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Material and Energy Utilization of Dry Stabilized Sewage Sludge – Production of Biochar by Medium-Temperature Slow Pyrolysis.
Pohořelý, Michael ; Moško, Jaroslav ; Zach, Boleslav ; Šyc, Michal ; Václavková, Šárka ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Svoboda, Karel ; Skoblia, S. ; Beňo, Z. ; Brynda, J. ; Trakal, L. ; Straka, Pavel ; Bičáková, Olga ; Innemanová, P.
The article summarizes the main properties of biochar produced by medium-temperature slow pyrolysis of anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017071208540 - PDF
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Efficiency of chemical stabilization of a contaminated soil using amorphous manganese oxide
Tomášová, Zdeňka ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Trakal, Lukáš (referee)
Soil contamination by toxic metals and metalloids is currently one of the most discussed topics in the environmental sciences. Chemical stabilization of contaminated soils using amendments such as Fe, Mn and Al oxides belongs to one of the in situ remediation methods. Manganese oxides are naturally present in soils and they exhibit a number of properties for being efficient sorbents of toxic metal(loid)s, such as a low point of zero charge, a large specific surface and a structure that allows ion acceptance. The focus of this thesis is to determine efficiency of chemical stabilization of a smelter-contaminated soil using the amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) under various pH conditions. The agricultural soil polluted by emission from a Pb smelter (located in Příbram, Czech Republic; Pb 1 100 mg/kg, Zn 294 mg/kg, Cd 4.98 mg/kg, As 118 mg/kg and Sb 48.9 mg/kg) was amended with the AMO and incubated for 2 and 6 months. The soil was subsequently subjected to a pH-static leaching procedure in the pH range of 3-8. The presence of AMO in soil increased the soil natural pH from 5.77 to 6.59 and 6.23 after 2 and 6 months, respectively. The pH-static experiments indicated that no effect of the AMO treatment was observed for Cd and Zn, whereas the leaching of other contaminants (As, Cu, Pb, Sb) decreased...
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Sorption and Stabilization of Metals/Mettalloids by Innovative Synthesized Sorbent Amochar.
Ouředníček, P. ; Trakal, L. ; Komárek, M. ; Pohořelý, Michael
Remediation of contaminated soil which is based on stabilization and immobilization of potential\nhazardous substance by sorption materials has been studied intensively nowadays. Biochar – activated organic carbon belongs to this group of stabilizing agents which can adsorb wide range of contaminants, including metals/metalloids. Surface area of the biochars is quite large in general and functional groups (e.g. COO–) can form chelates or alkaline elements on the surface, which is represented by cation exchange capacity. Altogether with the high pH values (7.00 – 10.00), biochars are quite effective sorbents and can adsorb metals/metalloids from the solution (ground water), especially in acidic soils (in the environments affected by intensive mining activities). Sorption\neffectiveness can be increased (especially for As (V) or Cr (VI) sorption) by modification of biochar by various types of secondary oxides. Innovative sorbent AMOchar (AMO + biochar) has been synthesized currently. The product was prepared by adding of biochar to the reaction solution during amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) synthesis. The AMOchar was formed mainly by Mn-oxalates which had coated surface of the pristine biochar. AMOchar composite was able to remove significantly higher amounts of various metal(loid)s from the solution despite the rather high pH of the material. Sorption effectiveness was high not only in case of Pb (II) sorption (almost 99%), and Cd(II) (51.2%), but also a very high amount of As(V), 91.4%. Additionally, both AMOchar composite was able to reduce Mn leaching. This can avoid potential post-contamination caused by the dissolution of less stable Mn-oxalates as observed in the pure AMO.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_22316111113040 - PDF
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Environment impact assessment of the Jezera landfill
Bidrman, Zdeněk ; Trakal, Lukáš (advisor) ; Irena, Irena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of closed landfill Jezera on groundwater quality and environment of its surroundings. The data from the monitoring of the groundwater were analyzed as part of the thesis. Data were evaluated by their arrangement, comparison with legislation limits and commenting trends of pollutant concentrations in time. Carried out research found out the concentration of majority monitored pollutants is decreasing over time, except particular group of substances, especially heavy metals group, whose values are constant over time. Based on learned data, it is possible to claim that carried out landfill protection and its surrounding area was successful. Due to the lucrative locality and increasing pressure on installation of development, it is necessary to consider further observation of groundwater quality in the area and modify the scope of the observed substances according to the assessment carried out.
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Waste management in Klasterec nad Ohri
Bartáková, Michaela ; Trakal, Lukáš (advisor) ; Irena, Irena (referee)
The thesis is focused on waste management issues of the city Klášterec nad Ohri. The work deals with the identification of sites with illegally deposited waste in Klasterec and its surroundings and evaluation of its environmental risk.
So far, there were no studies that would address and assess waste management in the area, and therefore I find the selected topic of the thesis beneficial and innovative.
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Risk element sorption on waste materials from olive oil production
Hovorka, Miloš ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Trakal, Lukáš (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to verify the efficiency of waste material from olive oil production to immobilize risk elements Pb, Cd and Zn in extremely contaminated soil and to verify following hypothesis: application of waste material from olive oil production will limit the availability of risk elements in the soil and also improves a supply of soil available nutrients and biological properties of the soil. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical part (literature review) and experimental part.
The theoretical part contains a general description of the risk elements and their possible harmful effects on living organisms, indicating their possible sources of entry into the environment, describes the behavior of these elements in the soil, especially events that contributes to the retention of soil. Furthermore, there are some possible methods for remediation of soil contaminated with hazardous elements and is described in more detail immobilization technique using soil improvers. In this chapter is devoted to the waste material from olive oil production, whose properties are tested in the experimental part of this work.
The experimental part is focused on verification sorption capability of waste material from olive oil production for selected risk elements. As a waste material has been used dry olive residue (known as DOR), and DOR after remediation of these types of fungi: Penicillium chrysogenum, Coriolopsis floccosa, Bjerkandela adusta and Chondrostereum purpureum. Analytical methods were used to determine the concentrations of the elements, the pH, the point of zero charge (pHpzc), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) for the individual samples representing material DOR and DOR after remediation of certain species of fungi. The preliminary sorption experiment determined sorption efficiency for the elements Cd, Pb and Zn for all the material tested. Stability of the risk element bonds was verified via model desorption experiment. Model laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to assess the potential changes of hazardous elements mobility in the contaminated soil, depending on dose and type of DOR material. At the same time there were determined contents of available proportions of essential elements in the soil. The contents of elements were determined by atomic spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the results analyzed by adequate statistical methods.
Results showed good sorption capacity of the waste material DOR, especially after transformation with different species of fungi, for hazardous elements and particularly Pb, less then Cd and Zn. The desorption experiment, however, showed unstable linkages elements in samples DOR, particularly in the case of Zn, which is also reflected in the incubation experiment. This instability is probably due to the low pH material DOR, therefore it would be useful for further research take into account the increase of pH levels of these samples. In terms of elemental composition appears to be biotransformed DOR as a good source of nutrients. The treatment of thesoil increased accessibility of nutrients such as Cu, Fe and Mn for plants.
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