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Function of Magnesium Ions in the Formation of Biologically-Active Nucleic Acids Structures
Espinoza Herrera, Shirly Josefina ; Štěpánek, Josef (advisor) ; Mašek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Setnička, Vladimír (referee)
ESPINOZA HERRERA S.J. - DOCTORAL THESIS - FUNCTION OF MAGNESIUM IONS IN THE FORMATION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE NUCLEIC ACIDS STRUCTURES ____________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Interaction of magnesium ions, the divalent ions with the highest concentration inside living cells, with the key biomolecules of nucleic acids was studied with aim to find out structural details of the interaction mechanism and effect of the magnesium ions presence on the nucleic-acid structure and structural transitions. Raman spectroscopy was chosen as the main experimental method, some complementary measurements of UV absorption spectra were also performed. Basic analyses of the spectral series obtained as a function of temperature and/or for various concentrations of Mg2+ ions were done by means of factor analysis. Where possible the factor analysis outputs were used for fits of appropriate thermodynamic equations. For the studies, various nucleic-acid molecular models were employed, in particular complementary RNA homopolynucleotides polyA and polyU, DNA homopolynucleotides polydA and polydT and RNA 14-mer oligonucleotide representing the apical hairpin of the TAR segment of HIV-1 genomic RNA. We have confirmed via Raman spectroscopy that magnesium ions added to a solution of polyA-polyU...
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The symbology of the animals in "The New Advice" by Smil Flaška z Pardubic
Petrová, Markéta ; Zilynská, Blanka (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Tato práce využívá literární prameny 14. století, zejména Novou radu Smila Flašky z Pardubic, ke zjištění charakterových vlastností zvířat, které jim byly symbolicky přisuzovány. Rozbor ukázal, že uvedená symbolika se v 16. století posunula směrem k větší realističnosti chápání zvířecích vlastností. Zhodnocení vztahů Nové rady ke konkrétním historickým událostem prokázalo, že toto dílo má úzkou souvislost s formováním panského stavu ve 14. století a s jeho snahou podat králi naučení o správném vztahu mezi šlechtou a panovníkem. The thesis analyses personality traits symbolically attributed to animals, based on literary sources from the 14th century, primarily "The New Advice" (Nová rada) by Smil Flaška z Pardubic. The comparison of "The New Advice" to the factual historical events reveals close connection to the formation of the lordship in the 14th century and author's ambitions to advise the king of the appropriate relationship between king and nobility. The thesis also shows that the addressed symbology has evolved in the 16th century towards more realistic understanding of animal characteristics.
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Studium expandujícího proudu termického plazmatu s využitím molekulových spekter
Mašláni, Alan ; Sember, Viktor
Thermal plasmas generated by plasma torches are well-known for their high temperatures and high enthalpies. Therefore optical emission spectroscopy is appropriate diagnostic method because of strong emission of radiation corresponding to the visible light. The decay of excited atoms, ions and molecules causes emission of the light at characteristic wavelengths. Except spectral lines of atoms and ions, also some molecular bands can be seen in the spectra of the plasma jet. Especially expanding thermal plasma jet operated under low pressure conditions offers possibility of observing molecular transitions. Pressure lower than atmospheric may cause the presence of supersonic flow and departures from thermodynamic equilibrium. Spectra of OH radical have been investigated using computer code LIFBASE, which contains a lot of data regarding spectra of diatomic molecules. Radial profiles of rotational and vibrational temperatures have been found in several regions of the jet.
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The influence of the epigallokatechin gallate, elagic acid and curcumin on the cytotoxic effect of mutagens.
Tlučhořová, Drahomíra ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor) ; Polívková, Zdeňka (referee)
Naturally occurring phenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ellagic acid and curcumin exhibit antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity in a lot of in vivo and in vitro studies. In our study we used comet assay test to determine if these compounds are capable to affect DNA damage of AA8 and HepG2 cells caused by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and UVC radiation. Results should say if comet assay test is an appropriate method for antimutagenity tests. We were interested if compounds, which are able to moderate effects of mutagens, would also affect their cytotoxicity. Except MNU and UVC radiation we used also hydrogen peroxide as a reference mutagen. In comet assay curcumin was not able to protect against MNU induced DNA damage sufficiently. However, ellagic acid effectively reduced mutagenic effect of MNU. EGCG decreased the level of DNA breaks induced by IQ and UVC radiation and affected both DNA damage induction and repair of cells incubated with MNU. We chose only EGCG for cytotoxicity tests because it showed the greatest antimutagenity. EGCG increased the number of formed colonies of cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, likely to its antioxidant properties. However EGCG did not decrease cytotoxicity of MNU and UVC radiation and the...
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A privilege-separating HTTP server
Břečka, Jakub ; Mareš, Martin (advisor) ; Pop, Tomáš (referee)
Webservers hosting multiple websites on a single machine have to solve a problem of privilege separation between users. Most implementations have a single system user, which is dedicated to serving all requests. There are many solutions trying to run user scripts or requests in the context of the appropriate user. However, most of them are not suitable because of low performance, or the level of user separation is not sufficient. We focused on Apache HTTP Server, one of the most widespread webservers, with the goal of implementing a solution that would allow the administrator to separate users at the level of the file system.
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Particle motion in the vicinity of compact stellar objects
Čechura, Jan ; Šubr, Ladislav (referee) ; Hadrava, Petr (advisor)
In this thesis we discuss the properties of a radiation-driven stellar wind in an X-ray binary system. Using the parameters appropriate for the high mass Xray binary system Cygnus X-1, the effects of the compact companion on the stellar wind are examined. We have developed a full 3D hydrodynamic model of circumstellar mass based on a modified version of the Castor, Abbott & Klein line-driven mechanism. The effects of the compact companion - gravity and continuum radiation pressure - as well as the centrifugal and Coriolis force due to orbital motion are included. These forces subvert the spherical symmetry of the wind and lead to significantly different results then previous strictly radial hydrodynamic simulations.
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Game physical activites in favor of jung disabled people
Šedivcová, Pavla ; Hošková, Blanka (referee) ; Křiček, Jan (advisor)
Title of diploma thesis Game physical activities in favor of young disabled people. Goal of diploma thesis The goal of diploma thesis is to suggest and compile appropriate program of game motion activities, motion exercises and motion games for development in motor abilities of youth suffering from Cerebral Palsy. Method This is a case study realized on the ground of special secondary school for physically disabled people in Janské Lázně. A homogeneous group consisting of the school attendants was chosen as a research object. The methods of observation and testing in physical education lessons were used to reach the goal. Results Proven results provided the level of motor abilities and skills of students. The results of motor tests confirmed the idea of proposing a special program of exercises and motion games in a modified form for development in motor skills of students. Proposed motion exercises and games in modified form shown the usefulness and importance in praxis. There were improvements recorded in the handling of selected objects and tools, the spatial orientation was improved too. We have noticed improvements in socialization, communication and dealing with emotions. Motion games and exercises in modified form became more popular among students and they became favorite part of P.E....
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The concept and legal consequences of exceeding the scope of self-defence and necessity
Bušek, Michal ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Fenyk, Jaroslav (referee)
Excessive Use of Force in Self-defence and Necessity - the term and legal implications This work is submitted as a Master thesis on the Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Law. It deals with the use of excessive force in self-defence and necessity, the terms used to evaluate such excess and the implications that it has in the Czech law and in some common law jurisdictions, namely in the Irish republic. In the introductory chapters I have described the general meaning and the use of self-defence and necessity in the Czech legal doctrine. What follows are the limitations placed on these defences under the Czech Criminal Code. Then I went on to explain the specifics of excessive use of force in situations where there was some necessity to use force, but the force actually used did not fit within the relatively broad boundaries of the Czech reasonableness test. The terms used in this context are also defined and the legal implications of such an excess are further elaborated on. I have briefly referred to the changes proposed by the new Criminal Law Bill. The following part deals with the pleas of necessity and selfdefence under the Irish law, specifically addressing the recognition of excessive self-defence as a partial defence to a murder charge. Where appropriate, the relevant cases from around the...
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Effect of flavonoids on the metabolism of xenobiotics
Smetanová, Anna ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Title, Name, Surname of candidate: Mgr. Anna Smetanová Title, Name, Surname of tutor: Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title of a rigorous work: The influence of flavonoids on the metabolism of xenobiotics Flavonoids are wide spread plant secondary metabolites with the protective effect against the cancer. One of the protective mechanisms of action is the modulation of the biotransformation enzymes. Xenobiotics - heterocyclic aromatic amines are presumably carcinogenic compounds generated during the ordinary cooking of meat and fish. The first metabolic step of the heterocyclic aromatic amines is the procarcinogen activation to the active N-hydroxy metabolites by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2). It would be desirable if the flavonoids in the appropriate manner modulate the enzymatic activity to eliminate the undesirable effects of the heterocyclic aromatic amines. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the rutin and quercetin flavonoids and heterocyclic aromatic amines 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) on CYP1A activity in the cell line LS174T and HCT-8. Rutin, quercetin, IQ and MeIQx were not toxic for cells up...
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Game Activities in Children Affected by Cerebral Palsy
Kopernická, Jitka ; Bartůněk, Dušan (advisor) ; Neuman, Jan (referee)
IN ENGLISH Title: Use of game activities with children afflicted by cerebral paresy. Objective: The main objective is creation and testing of a set of appropriate game activities for mixed groups of children afflicted by cerebral paresy. A secondary objective to be derived from practical application and observations is to develop general principles for working with disabled children. These principles should improve and complement knowledge of professionals working with children who have been disabled by cerebral paresy. Method: The suitability of the game project was tested on groups of children of various ages. Practice took place during weekly swimming lessons. Research data was compiled by means of questionnaires which were distributed to all team leaders who participated in the project. Results: The results include evaluation of both the practical aspects of the games and the data obtained through the questionnaire. General principles for leisure time activities for children disabled by cerebral paresy have also been addressed. Key words: cerebral paresy, outdoor games and activities, experience, reflexion, self-fulfilment
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