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Perceptions of Justice in Postmodern Societies
Heráčková, Lucie ; Mazák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
Lucie Heráčková Abstract Factors for interpreting the social world as just The concept of justice refers to the interrelationship between the individual and the general welfare. However, the concept of "justice" is not clearly defined in sociology. According to Emile Durkheim, justice is a state that is required by social groups to maintain cohesion. Scheonfeld & Mestrovic (1989) argue that justice can be seen as equivalent to Durkheim's solidarity given that the means for acquiring justice are important for maintaining solidarity in society. Modern sociology often distinguishes between distributive and procedural justice (Šanderová, 2017), the former noting the perceived fairness of the resulting distribution of rewards and sanctions, while the latter the fairness of the process that leads to this distribution. For distributive justice, it may be analytically important to distinguish between the level of distribution of goods (who receives valuable resources and for what) and the distribution of sanctions (how and who will be punished if they act against the common good) (Šanderová, 2017). A situation where an individual's perception of justice is positive is a desirable phenomenon for the maintenance of social order. Conversely, a negative perception of justice promotes alternative actions and becomes a...
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Factors related to the eco-certified clothing and textile consumer behaviour
Petty, Silvia ; Richter, Eva (advisor) ; Mazák, Jaromír (referee)
This Master's thesis analyses purchasing behaviour in relation to eco-certified sustainable clothing and verifies the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model and its expansions and identifies socio-psychological factors determining the decision-making when purchasing eco-certified clothing in the Czech environment. A comparison of the TPB model and extended models showed that the TPB model itself, consisting of attitude towards purchase, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control as determinants of intention, has worse results compared to the extended model, therefore, in order to explain the intention to purchase eco-certified clothing, its expansion with other variables is appropriate. The extended TPB model showed that other factors are also determining the intention. By adding additional variables to the model, the perceived behavioural control lost statistical significance at the 95% significance level. With a greater interest in the origin of fashion and environmentally friendly behaviour, a growing subjective norm, with greater knowledge of certificates and with a better attitude towards the purchase of certified clothing, the intention to purchase such clothing is growing. The model extended by sociodemographic variables did not show a statistically significant...
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Changes in the transition to inclusive education from the perspective of teachers in primary schools
Zrůstková, Jana ; Mazák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Spitzerová, Markéta (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Changes in the transition to inclusive education from the perspective of primary school teachers" aims to map the functioning of inclusive education from the perspective of teachers, focus on personal experiences of teachers and bring new knowledge in imperfections that complicate the application of inclusive education system in primary schools. The work is divided into two parts, the theoretical part and the empirical part. The theoretical part contains key concepts related to inclusive education, outlines some important aspects in the transition of mainstream primary schools. This part also describes the roles of individual actors of the inclusive school and their mutual connections. The empirical part deals with research methodology, analysis and interpretation of obtained data. In this part, the opinions of individual cantors are mapped and it aims to bring knowledge in the field of joint education of children in primary schools. The research was inspired by phenomenological research and therefore uses a semi-structured interview that seeks to understand the phenomenon of inclusion from the perspective of a primary school teacher. Keywords Inclusion, inclusive education, elemetary school, pupil with special educational needs, teacher
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Employer of last resort
Hausknecht, Filip ; Mazák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Sieber, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with the introduction of the Employer of Last Instance (ELR) in the context of the Czech Republic. It focuses on the impacts this introduction would have on employment standards, informal economy and discrimination in the labour market. The ELR is set in the wider context of the theory and development of the welfare state and the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). ELR is also compared with other "last resort" concepts in the field of energetics (supplier of last resort) or banking (lender of last resort). This thesis identifies the potential opportunities and pitfalls of the introduction of ELR in the Czech Republic on the basis of an analysis of the government employment policy, the recent years' labour market situation and experiences with ELR from abroad. Keywords employer of last resort, modern monetary theory, welfare state, unemployment, right to work, labour market, employment policy
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Structure of motivational factors for vaccination against COVID-19
Šiková, Hana ; Diviák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mazák, Jaromír (referee)
Structure of motivational factors for vaccination against COVID-19: abstract Bc. et Bc. Hana Šiková This thesis studies the structure of motives for receiving the vaccine against the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, which caused a pandemic beginning in 2020. A survey was conducted on a representative sample of the Czech population available online aged 18-64. Networks were con- structed using partial correlations. On these networks, centralities of motives (represented by nodes) were measured (strength, betweenness, closeness, and Expected Influence). It found that groups based on socio-demographic char- acteristics did not differ from each other, while groups defined by their time of registration for the vaccine did differ significantly. Four groups of motives were identified with factor analysis: vaccine benefits, outside forces, medi- cal assessment, and accessibility. In the networks, however, there was little tendency for clustering, suggesting well connected belief systems. Generally, a central motive was the belief that vaccination is generally a right thing to do, combined with a recommendation from a medical authority. The vacci- nation decision of people around had no influence in the system of motives. Results of this and similar studies can be used for effective targeting of future vaccine...
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The Comparison of Selected Social Movement Organizations
Kotálová, Marie ; Mazák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Sládek, Jan (referee)
Title of the Bachelor's Thesis: Comparison of Selected Social Movement Organizations Abstract: This bachelor thesis compares the social movement organizations on the basis of the resource mobilization theory. In relation to the resources, organizations use various strategies. Aim of this thesis is to identify similarities and differences in the strategies that organization use in relation to selected resources. This thesis focuses on material resources, human resources and the Internet. The theoretical part introduces the issue of civil society and civil society organizations. The largest part is devoted to the theory of resource mobilization, including the specification of individual types of resources and followed by a description of selected organization strategies. In the empirical part is made a comparative analysis of selected social movement organizations. To achieve the objective it was chosen a method of semi-structured interviews with representatives of selected organizations. Key words: Civil society, social movements, resource mobilization, material resources, human resources, Internet, fundraising, commercialization, professionalization
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Civil Society and its Agency in the Political Process
Mazák, Jaromír ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee) ; Frič, Pavol (referee)
(EN) Civil society is made up of committed individuals, non-governmental non-profit organizations, their employees, volunteers, and other supporters, as well as relations among these actors. Civil society activities include community development, advancement of leisure and professional interests, services to vulnerable groups, as well as efforts to intervene in the political process and to support certain legislation and systemic change. This work focuses on the latter, i.e. the ways how civil society actors influence the political process. In the introductory chapter I present an overview of the current research of civil society and political activism in the Czech Republic and other post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In this chapter, I identify five central propositions that can be formulated on the basis of existing scientific discussion and I subject them to a critical assessment. In addition, I argue that against the backdrop of the discussion, two streams of literature can be distinguished which differ in their assessment of civil society's quality in Central and Eastern Europe. I try to clarify the reasons for these contradictions. In the second chapter I offer an overview of social movements theories, thus completing the theoretical basis for the empirical part of this...
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Problematics of the work of the peer consultants in the field of mental health care
Bártová, Anna ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Mazák, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of the presented work is to present problematic aspects of the work of peer consultants in the field of mental health care, i.e., in psychiatric hospitals, social services and leisure clubs. The theoretical part will present the context from which the position grows and comes- the concept of mental illness and stigmatization of mental illness, as well as the project of deinstituonalization of the mental health care system. The theoretical part of the work is then concluded with an introduction to the position of the peer consultant. In the practical part I deal with the problematic aspects themselves by the means of semi-structured interviews. Aspects such as the scope of work of the peer consultant, experience with colleagues and clients, requirements for the position, the topic of the future and the work procedure and finally also the issue of the legislative anchoring of this position. Key words: mental illness, stigmatization, peer support, peer mentor, social works, psychiatric care, Centre for mental health care development, deinstitutionalisation
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The influence of school on the evaluation of life satisfaction of young people
Spitzerová, Markéta ; Mazák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Sládek, Jan (referee)
and keywords in English The diploma thesis deals with the relationship between pupils' overall life satisfaction and school climate. In this work school climate is represented by four aspects: pupils' sense of security, social relations at school, school success and career planning. Another question which has been analysed is whether the pupils' life satisfaction is affected by the type of school. The relationships were verified on the data from the PISA survey from 2018 using hierarchical linear models. A significant association between the type of school and the pupils' overall life satisfaction has been present only when there were no other variables in the model that would describe the school climate. Another important phenomenon is a relationship between pupils' overall life satisfaction and relationships at school (not only with classmates, but also with teachers). Model 2 shows that good relationships with classmates and teachers could also be a weak moderator of the relationship between the negative experience of bullying and pupils' life satisfaction. In the analysis a positive association between academic achievements and life satisfaction was identified only when the academic achievements were represented by marks, not by the average reading literacy score. In this work the conclusions...
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The transformation of religion after the Second World War and the proposal of religiosity measuring method in the Czech Republic
Machač, Jakub ; Mazák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with religion in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question of how the role of religion in the Czech Republic changed after the Second World War and which indicators to use to measure religiosity. First, the text focuses on theories of the sociology of religion and the major functions of religion. It also deals with the image of religion in the Czech Republic and its history from the end of Second World War to the present. It describes the Czech sociology of religion and the research of religiosity realized in the country. The second half of the work is devoted to the analysis of variables used in religiosity research both in the Czech Republic and in international research such as EVS, WVS or ISSP. In the last part the thesis focuses on the selection and design of questions that aim to capture Czech religiosity as accurately as possible including its specifics. Such questions can then be used either as part of a larger questionnaire or as an independent questionnaire focused only on religiosity.
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