|
|
Methodology of investigation of crime committed by juveniles (selected issues)
Poláková, Petra ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
57 5. Závěr Toto téma pro svoji diplomovou práci jsem si vybrala zejména proto, že kriminalitu mladistvých považuji za zvlášť závažný problém. Samozřejmě některé faktory již předurčují budoucí kriminalitu mladistvých. V tomto případě se musí včas zasáhnout a zabránit mladistvému v překračování hranice zákona. Na základě informací ze statistik je možno konstatovat, že kriminalita mladistvých má spíše klesající tendenci. Mladiství se pak nejvíce dopouštějí majetkové kriminality. V každé fázi vyšetřování je třeba zohlednit výchovné působení na mladistvého, neboť smyslem trestního stíhání je nejen potrestat mladistvého pachatele za jeho trestnou činnost, ale rovněž i zabránit mu v pokračování jeho kriminální dráhy. Mladistvý si v této etapě svého života vytváří model svého budoucího chování. Jestliže včas pozná, že si zvolil špatnou cestu, v další části svého života se již vyvaruje takového jednání. Význam spatřuji také v tom, že s mladistvými mají jednat osoby, které mají zvláštní průpravu pro zacházení s mládeží. Takové osoby jsou schopné zajistit správné působení na mladistvého, poznat jeho osobnost a příčiny, které jej vedly k trestné činnosti. Z toho, co jsem měla možnost poznat během mé praxe na státním zastupitelství i během studia této problematiky, mohu konstatovat, že s mladistvými skutečně jednají...
|
|
|
The influence of selected environmental and behavioral factors on the degree of sociality in the family Herpestidae
Poláková, Petra ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Mazoch, Vladimír (referee)
Sociality in mongooses (Heprestidae) is a frequently studied characteristic. It is not known which factors modulate the degree of sociality. There are hypotheses about influence of environmental factors (habitat openness, temperature, precipitation). In this thesis we tested the influence of these environmental factors, but we did not discover any relation. Yet we found a strong relation between versatility (ecological valence) and inhabited climate conditions. Sociality could be modified by reproductive parameters (adaptations in greater litter size, longer gestation period and longer lactation period). We discovered relations between sociality (number of individuals in a social group) and gestation period, sociality and lactation period and sociality and litter size. We used phylogenetical correlation and found that the relation between sociality and litter size is not significant. Greater litter size occurs in only one phylogenetical line; hence we consider greater litter size to be not a predisposition, but a result of transition to sociality. It is also not clear what is the ancestral state of sociality and used habitat on the base of the clade. Hypotheses say that the common ancestor of the mongooses was solitary and lived in a closed habitat, but based on our ancestral states reconstruction...
|
|
|
Bullying of pupils in primary school
Poláková, Petra ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Mazáčová, Nataša (referee)
(The thesis has both a theoretical and a research section.) Master thesis' theoretical section examines problems of school bullying, especially defining its term, classification, bullying stages, its effects, the cause of bullying, participants' typology, (victim, aggressor, silent majority) and prevention, etc. The aim of the practical section is to monitor what approaches and strategies are used at the two intentionally chosen school institutions in terms of preventions and solving problems of bullying. The investigation into the problems of pupils who were affected by bullying and who judged their school approach to bullying after some time is very important and being reflected, too. There are these research questions determined: In what extent bullying can be detected at the two intentionally chosen primary schools? What approaches and strategies are used in terms of prevention and tackling the problems of bullying? Which of these approaches are applied the most often? How is the teacher's and school's approach to bullying judged by pupil victims after some time? This part is concerned with collecting data and its processing. The interview method was used to collect data. Key words: bullying, aggression, prevention, bullying effects, bullying stages, bullying diagnosed and addressed, primary school
|
|
|
Arbitration proceeding in consumer disputes in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic
Poláková, Petra ; Macková, Alena (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Arbitration proceeding in consumer disputes in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic Abstract This rigorous thesis deals with the arbitration proceeding in consumer disputes in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic. The aim of this work is to give a comprehensive view of the special nature of arbitration proceeding with a focus on the protection of consumer rights, analyze and evaluate the legislation of this area in the Czech Republic (before excluding the arbitration proceeding in consumer disputes in the Czech Republic) and the Slovak Republic. The thesis consists of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The introduction is followed by the first chapter, which defines the concept and legal nature of arbitration proceeding, describes in detail its basic principles, advantages, disadvantages and types of arbitration proceeding. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the definition of consumer and entrepreneur in both countries, the concept of consumer relations, the principles and reasons leading to consumer protection in arbitration proceeding and arbitration in terms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the European Union, constitutional aspects of arbitration in The Czech Republic and the Consumer Protection Act in Act No. 89/2012 Coll.,...
|
|
|
Perception of beauty of mammals in Prague ZOO: Influence of respondents' age and education
Poláková, Petra ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee)
1 Abstract Every year, the number of species considered as endangered increases, especially due to human activities. Nowadays, captive breeding in zoological gardens becomes an option for their survival in refugees. Zoological gardens function as so-called "Noah's Ark", which has the potential to shelter a large amount of individuals from many species. In the future, this opportunity may give us a chance to reintroduce a species that disappeared in the nature. There are many factors influencing which species will be selected to be kept in zoos, e.g., the IUCN status, taxonomical uniqueness, availability, etc., but it was found that especially the size of the animal and the human aesthetic preferences affect the selection. However, every group of animals is evaluated independently in the terms of beauty, and thus, it is necessary to detect these rules and then to apply them to conservation projects. This thesis examines the factors that influence human aesthetic preferences to mammals, both in terms of the characteristics of animals (their colour and morphology), and in terms of human factors (gender, age, education, residence). It was found that especially the pattern, saturation and overall lightness of the animal affect the evaluation of beauty in mammals. On the other hand, dark colours are evaluated...
|
|
|
Bullying of pupils in primary school
Poláková, Petra ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Mazáčová, Nataša (referee)
(The thesis has both a theoretical and a research section.) Master thesis' theoretical section examines problems of school bullying, especially defining its term, classification, bullying stages, its effects, the cause of bullying, participants' typology, (victim, aggressor, silent majority) and prevention, etc. The aim of the practical section is to monitor what approaches and strategies are used at the two intentionally chosen school institutions in terms of preventions and solving problems of bullying. The investigation into the problems of pupils who were affected by bullying and who judged their school approach to bullying after some time is very important and being reflected, too. There are these research questions determined: In what extent bullying can be detected at the two intentionally chosen primary schools? What approaches and strategies are used in terms of prevention and tackling the problems of bullying? Which of these approaches are applied the most often? How is the teacher's and school's approach to bullying judged by pupil victims after some time? This part is concerned with collecting data and its processing. The interview method was used to collect data. Key words: bullying, aggression, prevention, bullying effects, bullying stages, bullying diagnosed and addressed, primary school
|
|
|
The influence of selected environmental and behavioral factors on the degree of sociality in the family Herpestidae
Poláková, Petra ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Mazoch, Vladimír (referee)
Sociality in mongooses (Heprestidae) is a frequently studied characteristic. It is not known which factors modulate the degree of sociality. There are hypotheses about influence of environmental factors (habitat openness, temperature, precipitation). In this thesis we tested the influence of these environmental factors, but we did not discover any relation. Yet we found a strong relation between versatility (ecological valence) and inhabited climate conditions. Sociality could be modified by reproductive parameters (adaptations in greater litter size, longer gestation period and longer lactation period). We discovered relations between sociality (number of individuals in a social group) and gestation period, sociality and lactation period and sociality and litter size. We used phylogenetical correlation and found that the relation between sociality and litter size is not significant. Greater litter size occurs in only one phylogenetical line; hence we consider greater litter size to be not a predisposition, but a result of transition to sociality. It is also not clear what is the ancestral state of sociality and used habitat on the base of the clade. Hypotheses say that the common ancestor of the mongooses was solitary and lived in a closed habitat, but based on our ancestral states reconstruction...
|
|
|
Methodology of investigation of crime committed by juveniles (selected issues)
Poláková, Petra ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
57 5. Závěr Toto téma pro svoji diplomovou práci jsem si vybrala zejména proto, že kriminalitu mladistvých považuji za zvlášť závažný problém. Samozřejmě některé faktory již předurčují budoucí kriminalitu mladistvých. V tomto případě se musí včas zasáhnout a zabránit mladistvému v překračování hranice zákona. Na základě informací ze statistik je možno konstatovat, že kriminalita mladistvých má spíše klesající tendenci. Mladiství se pak nejvíce dopouštějí majetkové kriminality. V každé fázi vyšetřování je třeba zohlednit výchovné působení na mladistvého, neboť smyslem trestního stíhání je nejen potrestat mladistvého pachatele za jeho trestnou činnost, ale rovněž i zabránit mu v pokračování jeho kriminální dráhy. Mladistvý si v této etapě svého života vytváří model svého budoucího chování. Jestliže včas pozná, že si zvolil špatnou cestu, v další části svého života se již vyvaruje takového jednání. Význam spatřuji také v tom, že s mladistvými mají jednat osoby, které mají zvláštní průpravu pro zacházení s mládeží. Takové osoby jsou schopné zajistit správné působení na mladistvého, poznat jeho osobnost a příčiny, které jej vedly k trestné činnosti. Z toho, co jsem měla možnost poznat během mé praxe na státním zastupitelství i během studia této problematiky, mohu konstatovat, že s mladistvými skutečně jednají...
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.