|
|
Prokop Drtina (1900-1980). The life of a Czech democrat
Koutek, Ondřej ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation is dedicated to a very important Czech official and later politician Prokop Drtina, whose life was closely linked with the development of democracy in Czechoslovakia. The main objective of this thesis is to draw the attention to this unique person and to illustrate the history of Czechoslovakia on his life story. He was bom on 13 April 1900 into a prominent Czech family. His father, František Drtina, was a famous philosopher and a close collaborator of Professor Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Drtina's childhood was very inspiring because he grew up surrounded by then Czech intellectual elite. Y oung Prokop Drtina was conducted by his interest in history and politics to a study of the law faculty in Prague. After studying law, Prokop Drtina started his professional career in the Czech Tax Directorate and his public activities date back to the same time. In 1925, he joined the newly established National Labour Party which, however, totally failed and was disbanded after five years of activity. In 1928, he left it and joined the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party where he stayed to the end of his political career. Prokop Drtina also played an important role in the activities of the prestigious debating club "The Present" ("Přítomnost"). After that, he was also one of the editors of "Democratic...
|
|
|
Czechs and Germans in the Polička's Region in the 20th Century: Regional Probe Into Czech-German Coexistence in the Ethnically Mixed District of Polička
Najbert, Jaroslav ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Kvaček, Robert (referee)
Using a method of regional probing, the diploma work seeks to map the evolution of relations between the Czech majority and the German minority that resided in the former political district of Policka. The analysis concentrates on the period of 1897-1946, with a concentration focusing on the culture of "remembering" and the ways in which both ethnic groups came to divergent interpretations of their mutually-shared history. The author strives to identify the factors that influneced the actions and positions of the local populace during the key political events of 1918, 1938 and 1945. He concentrates not only on the everday interactions between both ethnic groups, but also on the conditions that both groups found themelves in during the so-called "National Confrontation."
|
|
|
The influence of literature on the process of standardising the Kajkavian language region
Jirásek, Karel ; Kvapil, Miroslav (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Vinkler, Jonatan (referee)
The dissertation looks at the influence that literary works have had on the process of the language standardisation of the Croatian Kajkavian language. At the same time it follows the formation of the standard Slovenian language in Slovenian literature. Despite the fact that Kajkavian dialects are neighbours to the Slovenian dialects and are closely related to them, the language standardisation of the Kajkavian and Slovenian languages took place independently of each other, influenced by different historical conditions, and is therefore two separate processes which, however, are subject to the same regularities. The introduction looks at the European context of the formation of literatures in national languages and the fundamental changes that occurred following the expansion of book-printing. In it the author describes the factors that had an impact on the genre composition and literary production in national languages. The expansion of book-printing also caused the need for creating and standardising languages incorporating several dialects over larger territories. In this part the beginnings of Croatian and Slovenian book-printing are discussed and also a comparison is made with the situation in the Czech lands and the German and Italian environment. The main part of the dissertation deals with two...
|
|
|
The action of the Secretariate for the church affairs in selected sectors in the regions of he ČSR in the normalization era
Čadek, Štěpán ; Cuhra, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor)
Primatily on regional character of the (comunist) state church policy focused works you are handing, depicts also the work routine of the church secretaries (CT), who were in the Czech socialistic republik (ČSR) of the normalization era (1969 - 1989) the ones responsible for every step in that sector. Every branch of the state administration has, obviously, its hierarchical structure and in this case we are talking about the department of Ministry of the culture, who se name was The Secretariate for the church (or ecclesiastical) affairs, shortly called SPVc. This bureaau had its deputies by the regional and district state administration, the regional called KNV (regional national comittee), the district ones by the name were ONV (district national comittee). These deputies were profesionally known as referents, also referent for church affairs, but oficially named as was mentioned above, in distinction level as OCT (district) or KCT (region). CT, as we should say, can be seen like an base unit for the supervision above the churches. For this work OCT depended on small army of agents, whose information were so important for the "inner sight" in the actions of the common priests (the reprezentatives - bishops, seniors and so on were still watched by agent s of the secret police and the most prominent of them...
|
|
|
The 1950s and the beginning of 1960s persecution of the Roman Catolic church laymen in the region of Kromeríž
Fričová, Jitka ; Cuhra, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of my thesis is to examine the up to the present not treated topic of the persecution of the lay churchgoers of the region of Kromeríž in the 1950s and in the beginning of 1960s. I will carry out the examination on the basis of available archival sources and literature and I will also endeavor to advert to the consequences of persecution as well as to mention briefly the redress of the persecuted. In the first chapter I evaluate in general the development of the church-state relationship from the 1945 till 1960. I refer to the interferences of the State with the affairs of the Church and I describe the attempts at creating interaction between the State and the Church. I always try to document the whole-state development by regional cases of persecution. In the second chapter I examine the situation of the Church in the region of Kromeríž. The chapter is further concerned with the description of the structure of the Church in this region and I mention the monastic orders and congregations operating there. I have also included the data about the religiousness in the region of Kromeríž in that period, which is essential to the overall picture of the situation. I proceed to deal with the individual cases of persecution. A whole chapter is dedicated to the restrictions imposed upon the teaching of...
|
|
|
Křepenice village in time of collectivization
Macourková, Anna ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Kvaček, Robert (advisor)
In my work I tried to explain the reality of the country in time of collectivization and analyze in more detail, how the collectivization developed and how the orders of Communist Party were executed. I also tried to analyze how the Czech country has changed since the Second World War. For my work I chose village Křepenice in Sedlčany district, which was displaced in time of so - called Protectorate. Collectivization in Czechoslovakia can be divided in two phases. The first phase begins in 1949 after the communist takeover in 1948 and after ratification of the law about the United agricultural association. It was very strong intervention in the life of village population and the end of their personal farming. Farmers were forced to entrance into association. Some of them, which was called kulak, were persecuted, locked in prison and their property was confiscated. The first phase ended in 1953 when the crisis of collectivization broke out. Economic situation of the United agricultural association was bad before 1953 and most of farmers left. Collectivization was more successful in the second phase which began after 1954. In this period farmers were persuaded about good collective idea and majority of them entered into the United agricultural association. Despite of farmers's unconcern and apathy about...
|
|
|
Religious life in Czechoslovak prisons during 1950's
Synek, Jan ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor)
Podstatou každého totalitního režimu je jeho snaha ovládnout lidské životy v celé šíři, donutit každého člověka, aby přijal jeho ideu za vlastní nebo se tak alespoň tvářil. To je samozřejmě požadavek nepřijatelný pro všechny, kteří mají svou vlastní ideu a tato má v jejich životě takřka zásadní význam. Je proto zcela logické, že totalitní režimy vždy a všude narážely a narážejí na náboženské skupiny, které se odmítají podřídit jejich ideologii, neboť tato je v rozporu s jejich vírou a přesvědčením. V tomto zápase ideologií pak jsou většinou představitelé totality donuceni pro slabost svých argumentů své odpůrce perzekuovat. Je potom na odolnosti a vytrvalosti konkrétní církve či jiné náboženské instituce, zda dokáže skutečně setrvat ve svém odporu a nepodlehnout různým perzekucím či naopak úplatkům a lákavým nabídkám na spolupráci. Břímě tohoto rozhodnutí samozřejmě leží na čelných představitelích těchto skupin, kteří sami nemohou tomuto tlaku dlouho vzdorovat, pokud nejde o mimořádně silné osobnosti. Důležité proto je, zda za nimi jejich duchovní a ostatní věřící stojí. Komunistickému režimu, založenému na třídní nenávisti, samozřejmě silně ležel v žaludku křesťanský náboženský systém, založený na lásce k bližnímu. V poúnorovém Československu to byla především katolická církev, která se stala terčem...
|
|
|
Czechoslovakia in 1957 in frame of easter block
Palivodová, Eva ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Kvaček, Robert (advisor)
In 1957 the easter block coped with the crisis of the year 1956, destalinization and with the uprising in Hungary. I tried to observe the particular levels of this coping and consolidation in Czechoslovakia in my thesis. I focused on development of policy, economy and ideology in Czechoslovakia in 1957. I had a respect to the development of social policy, culture and science. I looked at the situation in Czechoslovakia in its territorial and time context. In the first chapter I have written the characteristics of political system in Czechoslovakia in 1957 and described its particular components. Subsequent chapters are sentenced in chronological sequence. There are three main periods in the year 1957: 1. from January to June - it is the period of reaction to Hungarian uprising. 2. from June do September - consolidation of the regime in Czechoslovakia and in Soviet Union. 3. from September to December - the triumph of communistic regimes connected with the launch of the satellite Sputnic 1 and the anniversary of October revolution in 1917 in Russia. I divided these main chapters into smaller sections, which observe the political development, economical development and the development of ideology in these periods.
|
|
|
National socialist party of Czech workers and peasants
Kyselák, Milan ; Hlavačka, Milan (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee)
National socialist Party of Czech workers and peasants (Party of green svastika) was one of important organizations of Czech fascists. The Party operated in the years 1939 - 1942, in the time of Protectorate Czech - Moravia, and included 2,000 members. The Party was dangerous first of all because of its open cooperation with occupation institutions of Nazi Germany. The Party operated especially in Middle and East Moravia, furthermore in Prague. The Party gained its biggest boom in the years 1940 - 1941. The founder and leader of the Party was F. M. Mlcoch from the UhliCice village by Kojetin. He studied service academy in Marburg. After that he was a soldier of the AustroHungarian army, where he defrauded money and escaped abroad. Later he came back to Austro-Hungary, and was punished for what he had done. At the beginning of the First World War Mlcoch entered the army again and fighted at the east front from where he deserted into the captivity of the enemy. He was a legionnaire in Russia for a while, later became a soldier of the Russian Bolshevik's army. After the War he came back to Czechoslovakia, where he entered the Czechoslovakian army for a short time, but was dismissed. He became an active communist and then was involved in the communistic putsch, for which he was sentenced to a half-year...
|
|
|
The history of the Polish-Czechoslovak Solidarity. The relations between of the Czechoslovak and the Polish opposition 1976-1989
Blažek, Petr ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Kaminski, Lukasz (referee) ; Marusiak, Juraj (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the cooperation of Czechoslovak and Polish dissidents during 1970' and 1980'. The Committee for the Defense of Workers and Charta 77 have established relations in the second half of 1970'. Mutual contacts were on different levels: from the support of political prisoners to meetings in Krkonose Mountains in 1978. The cooperation was limited by the actions of security apparatus of both Communist countries. In Czechoslovakia several persons were sentenced to prison for their contacts with the Polish opposition. In the early 1980' the development in Poland and Czechoslovakia was markedly different. In April 1980 was established The Independent Trade Union Solidarity which became the most populous opposition movement in the history of the Soviet Block. The systemic crisis of the Communist regime in Poland had created great insecurity in the Czechoslovak leadership. The result was greater pressure on domestic dissidents. The State Security had controlled also contact between Wroclav Solidarity members and Prague signatories of Charta 77 with the help of secret collaborator Stanislav Dvorak. For this reason the activity of the Wroclav circle had not been developed until the 1984. The different situation had developed since the mid 1980' when the meetings in border mountains were...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.