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Expression of different forms of actine in some non-muscular and muscular tissues and tumors
Dundr, Pavel ; Povýšil, Ctibor (advisor) ; Marek, Josef (referee) ; Mačák, Jiří (referee)
Actins are ubiquitous eucaryotic proteins. Actin filaments are involved in diverse functions which include cell contraction, motility, adhesion, division, cell shape maintenance and muscle contraction. Four actin isoforms are tissue specific (α-smooth muscle actin, α-cardiac actin, α-skeletal actin and γ-smooth muscle actin). Two other actin isoforms (cytoplasmic β- and γ-actins) are ubiquitous. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression is typically found in vascular and enteric muscle tissue, in myoepithelial cells, myofibroblasts and pericytes. However, expression of this actin isoform could be detected in a variety of other cells and tumors with a preexisting different phenotype. Our study focused on the expression of actin isoforms in some muscular and non-muscular tissues and tumors. The goals of our study were: 1 Analysis of actin isoforms expression in normal, osteoarthrotic, posttraumatic and transplanted cartilage. 2 Analysis of actin isoform expression in some non-muscle tumors. 3 Analysis of actin isoform expression in uterine leiomyomas after therapy and in leiomyomas with inclusion bodies of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus and the detailed analysis of inclusion bodies. A total of 82 samples of cartilage, 591 samples of neuroectodermal tumors, 87 cases of breast carcinoma, and 29 cases...
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The culture 2.0. To problems of web 2.0 and cultural aspects of online communication
Brošta, Josef ; Cimbál, Václav (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
This graduation theses is focusing principally on the new form of computer mediated communication called web 2.0. In the last decades we have been able to be observers and also participants in the changes that have been caused in our society through the introduction of new technologies of information and communication. In the early nineties, many expectations were generated and great promises were made around the expansion of the ICT. Almost fifteen years later, events have sometimes confirmed this, but many others have toned down or even annulled the initial expectations. The existence of internet has made it possible to change the relations between users and the media and has given rise to the birth of new forms of civic, cultural and political participation. This work analyse the new possibilities and the limits presented by the new forms of organization and participation that are conjectured in a new information society.
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Gene expression during oocyte-cumulus expansion and preimplantation embryo development in mammals
Němcová, Lucie ; Kaňka, Jiří (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee) ; Lopatářová, Miloslava (referee)
CONCLUSIONS Major resultsof this PhD thesiscan be summarizedas follows: The real-time RT-PCR has become a tool for detection and quantifrcation of RNA targetsandis being utilized in geneexpressionstudyin our laboratory. The gene expression proÍile of GDF9, during porcine oocytes, cumulus andgranulosacells fu vitro cultivation and in vivo cumulus oocyte expansion was assessed.The obtained partial sequence was up|oaded in EMBL/GenBanlďDDBJ databaseand gene was localized on pig chromosome2. Conhary to mouse,GDFS mRNA was detectedfor the ťrrsttime also in porcine somaticfollicular cells. During cultivation,thetranscriptgraduallydecreasedin all the samples. we studied signalling pathways involved in IGFI promotion of FSH-induced oocyte-cumulusexpansion.we found that IGFI in combinationwith FSH increased the production of HA. The expression of Has2 mRNA in cumulus cells gradually decreasedduring cultivation' our results suggest that the PIK3/AKT dépendent pathwayis involved in the promotionof FSH stimulatedsynthesisof HA in porcine OCCs. Bovine blastocystsdeveloped from fertilized oocýes under different in vitro or in vivo conditions were comparedin the expressionof threegenes(Bax, L37 and S3o/.The embryosdiffer in the abundanceof Bax transcripl the elevatedlevels were detected in blastocyst completely cultivated...
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Utilization of Virtual Reality Technology in Risk Analysis and Safety of Production Machines
Novotný, Tomáš ; Hajduk,, Mikuláš (referee) ; Krutiš, Vladimír (referee) ; Knoflíček, Radek (advisor)
The doctoral thesis introduces a study of possibilities for utilization of virtual reality technology in risk analysis and safety of production machines. The main goal of the thesis is to analyse and examine possible means of integrating visualization and interaction techniques of virtual reality into the risk identification process in the early stage of the production machine life cycle. The proposed work provides a methodological approach to the theoretical implementation of these techniques in the definition of dangerous areas of a machine, identification of sources of possible risks and verification of applied measures built-in in the machine structure. A system approach is used for forming and optimizing the introduced methodological procedures. The solution includes the design of the methodology for effective transfer of 3D design data into immersion virtual reality domain. This enables overcoming existing barriers in exploitation of virtual reality technologies in industrial applications. The next section introduces a procedure of implementation of real tools and equipment in immersion virtual reality domain, including an option for detection of collisions between the real tools and virtual objects. Experimental tests confirm its capability of practical utilization. The impact of the final practical contribution is shown by a decrease in the number of accidents during assembly work, due to its appropriate planning and thanks to training of the personnel on a virtual prototype, carried out already before the manufacturing of the actual machine. The result of the presented doctoral thesis contributes to further qualitative improvement of techniques and methods for preventive increase of safety and reliability of developed machines, particularly of machining centres, which will help increase their competitiveness. The properties of the designed procedures are documented and verified on real industrial cases.
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Nursing care of patiens undergoing cystoscopic follow-up
MAŠÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
The subject of this bachelor work is Nursing care of patients undergoing permanently cystoscopic follow-up. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the problem of providing nursing care to patients witch bladder cancer who untergo regular cystoscopic controls. It describes characteristics of the malignancy of the urinary bladder and its treatment, system of cystoscopic controls, awereness and nursing care for these patients. We have identified six objectives for this work. The first objective was to determine whether the patients have information about cystoscopic examination. The second objective was to determine whether the patients have information on duration of cystoscopic follow-up. The third objective was to map the most common complications after the cystoscopic examinations from the perspective of the patient. The forth objective was to map nursing practice of nurses in the care of permanently cystoscopic follow-up patients. The fifth objective was to determine whether the nurses know the specifics of nursing care for permanently cystoscopic followed-up patients. The last objective was to map the most common complications after the cystoscopic examination from the perspective of nurses. In the empirical part we set three hypotheses and three research questions. The first hypothesis was that patients have information about cystoscopic examination. The second hypothesis was that patients have the information on the length of cystoscopic follow-up. The third hypothesis stated that patients report as the most common complication after examination cystoscopic dysuriac problems. The first research question was what are the procedures for nurses in the nursing care of patients cystoscopic followed-up patients at selected locations. The second research question was what are the specifics of the nursing care of permanently cystoscopic follow-up patients from the perspective of nurse. The third research question was what are the most common complications after cystoscopic examination from the perspective of nurses. Based on an anonymous evaluation questionnare, the first, second and third hypothesis are confirmed and all the research questions were answered on the basic of interviews witch nurses. To obtain information from patients who are permanently cystoscopic followed-up at hospital departments of urology Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. and Nemocnice Písek a.s. (=Hospital, a.s. joint-stock company) was used a quantitative method for date collection through an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnare contained 25 closed and semi-open questions. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed of whitch the final survey used research of 82 ones. Survey results are summarized in graphs. Nonstandardized interview questioning technique witch nurses was used for data collection of quantitative research method. Getting information from the nurses was carried out through depth interview and was by means questions prepared in advance. Research survey was attended by 8 nurses working in hospital department of urology in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. and Nemocnice Písek a.s. Interviews with nurses were drawn for charity in case reports. Discussion was confronted with the specialized literature. The outcome of this bachelor work is the information booklet for permanently cystoscopic followed-up patients.
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Simulace agregačního chování
Tomek, Jakub ; Brom, Cyril (advisor) ; Holan, Tomáš (referee)
Many breeds of cockroaches living in nature form aggregations. In this the- sis, we are looking for evolutionary advantages provided by the aggregation behavior. Because of the difficulty of testing evolutionary hypotheses on real cockroaches, we decided to use a multi-agent simulation instead. We present several models which test certain hypotheses coming from various areas of cock- roach life. Hypotheses on protection against predators, effective use of food from corpses of other cockroaches have been confirmed. Also, we provide an explana- tion of cannibalism among cockroaches. On the other hand, certain hypotheses were rejected, for example, the hypothesis concerning effective use of feces of other cockroaches. Our results may be used in further research on cockroach behavior. Furthermore, since aggregation as a general process appears in other areas of natural sciences, it is possible to use our results in them as well. 1
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Bubeníková, Věra ; Šťastný, František (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
The aim of the study was to create a new animal model of schizophrenia based on a neurodevelopmental hypothesis. The central idea of the project has been that a transient insult at early postnatal age will reveal itself in the form of delayed distinct behavioral changes that can be related to schizophrenia. The experimental design used intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) to rats at postnatal day 12, followed by combination of histology and quantitative morphology in brain tissue obtained within 24 and 96 hours of the NAAG administration and used to investigate possible neurodegeneration. Finally, a battery of behavioural tests was performed several weeks later (late adolescence/early adulthood). NAAG is the most abundant neuropeptide and interacts with the active site of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR II), however, it is also an agonist at NMDA receptors. Neonatal icv infusion of NAAG resulted in detectable damaged neurones in gyrus dentatus. The damage appeared greater at 24 hours, as compared to 96 hours, after the infusion. The presence of damaged neurons was easily demonstrated by Nissl stain, Fluoro Jade В staining combined with Hoechst 33342 and by TUNEL technique. Neonatal administration of NAAG resulted in the appearance of specific, potentially...
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A Style Checker for Czech
Doležalová, Drahomíra
We have studied selected stylistic and grammatic problems of Czech (e. g. attraction, degrees of comparison, compound adverbs, conjunction nebo meaning determination, crossing of government, vocalization of prepositions). Theoretical part of our work consists of (mostly original) detailed analyses of all the phenomena studied; these analyses focus on the possibilities of the formal description of the phenonema and their automatic detection. We consider the results connected with an analysis of attraction the most valuable asset of this part. The implementation part of the work contains several rules written in the Language for grammatical Rules - LanGR. They are able to find some problematic constructions in morphologically annotated (in principle condisambiguated) text. We performed tests on the Prague Dependency Tree corpus (PDT) (1 500 000 manually disambiguated words), where we succeeded in finding 59 style mistakes keeping absolute precision. The implementation contains also a Perl script for vocalization of prepositions in Czech.
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Laboratory diagnostics of micrometastases in breast cancer patients
Mikulová, Veronika ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Svoboda, Marek (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Introduction: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood has been associated with worse prognosis and early relapse in breast cancer patients. CTC determination in the peripheral blood has been considered as a liquid biopsy. The aim of this project was to analyze the presence of CTC followed by their molecular characterization with the potential use not only as a new biomarker for real-time monitoring of therapy efficacy but also as a suitable tool for patient's stratification and individualization of treatment for breast cancer. Methods: A total of 54 patients with diagnosed early breast cancer were enrolled into a prospective study. Ten millilitres of peripheral blood were sequentially collected to test for the presence and characterization of CTC during the follow-up of patients. CTC isolation and detection was performed by AdnaTest BreastCancer™ (AdnaGen AG, Germany), which is based on the detection of EpCAM, HER2 and MUC1 specific transcripts in enriched CTC- lysates. cDNA from isolated CTC has been further used for newly optimized qPCR assays for breast tumor and therapy resistance associated genes: TOP1, TOP2A, CSTD, ST6GAL, KRT19 and reference gene actin. qPCR results have been analyzed by Genex software (MultiD Analysis). Results: 195 blood samples have been...
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Autoflurescence spectroscopy of colorectal carcinoma
Ducháč, Vítězslav ; Horák, Ladislav (advisor) ; Hoch, Jiří (referee) ; Poučková, Pavla (referee)
The submitted dissertation addresses the issue of autofluorescence diagnostics of colorectal carcinoma. The following objectives were set: to verify the possibilities of exploiting the autofluorescence properties of normal colon tissue and tissue changed by tumour to differentiate them and to verify the possibility of using an experimentally created portable measuring set to carry out an "optical biopsy" during the colorectal carcinoma operation. The project solution was divided into three phases: Phase I focused on experimental verification of the fluorescence characteristics of normal colorectal tissue and tissue changed by tumour with the use of argon and a helium-neon laser. The obtained values confirmed the possibility to differentiate not only in terms of quality (change in the spectral curve) but quantity as well (change in intensity of the autofluorescence emission at selected wavelengths). When excited by the He-Ne laser, an approx. 30 a.u. contribution was observed practically throughout the measured interval, the maximum being between 670 - 700 nm, which corresponds to the fluorescence spectre of porphyrins. Normal tissue did not show hardly any activity. When the Ar laser was used, intensity discriminant values ranged only in individual units. Phase II was devoted to verification of the...
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