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Harm reduction measures in the Czech prison: availability and distribution of condoms from the perspective of prisoners
Vašíčková, Jana ; Černíková, Tereza (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Background: The diploma thesis deals with the topic of prisons as a risky environment in relation to the transmission of infectious diseases. The condom distribution in prison settings is one of possible harm reduction interventions in terms of preventing the transmission of infectious diseases among prison population and in general society. Aims: The aim of the work is to map the availability and distribution of condoms and its perception from the prisoners' point of view in Prague-Pankrác Prison, where the distribution took place. The work also deals with the risky behaviour of convicts, through which infectious diseases are transmitted. File: The group of respondents consists of prisoners who served their sentences in two randomly selected wards where condoms were distributed. The data were collected in two waves, in which a total of 160 and 190 prisoners participated. The composition of the sample changed during the research due to the natural fluctuation of people who were accused and convicted in prisons and, in addition, due to a change in the law on the execution of sentences of imprisonment. Methods: The process evaluation was chosen for the research. A questionnaire study and a subsequent descriptive analysis of the data was performed. The first wave of data collection took place 1 month...
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Substance use by clients of the outreach program NO BIOHAZARD during the COVID 19 pandemic
Nováková, Tereza ; Chomynová, Pavla (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to map the patterns of substance abuse among clients of the outreach program No biohazard. The work aims to find out how and whether these patterns of use changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which hit the Czech Republic in early March 2020. Due to the global breadth of the pandemic, impacts and restrictions have affected almost all areas of human functioning. One of these areas was also the drug market. This study addresses how the restrictions associated with the pandemic affected the availability, price and quality of substances used among clients and whether during the pandemic the interest of outreach program clients in professional assistance such as treatment or counseling or substitution treatment increased. Research questions also ask about the availability of clean injection material and outreach programs during a pandemic. The study results serve as feedback on the functioning of the field program during the pandemic. I collected data for the purposes of the bachelor's thesis in a questionnaire survey among clients of the outreach program from March to June 2021. For the purposes of the survey, I created a questionnaire containing 23 questions focusing on current patterns of substance use and drug market changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. I...
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Availability of alcohol for children and youth in Prague
Špinar, Vojtěch ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Background: Alcohol usage is a common patological behaviour among youth throughout the whole world. In adolescents many are subjected to first experiments and risk adverse health consequences on their development, which they cannot fully comprehend. Czech people are one of the most drinking nations. Heavy alcohol consumption is related to availability. Means to reduce alcohol availability include raising the minimal legal age, reducing density of licenced outlets, pricing policy, law enforcement and regulations on alcohol marketing. Aims: The study aims to discover the patterns of alcohol usage among youths in Prague and how subjectively accessible alcohol is. Methods: Data were collected in February 2020 by questionnaire inquiry. Population consisted of children and youths (of ages 11-17), clients of drop-in centers in Prague, who have had an experience with alcohol. The sample consisted of 100 respondents. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and displayed by graphs and tables. Results: The most common alcohol among respondents is hard liquor (57%). Twenty-eight percent of respondents said they drank alcohol at least once a week. Usually they buy it themselves (41%) and they drink outside (56%). Most respondents (37%) said that they never have problem getting alcohol and usually buy it in...
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Drug use among emergency operations centre personnel of emergency medical services
Švarcová, Barbora ; Chomynová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Positions in emergency medicine are endangered by increased chance of long-term stress and burnout syndrome. These risks, which are inseparable from their professions, can result in increased consumption of addictive substances. Employees of emergency operations centres are one of these risk groups, hypothesised to have increased drug consumption in comparison to general public. The goal of this thesis was investigation of drug consumption among emergency operations centres personnel and determination of addictive substances and the amounts being used. The second goal was to confirm hypothesis about connection between burn out syndrome and drug use. Data were gained through questionnaire survey which was implemented online in 11 Czech emergency medical services in the first half of the year 2019. 25 % (88 respondents) of asked employees took part in this research. Results show, that emergency operations centres personnel most frequently use tobacco and alcohol, the amount is bigger than the amount used by general public. The results show riskier way of alcohol use and higher lifetime prevalence of cannabis usage among emergency operations centre personnel than in general public. Prevalence of methamphetamine and cocaine is nearly the same as among the general public. The hypothesis of connection...
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Correlation between benzodiazepines use and quality of life in regions of the Czech Republic
Brožková, Lenka ; Chomynová, Pavla (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The objective of this study is to explore and describe current use of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic and to identify possible correlation with quality of life in particular regions. Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed for a variety of conditions: anxiety and insomnia in particular. Benzodiazepine addiction is often latent and therefore doesn't cause social segregation as psychoactive drugs and alcohol abuse. Environment in which people live significantly impacts our psychological state. The question is how significant the influence of quality of the environment on the general wellbeing is and how is it reflected on the use of benzodiazepines. These questions were answered by analysing results of the research carried on by National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction in 2016. The Centre conducted a survey with 3601 respondents in order to gain more understanding about use of benzodiazepines, excessive playing of video games and gambling in the Czech regions. Analysis of the responses reveals that medications used to treat insomnia and anxiety disorder (benzodiazepines included) are used mostly by people living in major cities. The lowest prevalence of benzodiazepine use is in small towns and villages. Benzodiazepines are still the most frequently prescribed group of medications used...
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Alcohol use among university students of physical education and sport
Vařeková, Zuzana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
BACKGROUND: University studies take place during the end of the risk period of adolescence and early adulthood, which is also related to alcohol use. The students of sport schools and fields are also at risk. Athletes report excessive alcohol use, even though sport is generally associated with healthy lifestyle. OBJECTIVES: The thesis was focused on experience with alcohol use among students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University and its relation with frequency and type of physical aktivity. METHODS: The research was designed as a cross-sectional study. The sample was formed by students who studied the academic fields of Physical eduction and Sport and Physiotherapy in the full-time bachelor's programme in Czech language in academic year 2017/2018. The sample was obtained by total selection. The questionnaire consisted of standard alcohol use questions from the ESPAD study (Chomynová et al., 2016) and screening questionnaries CAGE (Erwing, 1984) and ASC (Moskalewicz & Sieroslawski, 2010). The questionnaires were filled in by respondents themselves. The sample consisted of 317 students, the response rate was 62 %. The demographic characteristics of the sample corresponded to the general population. A descriptive analysis was implemented in subgroups of non-athletes...
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School prevention programme analysis
Čmelíková, Šárka ; Pavlas Martanová, Veronika (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Background: This thesis focuses on the analysis of a school prevention program of Komenského primary school in Náchod. Aim: The recommended structure of a school prevention program is being compared with the actual school's program. The thesis follows the cooperation and actions of school employees that are involved in creating the program and applying its chapters of several risk behavior forms based on the recommended lesson range. Based on these criteria the prevention program of ZŠ Náchod is rated. Methods: The research part analysed school documents such as Minimal prevention program, Annual school activity report and School education program. The topic of risk behaviour prevention is being focused on in said documents. The description of the documents is completed by half- structured interviews with the principal of the school, special pedagogue, educational counselor, school prevention methodologist and prevention methodologist in psychological and pedagogical counseling. Results: When it comes to the risk behaviour prevention field the school is open. Tasks are divided among several teachers that cooperate. The school prevention program has a formal structure. There is a room for improvement in goal processing and the engagement of individual forms of risk behavior prevention. Conclusion:...
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Binge drinking among university students in Prague
Kostrábová, Mária ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Current situation: Abroad, binge drinking among university students is very frequent. Mostly in the USA, 60% of students from 18 to 22 years of age drink alcohol. Almost 2 of 3 out of them engaged in binge drinking once a week at minimum rate (CollegeAIM,2017). Annual reports on alcohol consumption are issued in Czech Republic. These reports are not focused on university students. Goal: The purpose of my research is to find out amount and potential patterns in alcohol consumption among university students in Prague, with its main focus on binge drinking. Survey sample: Non-randomly chosen 891 respondents, who fulfilled inclusion criterion (attending university in Prague) and were willing to participate in the study (convenient sample). Methodology: Online cross-sectional survey among students distributed via social network Facebook. A descriptive analysis was conducted. Outcomes: Sample of 891 respondents consisted of 501 women and 390 men with the average age 21,6 years. They were attending 11 universities, from witch most of them, 27%, were from ČVUT (Czech Technical University) 26,8% were from UK (Charles University); 23,7% were from VŠE (University of Economics) and 17,4% were VŠCHT (University of Chemistry and Technology). The most of the respondents drunk alcohol once or twice a week in last...
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