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Islam in the society of Ferghana valley during the tsarist and Soviet governments
Exnerová, Věra ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
Tématem disertační práce se stala analýza vývoje islámu ve společnosti Ferganské doliny za carského a sovětského režimu. Cílem práce je odpovědět na otázku, jakou roli hrál islám v místní společnosti po více než sto letech ruské nadvlády a jaký význam měl v chápání jednotlivců a jejich jednání v rámci vztahů v rodině a místní komunitě. Práce si také klade za cíl podnítit nový metodologický přístup k problematice islámu ve Střední Asii za carské a sovětské vlády a ukázat, že pro pochopení vývoje v oblasti je potřeba analyzovat nejen politiku vůči islámu, ale i společenské a hospodářské změny a jejich vliv na místní muslimskou komunitu. Záměrem práce je rovněž v českém a mezinárodním kontextu přispět ke kvalitnějšímu výzkumu vývoje islámu v současné Střední Asii, pro nějž je zasazení do historického kontextu zásadní. Za předmět analýzy byla vybrána Ferganská dolina, jedno z center islámu v oblasti Střední Asie. Toto téměř souvisle osídlené úrodné údolí poskytuje jedinečnou možnost analyzovat vliv carské a především sovětské politiky na příkladu oblasti, kde hrála místní muslimská komunita po staletí zásadní roli nejen v náboženském, ale i ve společenském a hospodářském životě. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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State regulation of prostitution in Egypt (1798-1952). Application of the French and British system of reglementation
Kučerová, Andrea ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Veselý, Rudolf (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
The dissertation thesis examines the system of state regulated policing of prostitution based on police control and medical examination of prostitutes that originated in France at the turn of the 19th century and provided subsequently in the second half of the 19th century an inspiration for other European countries. Great Britain approached the French system of the so called reglementation of prostitution during the 1860s when the state regulation of prostitution was applied in several British garrison towns and ports. Afterwards in 1880s Great Britain applied the system of reglementation of prostitution also in occupied Egypt. The thesis traces the system of state regulation of prostitution from its birth in France, through its application in Great Britain and examines its progress to the final implementation in Egypt. It also portrays the atmosphere in the society that accompanied the application of reglementation in the above mentioned countries. The first chapter examines the birth of the state regulated prostitution in France and follows its progress through the 19th century till the time when reglementation started to be challenged by an intensified antiregulationist campaign. The second chapter deals with the application of the French system on the British soil that stirred up the growing feminist...
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Muslims in contemporary Spain and the Spanish official Islam
Břeská, Jana ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Gombár, Eduard (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
Islam has always been an integral part of the Spanish reality. After eight centuries of Muslim al-Andalus, Catholic Spain maintained its connection with the Islamic world through war, trade or diplomatic contacts that led to the colonial adventure in northwestern Africa in the first half of the 20th century. The Spanish transition to democracy converted the country from an emigration country into a destination of immigration; mostly the Moroccan economically motivated one. The historic experience and the number of Muslims on the national territory led also to the legal recognition of Islam's presence in Spain (1989) as a fundamental requirement for negotiating an agreement for cooperation between the Muslim community and the Spanish state. The legal framework (Constitution of 1978, Religious Freedom Act, Aliens' Act, Asylum Act) gives indigenous, naturalized and immigrant Muslims in Spain a possibility to create associations and the Registry of religious entities (Ministry of Justice), established in the consequence of the approbation of the Religious freedom act, provides the religious Islamic associations with the status of legal person. The Islamic associational process in Spain started at the end of the 60's and has passed through different legal phases, from basic associations, through the hierarchical...
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Changing perceptions of waqf in the Egyptian society (1805-1953)
Melčák, Miroslav ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
Waqf (pI. 'awqi() emerged in the first century after the birth of Islam, and spread to the whole of the Middle East to become one of the most distinctive features of its societies. Although waqfs played many different socio-economic roles, their significance has up to now usually been described by means of the dichotomic concept distinguishing between waqf chayri (charitable endowment) and waqf 'ahli (family endowment), the first having been established as a kind of charity to provide free social services to the population (mainly mosques and madrasas), the latter as a tool for evading inheritance rules (ilm al-jarii'i), which, if applied, would cause the fragmentation of properties into uneconomical units. This concept originated in the period of the 19th and 20th centuries when the new legislation was beeing produced in Middle East countries to restrain waqf as an obstacle to social and economic progress. The thesis traces a history of this dichotomic concept in the context of modem Egypt. First it discusses the waqf policy of Mul).ammad cAli in the first half of the 19th century, then the development of the central waqfbureau up to the end of the 19th century, and the process of conferring property rights to the land which caused an unprecedented expansion of family-like endowments during the first half...
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The Lands of the Free: Thailand in the Foreign Policy of the United States, 1945-1975
Bečka, Jan ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
The PhD. dissertation The Lands of the Free: Thailand in the Foreign Policy of the United States, 1945-1975 deals with the relationship between Thailand and the United States in the era of Cold War and of the bipolar division of the world. In the years following World War II, Thailand (previously also known as Siam) became one of the main allies of the United States in Southeast Asia. Thailand sent military units to fight in the Korean War, joined the SEATO pact and repeatedly declared her willingness to support the struggle against the spreading of communism in Southeast Asia, which was the major objective of the policy of the United States in the region in this particular time period. The relationship between both countries, however, had started to develop already before World War II and the subsequent emergence of the bipolar world order. When analyzing and assessing the dynamics of the relationship between the United States and Thailand after 1945, it is thus necessary to take into account not only the immediate concerns and priorities of Washington and Bangkok, but also the long-standing trends and underlying tendencies and currents in their foreign policy, as well as socio-cultural factors of this relationship. It is beyond any doubt that the Cold War has played a crucial role in forging and...
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Political awakening of Islam (Middle East, uneven modernization and the rise of political Islam)
Černý, Karel ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The study deals with roots of (a) rise of political tensions and (b) roots of rise of political Islam (from Muslim Brotherhood and Turkish AKP up to militant Islamic organizations) in the Middle East in the second half of the 20th century. So it deals with conflict between corrupt and highly unpopular political and economical elite and its challengers recruiting from Islamic movements. The basic roots of this conflict and rise of political Islam are seen in highly uneven modernization process: (1) very rapid social and demographic change (urbanization, media expansion, demographic transition, and educational system expansion), (2) slow going and unstable economic development and (3) unchanging political subsystem. This uneven and deformed Middle Eastern modernization pattern is in detail documented by empirical macro-indicators. It is systematically compared with the modernization process in other post-colonial world macro-regions as well as with early European modernization which was accompanied by sharp social conflict, however dominated by rival secular ideologies. The Middle Eastern highly uneven pattern of modernization is under way in the context of discredited secular ideologies and in the context of Islamic religion with its political relevant imaginary, concepts and symbolism as well as...
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The Transformation Process in Algeria (1988 - 1999)
Beránek, Zdeněk ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
- Transformační proces v Alžírsku (1988-1999) Předkládaná práce analyzuje politické změny v Alžírsku po roce 1988, kdy byl po nepokojích v hlavním městě zahájen liberalizační proces a urychleny ekonomické tržní reformy. Politické reformy měly posílit postavení prezidenta Bendžedída a jeho spojenců na úkor konzervativních oponentů a zároveň obnovit legitimitu režimu. Autoři reforem každopádně nepočítali s výraznějším sdílením moci. Nečekaný úspěch islamistické strany mobilizoval konzervativce a protiislamisticky zaměřené armádní velení. Zrušení voleb kvůli jednoznačnému vítězství islamistů v lednu 1992 vedlo k eliminaci islamistické i sekulární opozice. Obnovený autoritářský režim dokázal dostat pod kontrolu islamistické povstání a s pomocí MMF i kritickou ekonomickou situaci. Návrat k ústavnímu režimu proběhl bez účasti islamistické i sekulární opozice, která byla fragmentovaná a režim ji dokázal částečně kontrolovat. Po roce 1996 byl nastolen autoritářský režim s omezenými pluralitními prvky s dominantním postavením prezidenta, které je však oslabováno výrazným vlivem armádního velení. Politické strany mohou působit, ale jejich vliv je omezen. Jisté limity má i svoboda tisku. Došlo k posílení soukromého sektoru, postavení státu je však stále výrazné a ekonomika je závislá na vývozu ropy a zemního...
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Changing perceptions of waqf in the Egyptian society (1805-1953)
Melčák, Miroslav ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
Waqf (pI. 'awqi() emerged in the first century after the birth of Islam, and spread to the whole of the Middle East to become one of the most distinctive features of its societies. Although waqfs played many different socio-economic roles, their significance has up to now usually been described by means of the dichotomic concept distinguishing between waqf chayri (charitable endowment) and waqf 'ahli (family endowment), the first having been established as a kind of charity to provide free social services to the population (mainly mosques and madrasas), the latter as a tool for evading inheritance rules (ilm al-jarii'i), which, if applied, would cause the fragmentation of properties into uneconomical units. This concept originated in the period of the 19th and 20th centuries when the new legislation was beeing produced in Middle East countries to restrain waqf as an obstacle to social and economic progress. The thesis traces a history of this dichotomic concept in the context of modem Egypt. First it discusses the waqf policy of Mul).ammad cAli in the first half of the 19th century, then the development of the central waqfbureau up to the end of the 19th century, and the process of conferring property rights to the land which caused an unprecedented expansion of family-like endowments during the first half...
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Muslims in contemporary Spain and the Spanish official Islam
Břeská, Jana ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Gombár, Eduard (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
Islam has always been an integral part of the Spanish reality. After eight centuries of Muslim al-Andalus, Catholic Spain maintained its connection with the Islamic world through war, trade or diplomatic contacts that led to the colonial adventure in northwestern Africa in the first half of the 20th century. The Spanish transition to democracy converted the country from an emigration country into a destination of immigration; mostly the Moroccan economically motivated one. The historic experience and the number of Muslims on the national territory led also to the legal recognition of Islam's presence in Spain (1989) as a fundamental requirement for negotiating an agreement for cooperation between the Muslim community and the Spanish state. The legal framework (Constitution of 1978, Religious Freedom Act, Aliens' Act, Asylum Act) gives indigenous, naturalized and immigrant Muslims in Spain a possibility to create associations and the Registry of religious entities (Ministry of Justice), established in the consequence of the approbation of the Religious freedom act, provides the religious Islamic associations with the status of legal person. The Islamic associational process in Spain started at the end of the 60's and has passed through different legal phases, from basic associations, through the hierarchical...
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State regulation of prostitution in Egypt (1798-1952). Application of the French and British system of reglementation
Kučerová, Andrea ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Veselý, Rudolf (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
The dissertation thesis examines the system of state regulated policing of prostitution based on police control and medical examination of prostitutes that originated in France at the turn of the 19th century and provided subsequently in the second half of the 19th century an inspiration for other European countries. Great Britain approached the French system of the so called reglementation of prostitution during the 1860s when the state regulation of prostitution was applied in several British garrison towns and ports. Afterwards in 1880s Great Britain applied the system of reglementation of prostitution also in occupied Egypt. The thesis traces the system of state regulation of prostitution from its birth in France, through its application in Great Britain and examines its progress to the final implementation in Egypt. It also portrays the atmosphere in the society that accompanied the application of reglementation in the above mentioned countries. The first chapter examines the birth of the state regulated prostitution in France and follows its progress through the 19th century till the time when reglementation started to be challenged by an intensified antiregulationist campaign. The second chapter deals with the application of the French system on the British soil that stirred up the growing feminist...
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