistinguntil adulthood,the amountof visceralfat, cardiovascularrisks,diabetestype2, hypertensionandhyperlipidemia. Aims: To detect weight changesand body compositionchangesin children during the comprehensive5-6 weekin-patientweightreducingprogramme.To comparethe amountof body fat determinedby anthropomehicmethodsandDEXA method.To evaluateselectedbiochemical and hormonal parametersof lipid and glucosemetabolismsin obesechildren. To detectthe dependenceof anthropometricand biochemicalparameterson polymorphismsprolgl9pro, Ser343SerandGln2?3Argof the LEPRgene,andpolymorphismLeul62Valof theppARalfagene. Results: The study showed significant difftrences in body weight decreasesexpressedin percentagefromtheinitialbodyweightin thegroupof obesegirls(p & 0.001).Girlsthelowestage category(7-9 years)hadsignificantlygreaterweightlossescomparedto theirweightat thestartof theirstay,opposedto girlsin higheragecategories(11-17years,p & 0.05).At thebeginningof...
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