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Effect of selected abiotic additives on bioremediation of crude oil contamination in soil
Kuráň, P. ; Trögl, J. ; Nováková, J. ; Pilařová, V. ; Pilařová, K. ; Ederer, J. ; Dáňová, P. ; Pavlorková, J. ; Fryčák, R. ; Bošková, S. ; Kozler, J. ; Novák, František
The effect of addition of selected abiotic additives (humic substances, zeolites) on the biodegradation of crude oil in polluted soil by joint action of autochthonic micro flora as well as by crude-oil-degrading bacterial strain was tested in the set of pot experiments. The process was followed by means of analytical parameters (hydrocarbon index, ratios pristane/C.sub.17./sub., phytane/C.sub.18./sub., total organic carbon content) and characterization of activity and structure of microbial community within one-year-experiment. Addition of humic substances did not affect biodegradation rate significantly, however it improved the evolution of soil microbial community biomass. Addition of zeolites (10% w/w) resulted in slower increase of microbial biomass compared to modules lacking zeolites, however it improved the operation with soil. In contrast, augmentation of degrading bacterial strain increased the biodegradation rate significantly and proved to be the most effective treatment.
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Enzyme-catalysed processes in the spoil heaps after brown coal mining: effects of site age, vegetation and seasonality
Baldrian, Petr ; Šnajdr, Jaroslav ; Valášková, Vendula ; Urbanová, Michaela ; Voříšková, Jana ; Popelářová, Petra ; Herinková, Jana ; Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Frouz, Jan
Enzyme-catalysed processes in the spoil heaps after brown coal mining are affected by site age, vegetation composition and seasonality
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Common scab important problem at growing of potato
Diviš, J. ; Krištůfek, Václav
Potato varieties with high susceptibility (Agria) and low susceptibility (Kariera) to common scab were grown on both the sites with a low occurrence and with a strong occurrence of common scab. The degree of common scab was evaluated by using the scale of Wenzel and Demel (1967). The obtained results confirmed tne significant position of the variety as the indirect measure of common scab protection. It is possible to use both varieties Agria and Kariera for indication of common scab occurrence at field conditions.
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N.sub.2./sub.O and N.sub.2./sub. emissions, denitrification activity and the size of the denitrifying community in a pasture soil – what is the role of pH?
Čuhel, Jiří ; Šimek, Miloslav ; Laughlin, R.J. ; Chéneby, D. ; Bru, D. ; Philippot, L.
Denitrification and subsequent N emissions are significantly influenced by soil pH. Nevertheless, it is not clear, whether pH controls denitrification only due to the influence on kinetics of denitrification enzymes or also due to the different structure of denitrifiers. The objective of the present study was to compare results from N gas emissions and N.sub.2./sub.O molar ratio from soils with artificially changed pH, with those obtained from potential denitrification, and to find out whether there is a relationship between N fluxes and abundance of denitrifiers. The experimental site was located in a grassland area at Borová Farm near Český Krumlov, Czech Republic, and consisted of 12 plots (3x3 m) amended with KOH solution (pH alkaline), H.sub.2./sub.SO.sub.4./sub. solution (pH acidic) or with no amendments (pH natural). The .sup.15./sup.N gas flux method was used to quantify emissions of N.sub.2./sub.O and N.sub.2./sub. in situ at intervals over 74 H.
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Symptomes of nitrogen excess in soil
Hynšt, Jaroslav ; Šimek, Miloslav
Nitrogen cycling is one of the most important processes on the Earth. Most of N transformations run in soil. Nitrogen usually enters the soil as occasional input in concentrated forms which means that it is often in excess or in deficit. However, deficit and excess of N have different value in different soils and ecosystems. For example, amount of N which causes significant impact on ecosystem of spruce forest is insufficient for the maize field. This suggests, that the amount of N in soil must be evaluated in context of the whole ecosystem. In N-limited ecosystems, most of N is stored in plant biomass and litter characterized by slow transformations. Productivity of ecosystem is low, but N is utilized with high efficiency. On the other hand, in conditions of high availability of N, losses take place. These differences are reflected in content of different fractions of soluble N in soil and different rates of their transformations.
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