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Category discrimination in avian predators: formation of natural categories of unpalatable prey
Zíková, Markéta ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Ability to categorize objects to classes and react to members of one class similarly is important for animals, for example to facilitate discrimination between palatable and unpalatable prey. Objects are typically categorized according to their common features. Birds mainly use visual perception and so their prey also signals its unpalatability visually, through aposematic coloration. We studied the ability of great tits (Parus major) to categorize prey into classes of palatable and unpalatable according to its appearance. Birds were divided to three experimental groups, each tested with different categories of prey. First group was trained to discriminate between aposematic species of true bugs (Heteroptera) and non-aposematic species from other insect taxa. Second group was trained to discriminate non-aposematic species of true bugs and species of other insect taxa and the third in discrimination of pseudocategories, consisting of randomly assigned stimuli from the first experimental group. Tested birds were wild-caught adults and naïve, hand-reared juveniles. Juveniles were tested only in first two experimental groups. All birds were first trained in discrimination between the two categories and then tested in a generalization test with new stimuli. Both adults and juveniles learned to...
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Care allowance as a pillar of care for person with disability
Zíková, Markéta ; Arnoldová, Anna (advisor) ; Dolista, Josef (referee)
The thesis is focused on the issue of care allowance. The theoretical part contains basic information about this social benefit. There are described various forms of administrative proceedings. It is imperative that you know the social services that you can turn to if necessary, so they are also mentioned in the work. Attention is paid to the characteristics of the social worker. The practical part aims to give the reader an insight into this issue. There are actual stories of people here to see where difficult people can be. The questionnaire survey found that the respondents had a negative experience with the care allowance, as the proceedings took several months. Furthermore, it was found that the primary information about this social benefit is learned from the doctor. Research has shown that they most often need help with shopping, household cleaning, or hygiene. These are tasks that are physically demanding for the respondents and often helped by family members.
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Category formation in birds
Zíková, Markéta ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Ability to categorize objects and react to members of one category similarly is important for animals in the wild. They use this ability to recognize predators, sexual partners or a prey. Categories might be perceptual, associative or relational. Perceptual categories can be formed by different mechanisms, described by feature, exemplar and prototype theory. Stimuli used in the categorization studies are usually visual - they can be different types of pictures or real objects. This thesis summarizes studies focused on the perceptual categories (categories based on the perceptual similarity) and the relational categories (based on the relationship between objects) on an example same/different, in birds. The categorization in birds is mainly studied in the pigeons, other tested species are corvids or parrots. In pigeons the perceptual categoriz- ation is especially well studied, they can categorize a variety of objects according to the per- ceptual similarity, from natural ones to man-made ones. They predominantly use common fea- tures to add category members. On the other hand corvids are better than pigeons in ability to categorize objects according to the sameness/difference, because they require lower number of training stimuli to full understanding of the task. Key words categorization, concept,...
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The problematics of Sexual abuse of Children from age 3 to 9 at the Children's Crisis Centre, z.ú., Prague
Zíková, Markéta ; Poláčková, Jana (advisor) ; Chittussiová, Lenka (referee)
My bachelor's thesis deals with sexual abuse of children. Theoretical part of the thesis contains basic information about sexual abuse in general and describes individual forms of abuse. Thesis is focused both on the victims and abusers. Thesis tries to highlight affects of abuse which a certain child could carry within for the test of his/her life. Finally, theoretical part of thesis presents to a reader certain ways of how to prevent this pathological phenomenon from happening in a first place and also which direction to take in case the abuse actually happens. Practical part contains both qualitative and quantitative research. The main goal could be considered showing the severity of sexual abuse by presenting true life stories. Regarding quantitative research - questionnaires should find out whether parents are properly informed about sexual abuse and if they discuss this topic with their child. A reader can also find statistic, which shows how sexual abuse is extended. Statistics are made in collaboration with "Children crisis centre".
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Private Archives - The Traces of Past in Our Present
Zíková, Markéta ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
The main topic of Master thesis with the title Private Archives - The Traces of Past in Our Present, is creation of private archives and how reading and work of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze support understanding of those archives and establishment of intimate history of human being. Private archives are represented by any object, collections of objects or by anything else what reminds to owner or author of archives his past and who is returning back to the past through this object. Private archives are present in life of human being and we are coming back to the archives whenever we consider it important and whenever we want. Private archives are the part of life of all of us and that is why I consider crucial to understand their functioning, their role in our life and to know how to use them. The private archives, unlike our memories, which can be mixed one into each other, represent concrete tool referring to our past. The master thesis includes the description of practical part which is represented by creation of private archive, the functioning and the characteristics are also described. Three philosophers who influenced Gilles Deleuze have their place in this master thesis as well. I am referring to Michel Foucault, Henri Bergson and Marcel Proust.
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Characterisation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by high resolution transmission electron microscopy
Zíková, Markéta ; Hospodková, Alice ; Pangrác, Jiří ; Hulicius, Eduard ; Komninou, Ph. ; Kioseoglou, J.
The InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) covered by GaAsSb strain reducing layer (SRL) have suitable properties for various applications. The GaAsSb SRL covering InAs QDs is used to improve the structure growth and the final parameters like QD density, QD size or photoluminesence. To obtain high-quality structure with required properties, the structure growth and final structure have to be deeply studied. Since the QDs and SRL system is surrounded by GaAs, the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurement was used to reveal the real material arrangement in a prepared sample. In this work we will discuss the results of following HRTEM measurements: flatness and thickness of prepared layers, QD size, atomic arrangement and composition of GaAsSb layer.
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Luminescence of quantum dot heterostructures in applied electric field
Kubištová, Jana ; Zíková, Markéta ; Kuldová, Karla ; Pangrác, Jiří ; Hospodková, Alice ; Hulicius, Eduard ; Petříček, Otto ; Oswald, Jiří
In this work, photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) of samples with InAs/GaAs quantum dots were measured with electric voltage or current applied on the structure. The EL structures emitting at 1300 nm were prepared by using n-type substrate. By applying the electric voltage in reverse bias on the sample, the evinced PL may be switched off - it decreases rapidly with the applied voltage and is negligible at about 10 V. Such structures which PL intensity is tunable by applied voltage have a broad spectrum of applications in optoelectronics.
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GaAsSb strain reducing layer covering InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Zíková, Markéta ; Hospodková, Alice ; Pangrác, Jiří ; Oswald, Jiří ; Kubištová, Jana ; Hulicius, Eduard ; Komninou, Ph. ; Kioseoglou, J. ; Nikitis, F.
GaAsSb is often used as a capping material for InAs quantum dots (QDs) due to its suitable conduction band alignment and suppression of In segregation from QDs during the capping process.We have found out that during the GaAsSb layer growth, Sb atoms segregate above InAs QDs, which is proved by the AFM and HRTEM measurements. For higher amount of Sb in GaAsSb, the measured photoluminescence (PL) has longer wavelength, but if it is too high, the structure may become type II with decreased PL intensity. For thick GaAsSb layer, the PL intensity decreases, because only big QDs participate to the PL.
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