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Dialogical Approach to Truth in the Plurality of Cultures and Religions
Jirsová Fassati, Paula ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Štěch, Ondřej (referee) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
Thesis abstract This thesis, "Dialogical Approach to Truth in the Plurality of Cultures and Religions" has two main goals, theoretical and applied one. It defends the importance of contextual relativism and perspectivism for the dialogue of two different discourses using a theory of language games. An individual lives in his or hers own special historical and geographical situation, in particular psycho-physical condition with a limited perspective through which he perceives the surrounding world. Only if the individual could be aware of these limits, to be able to renounce a tendency to generalize his own point of view without confronting the others within a dialogue. It is possible to judge the truthfulness, functionality and the level of development of any discourse only in the context and within the categories of the discourse itself. This approach is reflected in the field of interreligious dialogue by the idea of post- pluralism. It stresses the uniqueness of each independent religious discourse, while refusing both superiority of any particular religion on one hand and merging all religions into one common group on the other. One cannot discover the ultimate truth due to the lack of "general perspective" over all religious traditions and, therefore, he cannot judge ("This religion is the only true",...
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The ideal of community in modern societies
Štěch, Ondřej ; Hrubec, Marek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
of doctoral thesis This thesis deals with the problem of community conceived as an important ideal in modern societies. Its departing point in understanding modernity is the concept of social imaginaries as developed by Charles Taylor. The interpretation of this concept shows, that community is always only an alternative model of social relations. Despite this situation, it is an always recurrent ideal. The question is, why it is so and in which forms it manifests itself. The first question is answered with the help of the theory of recognition of Axel Honneth, which analyzes moral development of the subject in connection with communal relations. Identity is always anchored in the experience of recognition, and this experience needs to be confirmed in human relationships. Community, then, is the place of such confirmation. The thesis then proceeds to the reconstruction of various shapes of the ideal of community. In the reconstruction of these two most important forms of community, the thesis relies on the work of communitarian theorists and of Benedict Anderson. The first one shows small, mainly local communities growing out of free will of their members. Such communities are formed for various purposes. The second important form are imagined communities, especially nations. The thesis is...
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