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Communities of terrestrial nematodes after different approaches to heathland restoration
Radochová, Petra ; Háněl, Ladislav (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
Since the 20th century, the distribution of European heathlands rapidly decreased due to agricultural intensification, heavy use of artificial fertilizers or acidification. Therefore, various attempts of heathland restoration are under way in these days. Analysis of nematode community composition can be one of the tools suitable for succession evaluation. In 2011, 2013 and 2014, soil samples were collected from heathland restoration experiment (launched in 2011) where different restoration methods were applied in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment; existing heathlands were also sampled to identify the target community both in dry and wet heathland. A total of 60 samples of extracted nematodes were analysed for absolute abundance, trophic groups, and genera dominance. Various indices were calculated to describe the nematode community. We were able to proove faster development of wet heathlands towards the target community. However, because of large data variability, there was no significant difference between treatments. Development of wet and dry heathlands differed also in increased proportion of omniphagous nematodes in 2013 and predators in 2014 in dry heathlands. After three years of heathland restoration, nematode community has not yet reached parameters of the target community. Key words: Nematoda,...
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Communities of terrestrial nematodes after different approaches to heathland restoration
Radochová, Petra ; Háněl, Ladislav (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
Since the 20th century, the distribution of European heathlands rapidly decreased due to agricultural intensification, heavy use of artificial fertilizers or acidification. Therefore, various attempts of heathland restoration are under way in these days. Analysis of nematode community composition can be one of the tools suitable for succession evaluation. In 2011, 2013 and 2014, soil samples were collected from heathland restoration experiment (launched in 2011) where different restoration methods were applied in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment; existing heathlands were also sampled to identify the target community both in dry and wet heathland. A total of 60 samples of extracted nematodes were analysed for absolute abundance, trophic groups, and genera dominance. Various indices were calculated to describe the nematode community. We were able to proove faster development of wet heathlands towards the target community. However, because of large data variability, there was no significant difference between treatments. Development of wet and dry heathlands differed also in increased proportion of omniphagous nematodes in 2013 and predators in 2014 in dry heathlands. After three years of heathland restoration, nematode community has not yet reached parameters of the target community. Key words: Nematoda,...
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Zhodnocení vlivu hospodářských zásahů na diverzitu půdních biot ve vybraných zvláště chráněných územích
Ústav půdní biologie AV ČR, České Budějovice ; Tajovský, Karel ; Starý, Josef ; Nováková, Alena ; Lukešová, Alena ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Balík, Vladimír ; Pižl, Václav
Cílem dílčího projektu, jehož řešení je rozvrženo do čtyř let (2000-2003), je shromáždění základních poznatků o diverzitě modelových skupin půdních organismů na lokalitách Trojmezná a Smrčina, NPR Boubín a NPR Žákova hora, a vyhodnocení vlivu hospodářských zásahů na půdní biotu v těchto územích. Syntéza získaných poznatků slouží k navržení vhodného managementu porostů vedoucímu k zachování a ochraně biodiverzity. Tato zpráva je shrnutím výsledků v roce 2000 a 2001. Materiál a data z podzimních odběrů v roce 2001 jsou v případě některých skupin půdních biot ve fázi zpracování či následných analýz a nemohly být vzhledem k termínu odevzdání do této zprávy zahrnuty.
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Soil nematodes in ungulate grazed and ungrazed forests of the Křivoklátsko Biosphere Reserve -- first results of an ongoing project
Háněl, Ladislav
The effect of ungulate grazing on various woodland ecosystems was studied in oak-hornbeam forest, subxerothermic oak forest, and herb-rich beech forest of the Křivoklátsko Biosphere Reserve. Samples of soil nematodes were taken in May 2006 from plots within enclosures established in 1993 and from plots outside the enclosures. The total abundance of nematodes varied from 248.7 to 790.0 x 10.sup.4./sup. ind.m.sup.-2./sup. and was always greater outside the enclosures. In two cases out of four the difference was statistically significant. Bacterivores were the most numerous nematodes. Their abundance was greater only in one plot outside the enclosure in the oak-hornbeam forest and about one half of the bacterivores were short-living .i.Rhabditis./i.. The abundance of root-fungal feeders (mainly .i.Filenchus./i.) was always greater outside the enclosures than within enclosures.
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Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, linden, larch, pine, and spruce) and one type of spontaneous succession (willow-aspen-birch), each in four replicate sites, were surveyed in March 2005 and in April 2006. In total 174 species and 86 genera were distinguished, more species and genera were found in deciduous than in coniferous plantations. Cluster analyses showed different composition of nematode faunas in those plantations. Co-occurrence of closely related .i.Aporcelaimellus, Helicotylenchus./i. species could suggest their still existing niche overlap in a developing environment whereas niche partitioning probably established between species of the genera .i.Eudorylaimus./i. and .i.Paratylenchus./i..
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Dominantní hlístice (Nematoda) v prvních patnácti letech primární sukcese na výsypkových jílech
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil nematodes were studied at 13 sites in the colliery spoil heap Pastvina formed of tertiary clays and left to spontaneous succession in the Sokolov coal mining district,Czech Republic. The one-year-old site had a very low abundance of nematodes (1,1-2,7 ind.cm.sup.-2./sup.), in the 5-year-old site nematode populations increased considerably (51,3-137,4 ind.cm.sup.-2./sup.) and in older sites they varied (7,9-1023,0 ind.cm.sup.-2./sup.) without detectable relationships with the age of the site. On the other hand, the diversity of nematode assemblages increased with the age of the site and developing plant cover. Bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes occurred at all sites, having a eudominant position in many assemblages. The distribution of omnivores was variable as some species dominated in the 5-year-old site (.i.Eudorylaimus bombilectus./i.) whereas other (.i.Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus./i.) appeared and became eudominant in 14-15-year-old sites.
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Změny v zastoupení trofických skupin hlístic (Nematoda) na přirozeném úhoru a v půdách osetých regionálními a komerčními travními směskami
Háněl, Ladislav
Secondary succession started from a cultivated field soil with relatively low abundance of nematodes (five-year mean value 85 x 10.sup.4./sup. ind.m.sup.-2./sup.), especially with reduced populations of plant feeding species. The most dominant nematodes in the field were bacterivorous genera (55 %). During succession the total abundance of nematodes in the abandoned field plots (AF; natural fallow), regional grass mixture plots (RGM), and commercial grass mixture plots (CGM) increased to 109, 140, and 154 x 10.sup.4./sup. ind.m.sup.-2./sup.. The dominance of bacterivorous nematodes decreased to 30 %, 30 %, and 35 %, respectively. The abundance and the dominance of root-fungal feeding nematodes increased in RGM (25 %) and CGM(24 %) treatments, that of plant-parasitic nematodes increased in AF (12 %). The abundance and the dominance of omnivorous nematodes increased mainly in AF (24 %), that of predacious nematodes increased in all treatments (6 %, 4 %, 3 %, respectively).
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Společenstva půdních hlístic (Nematoda) ve vybraných mokřadních habitatech Národního parku Biebrza
Háněl, Ladislav
Nine marshland habitats of the Biebrza National Park in north-east Poland were investigated for nematodes in a single survey. In total, about 170 species and 89 genera of nematodes were determined. The abundance of nematodes in individual habitats ranged from 75 to 470 x 10.sup.4./sup. ind.m.sup.-2./sup.. The order Tylenchida represented 33 % of all nematode individuals, Dorylaimida 23 % and Araeolaimida 18 %. The respective numbers of genera in these orders were 22, 22 and 9, of species 43, 43 and 24.
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Hlístice (Nematoda) v jílech hald uhelných dolů a v pokusně introdukovaných pásech luční půdy
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil nematodes were studied in coal-mining clay spoil denuded by a landslide of the upper part of a colliery dump three years ago. This control plot was compared with nematodes in introduced strips of fresh meadow soil heaped up on the spoil and in spoil strips between these soil strips. .i.Ecumenicus monohystera./i. (25% of all nematode individuals) and .i.Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus./i. (23%) dominated in the control spoil whereas in spoil between soil strips their population densities decreased. The greatest number of nematode species and genera was present in the soil strips. The number of species and genera increased in spoil strips adjacent to soil strips and proportions between trophic groups partially changed. Introduction of fresh meadow soil into colliery spoils may influence nematode assemblages in post-mining clays. Nevertheless, clay patches can harbour peculiar nematode assemblages that can contribute to the overall diversity of a post-mining landscape.
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Vývoj půdní fauny na loukách obnovených na orné půdě: Iniciální fáze sukcesního vývoje
Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav ; Starý, Josef ; Balík, Vladimír ; Frouz, Jan ; Schlaghamerský, J. ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Rusek, Josef ; Kalčík, Jiří
The development of soil fauna assemblages (testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, earthworms, terrestrial isopods, millipedes, centipedes, collembolans, dipteran larvae) has been investigated in a -field experiment since autumn 1999. Four types of treatment were studied in plots previously managed as arable land: 1) sowing with a native seed mixture, 2) sowing of a 5 m wide central strip with native and the lateral strips with commercial seed mixture, 3) sowing of a 5 m wide central strip with native seed mixture, leaving the lateral strips to spontaneous succession, and 4) leaving to spontaneous succession (abandoned field). The observed increase of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the individual soil animal groups corresponded to the initial phase of successional development. Eurytopic and euryvalent representatives as well as epigeic species of soil micro-, meso- and macrofauna prevailed in the studied treatments during the first years of observation.
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