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Teaching chemistry at high school - experimental part, proposals of chemical experiments suitable for chemical education at high school
Boguschová, Veronika ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The experiment is an integral part of chemistry education. The use of food and natural materials effectively connects chemistry learning with everyday life. Suitable foods for this purpose are, for example, lentil-shaped candies (lentils). There are lentils from many manufacturers on the market, differing in the types of dyes used. The dyes used are both natural and synthetic. The diverse properties of these dyes allow the use of lentils for teaching different topics in chemistry. Lentils coloured with natural dyes can be used for laboratory exercises focusing on pH and acid-base indicators. In combination with experiments with extracts from natural materials, they can also be used to teach qualitative analysis and UV-VIS spectroscopy. In the diploma thesis, two laboratory exercises were designed on the analysis of dyes used in the food industry, which were later validated on secondary school students Synthetic dyes often differ in their polarity, which can be used in laboratory exercises focused on separation methods, specifically in this work for teaching chromatography and extraction. For these purposes yellow, green and blue synthetically coloured lentils are used. Proposed laboratory exercise has also been validated with secondary school students. Methodological guidelines were written for the...
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Materials to support teaching of organic chemistry at high school - carboxylic acids
Dřevínek, Martin ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Teplá, Milada (referee)
Carboxylic acids belong to a widely represented group of substances in organic chemistry. Their common occurrence in nature or interference in human lives makes them a very important group. The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the creation of new didactic materials specifically on the topic of Carboxylic acids for teachers and students at high schools. The theoretical part is made up of literature review, such as curricular documents, selected high school textbooks, online resources and previous final theses focusing on the topic of carboxylic acids. In the practical part, didactic materials were created for the given topic, such as a PowerPoint presentation, a worksheet for practice or a study text for pupils.
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Effective Using of Non-chemical Videos in Chemistry Teaching
Horálek, Vlastimil ; Distler, Petr (advisor) ; Petrželová, Simona (referee)
This bachelor thesis, named Effective Using of Non-chemical Videos in Chemistry Teaching, presents a literature review that is focused on the positive effects of using videos in education and rules that must be considered to fulfill their educational potential. Using videos in education is suitable due to their visual side and attractivity for students, their main benefit is their ability to show abstract topics in a real-life context. It is necessary to edit the video and to connect it with activities and worksheets. Based on the literature review and three non- chemical videos, activities were designed and worksheets were created. The activities and the worksheets were tested in Chemistry lessons and evaluated by the students. Their feedback was used to modify the activities and the worksheets into their final form, which is a part of the bachelor thesis. Key words video in education, teaching of Chemistry, non-chemical videos, activating methods
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Selection and development of educational materials for high school support webpage www.studiumchemie.cz
Zaspalová, Jana ; Šmejkal, Petr (advisor) ; Petrželová, Simona (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with selection, design and creation of new education materials for high school teacher supporting webpage www.studiumchemie.cz. The selection of the proper theme was done on the basis of research and evaluation of recent materials on the mentioned webpage and materials created at the Department of chemical education of Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague. Preliminarily, the themes of synthetic macromolecular materials and new materials were selected. The convenience of the selected themes was confirmed by research and evaluation concerned to the preliminarily selected theme of recent high school textbooks and webpages. Consequently, educational materials in the form of PowerPoint presentations, websites, worksheets, tests, games and experiments focused on the themes of synthetic macromolecular substances and new materials were created. Materials were processed in accordance with the Framework Education Programme for Secondary General Education (Grammar Schools) as well as in accordance with the requirements of the Catalogue of graduation exam requirements from chemistry. The PowerPoint presentation and the webpage on synthetic macromolecular materials were roughly evaluated by group of teachers and the results of the evaluation are also part of the thesis....
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Chemical experiments in high school education - design of experiments focusing on color chemistry
Škutová, Vendula ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Teplý, Pavel (referee)
Chemical experiments are an important part of high school chemistry education. The main advantage of chemical experiments is fact that pupils effectively connect their theoretical knowledge with what they can see. Furthermore, pupils' competencies improve. This bachelor thesis focuses on experiments with blue colored chemicals which can be easily obtained. Chemicals used in these experiments are common compounds found in school laboratories or easily obtainable food, beverages etc. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis contains information about structure and chemical properties of the chemicals which make a basis for experiments mentioned in the practical part. Additionally, experiments described in the practical part, which were designed and performed, are based on most known experiments with the chemicals described in the theoretical part. Further description of these experiments and their photo documentation can be found in the practical part, too. Evaluation of these experiments involves their integration into thematically focused worksheet. Four thematically focused worksheets were created according to the national curriculum of the Czech Republic for grammar schools (RVP G) and to the school curriculum of Gymnázium Botičská (ŠVP).
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Proposal of chemical experiments suitable for secondary school education
Böckl, Tomáš ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Teplá, Milada (referee)
The most enjoyable part of Chemistry as a subject in High school was, is, and always will be working in a laboratory, where all experiments are performed by the pupils. Chemical experiments with an easily accessible raw material such as pills of Spirulina and Chlorella are expected to increase the interest of students. For this Bachelor's work, experiments were designed and the task was performed utilizing commercial sources of Spirulina and Chlorella, which are sold as food supplements and considered to be superfoods nowadays due to their high protein content. In this Bachelor's work attention is paid to the pigments that Spirulina and Chlorella contain. The main topic of this work are pigments, which are mentioned in the context of Organic Chemistry lessons in the RVP G documents. First, experiments with these pigments were performed, namely their extraction with various solvents and chromatography. Subsequently, it was determined by HPLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy which pigments are extracted with which solvent. Based on these results, materials suitable for teaching chemistry at secondary schools were created, especially on the topic of separation methods and polarity of substances. Two laboratory works suitable for the IBSE teaching method were proposed, as well as a worksheet Keywords:...
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Integrated Curriculum and Interdisciplinary Approach in Chemistry and Biology in Czech Schools
Kotvaltová Sezemská, Karolína ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Čížková, Věra (referee) ; Bayerová, Anna (referee)
The topic of this thesis concerns the interdisciplinary approach in teaching chemistry and biology at Czech grammar schools. Especially with two main questions: the determination of the level of integration that secondary school teachers prefer and how to promote an interdisciplinary approach at grammar schools. The following main objectives were established: find out which level of integration of science subjects is preferred by Czech teachers for secondary schools level, identify the main obstacles of implementation of integration, find out the factors which can help with the integration of knowledge, create support for interdisciplinary approach at Czech grammar schools. In order to achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey among secondary school teachers and interviews with the academic staff of the Faculty of Science of Charles University were carried out. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that respondents prefer to preserve separate subjects with an emphasis on interdisciplinary relationships. The main restriction of integration is that similar topics in chemistry and biology are not taught in the same period, insufficient knowledge of the second subject or lack of learning materials. The main factor which can help with more frequent integration is learning materials. As...
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Acid-base equilibria and tautomerism of nucleobases
Kovács, Jakub ; Dračínská, Helena (advisor) ; Petrželová, Simona (referee)
Nucleic acids and their components belong to the most important molecules essential for life. Hydrogen atom migration across the skeleton of purine or pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids gives rise to their various tautomeric forms. Furthermore, depending on pH of the medium, these bases might become protonated or deprotonated. Protonation/deprotonation of nucleic acid bases is involved in many biochemical processes. These include mainly regulation of replication and gene expression by means of specific secondary structure stabilization or acid- base catalysis of phosphodiester backbone cleavage. Additionally, secondary structures that include ionized bases are also associated with various genetic diseases. However, protonation and deprotonation are very fast dynamic processes and their experimental detection is difficult. Therefore, this work focuses on development of reliable method for relatively fast detection of pyrimidine base derivates primary protonation site. At first, pyrimidine bases with protonation site determined by structure were analyzed in both neutral and ionized state using NMR spectroscopy. In the next step, NMR parameters for both neutral and ionized forms were calculated using quantum-chemical computational methods. Computational method was optimized to produce results which...
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Chemical experiments with natural compounds oriented on education.
Opatová, Michala ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Trnka, Tomáš (referee) ; Svoboda, Lubomír (referee)
Inclusion of experiments into tuition of chemistry is required and a topic of natural compounds enables combination of chemistry with biology and subjects of common life. This dissertation concerns experiments with natural compounds, their utilization within project education at educational and popularizing events which are held by Charles University in Prague. Researches of selected secondary textbooks and professional publications are parts of the thesis. A questionnaire survey is also included on which basis opinions of secondary teachers were evaluated. A collection of instruction in the experiments was prepared. The main part of the thesis is focused on detailed desription of experiments supplemented with pictures and information about selected natural compounds. A proposal to educational excursions focused on natural compounds and project tuition is also included. The whole thesis bring a new look into experiments with natural compounds in sense of searching individual compounds in blends, discovering composition of food processing products not only by chromatography.
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Carbohydrates - learning materials for high schools
Strejčková, Michaela ; Šulcová, Renata (advisor) ; Petrželová, Simona (referee)
Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra učitelství a didaktiky chemie Carbohydrates - leasing materials for high schools Bc. Michaela Strejčková mstrejckova@seznam.cz In my thesis the theory of creating some teaching methods was applied and on this basis some of the methods have been constructed. A chapter "Carbohydrates"for secondary school text book of chemistry, a PowerPoint presentation, supplemented methodical notes for teachers, proposal of laboratory exercises and educational games for teaching theme of "Carbohydrates" have been designed in this thesis. I also prepared test and I tested students of a grammar school twice in a six week period and compared their results.
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