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Durkheim's Sociology as a Political Project
Maršálek, Jan ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Ce travail compte parmi ceux où l'auteur s'engage à une relecture originale des auteurs classiques. Ainsi, l'auteur reprend l'oeuvre d'Emile Durkheim pour donner une interprétation politique de ce qu'il appelle le projet sociologique durkheimien. Une mise en parallèle de la définition durkheimienne du fait social et de la réinterprétation faite par Giorgio Agamben du concept foucaldien de « dispositif », lui sert dans cette entreprise de point de départ. Dans le premier temps, l'auteur revois quelques travaux qui mettent eux-mêmes l'accent sur la dimension politique des écrits de Durkheim (notamment celui d'Aron, Giddens et Lacroix). Or ces lectures ne lui permettent pas de retrouver le niveau d'analyse annoncé dans la première partie du travail. Il se tourne alors vers des interprétations « globales » de la sociologie durkheimienne, avec un résultat médiocre, car le politique est perdu de vue. L'auteurs continue par ses propres commentaires d'un petit nombre de textes de Durkheim, dont De quelques formes primitives de qualification et De la division du travail social. Il s'appuie sur ces analyses dans la dernière partie de son travail pour soutenir sa thèse selon laquelle le caractère politique du projet sociologique de Durkheim consiste en ce qu'il participe à la libération par la société de l'individu de...
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On the Method's Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology
Maršálek, Jan ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee) ; Karsenti, Bruno (referee)
The Method and its Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology Jan Maršálek Université de Franche-Comté/Charles University in Prague Supervisors: prof. Frédéric Brahami, prof. Miloslav Petrusek (†), dr. Jan Balon. Résumé: In a doubly disloyal continuity with regard to the French epistemological tradition, largely preoccupied with the formation of scientific concepts, the present work addresses the phenomenon of disappearance of 'analytical' method. Nevertheless, the present work does not constitute an historical investigation: its very goal is to show (within the works of T. Hobbes, J.-J. Rousseau, H. Spencer and E. Durkheim) the variation of the epistemological status of the analysis, and thus to set up the concept of an 'epistemological event'. Examining the disappearance of the analysis requires its identification in the theoretical work whereby its leverage remains unacknowledged. Thus, having the status of a method in the philosophies of the social contract of Hobbes and Rousseau, the analysis 'continues' to structure, in a tacit way, the work of Spencer and Durkheim, both of them founders of scientific sociology. Is it possible to claim that, in the 19th century, the analysis manifests itself in the sociology's common recourse to...
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The Coming Crisis of Czech Sociology?
Štrojsa, Miloš ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jan (referee)
The thesis "The coming crisis of czech sociology?" is talking about the current situation of czech sociology. In the last fifteen years there have been evident efects, which have a negative influnce on position of sociology in czech society. The first effect is the academic crisis (mass growth of university education). The second effect is the crisis of humanities (underrating of humanities). Also, there is an existence of specific developmental problem. These efects have desintegrative consequences on czech sociology, which contens with unprecedented growth of university students. Afterwards, these students are not able to find adequate job position in this field of study. This thesis talks about all these fenomens. In the first part, this thesis describes the enviroment of current state of czech sociology and puts emphasis on the above mentioned topics- problem situation of university education, uncertain position of humanities and complicated development of sociology as a science. The second part describes current situation of czech sociology. There is analysed, the masification of university educucation and its impact on sociological fields taught in six public academical departments. Also, there is a part talking about the growing number of sociologists- what will happen with them after their...
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New Capitalism as a Cause and a Result of Effectivization of Society
Hrabánková, Anežka ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jan (referee)
Given the breadth of the concept of new capitalism and possible topics that present themselves here, the main objective of this work is especially presentation of new capitalism as reflected in sociological literature and reference to its highly efficient nature. The work is also a reflection on key topics opened by leading theoreticians of contemporary capitalism. Using Weberian sociology, the work seeks to capture the development of capitalism and to grasp new contemporary capitalism. The development of capitalism is described by the development of three important aspects that appear early in modern capitalism which are important during its whole history up to the present. It is the development of the phenomenon of work, consumption and time. For these three phenomena, the presented work deals in particular with their tendency to become increasingly more efficient. Efficiency is part of the rationalization process; the work uses a more suitable term for contemporary Euro-American society - effectivization (efficiency boost of society), due to its ubiquity and topicality, and also due to the fact that current changes are being legitimized under the designation of efficiency. Where the logic of money takes control (at the market), thinking is being rationalized and resources are being used more...
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Right to the city and spatial plan
Orcígr, Václav ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jan (referee)
This paper focuses on the concept of right to the city and tries to link it to the topic of spatial planning in Prague. It introduces the view on the world of global neoliberalism, which comes from critical social geography and was elaborated especially by David Harvey, but originates from the French philosopher Henri Lefebvre. Through the optics of this approach the paper tries to grasp the complex problems of spatial planning on the example of Prague. Through a qualitative questioning of the representatives of CSO's, the paper attempts to show the relevance of the concept for public participation in decision making in urban development. The thesis presents a fundamental critical frame of theories, which evaluates the condition of society in the stage of late neoliberalism, and also the basic approaches to the city in social theory including the context of post-socialism. From these it continues to the analysis of urban space presenting a belief, which gives to the inhabitants of a city the right to make decisions about its shape instead of the capital. It puts emphasis on demarcation of the role of social movements and also the concept of place attachment, which becomes one of the key determinants for the involvement of inhabitants into the processes of urban development. The paper uses the...
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Scientific Categories and Classification of People: Historical analysis as a methodological tool for the philosophy of human sciences?
Smiešková, Kornélia ; Maršálek, Jan (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
(in English): The aim of the work is to reconstruct and interpret the method of historicized analysis and its employment to examine the phenomenon of "making up people". The concept is Hacking's description for the impact scientific classifications can have on classified people. The point of departure for the examination in the work is the thesis that historicized analysis employs the elements of philosophical conceptual analysis together with historical tools philosophy of science corroborates and whose strategies are often in opposition to the analytical tradition. As a follow-up of the main thesis the work also examines whether the historicized analysis can be understood as a history of the present. Moreover, it asks questions that come up in connection with the project of "making up people" such as: "What are the conditions for a scientific category to emerge? When categories emerge do new kinds of people emerge as well? What is the specific structure that enables the mutual interaction and effect scientific categories and classified people make? One of the aims will therefore be to elucidate to what extend the historicized analysis is able to answer those questions. Last but not least the work looks into the critical implications and usefulness of the method of historicized analysis.
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Integrating History of Sociology into History of Science: Language Analysis as a Tool for History of Sociology
Patáková, Markéta ; Maršálek, Jan (advisor) ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (referee)
This thesis focuses on methodological possibilities of language as a basis for history of sociology. Current professional history of sociology takes predominantly the form of institutional studies characterized by an attention to social context of knowledge production. Language orientation provides an unutilized opportunity for intellectual history - a supposedly stale alternative of institutional tradition. Development of language-based history creates a methodological position close to approaches common in history of natural sciences. Critical analysis of metaphor studies in sociology serves as an example of risks and challenges of language focus which assists us with articulation of our own methodological position. Following studies of Ladislav Kvasz, historian of natural sciences, the thesis offers methodological apparatus adapted to sociology. Key feature of the presented tool is a capability to distinguish between three levels of language of sociological theory: data, models and theory. These levels differ in functions which they ascribe to corresponding language elements and rising language powers (to constitute new objects and to integrate the ones positioned below). Application of our method is illustrated by two examples. Cursory excursion into history of mathematics in sociology...
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