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The history and development of skiagraphy
Dvořáková, Kristýna ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee) ; Daníčková, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis "The Evolution of Radiography" deals with sequential development of this imaging method. It covers time period from discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, over the conventional Radiography to the current methods and trends of the digital Radiography. For this important discovery, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, german physicist, got the Nobel Prize in 1901. This work provides complex information about X-ray technology and describes the image creation procedure. The "Analog Radiography" chapter describes Radiography equipment and the projection type transition: from the conventional film screen radiography to the computed and direct radiography. In case of the Computed radiography (CR) the cassette containing the X-ray film is replaced by a cassette with the photostimulable phosphor. The manipulation with the cassette is almost the same. But we don't need the dark room to get the final image, it is replaced by the reading device - the scanner. The simplest and optimal imaging system for future is the direct radiography (DR). The direct radiography uses two types of semi-conductor detectors described in detail in this work: with direct and indirect conversion of X- rays to electrical impulses. These semi-conductors are placed under the Bucky grid on examination table or on the...
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Antimicrobial effect of antidepressants. II.
Jánošík, Petr ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
We've investigated the in vitro synergistic antibacterial potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine and fluoxetine) and antibiotics (represented by tetracycline and nalidixine). Activity has been measured against four bacterial CCM strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and eight tetracycline-resistant strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Synergy tests were performed using checkerboard method. We've observed growth or growth inhibition of bacteria, marked the "border" points area out and converted these points to values of relative concentrations in a graph. According to the under-graph area we've counted the CRIC. This coefficient has shown us the type of antibacterial interaction of the SSRI and antibiotics. In most cases we have observed addition of antimicrobial activity of the SSRI and antibiotics (either CCM strains or tetracycline-resistant strains), sometimes indifference and in rare cases also synergism (tetracycline- -paroxetine and tetracycline-fluoxetine against E. coli 2468, nalidixine-fluoxetine against S. aureus CCM, tetracycline-fluoxetine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 421). We have observed a decrease of resistance to tetracycline only in one case (tetracycline-paroxetine against E....
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The writing of Guillebert de Lannoy as an historical source
Svátek, Jaroslav ; Soukup, Pavel (referee) ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor)
Pozdní středověk se vyznačuje zvýšenou aktivitou ve dvou oblastech, které však dosáhly svého největšího rozkvětu v jiných epochách. Jedná se o objevitelské cesty a také křížové výpravy. Cestovatelé pozdního středověku stojí poněkud ve stínu pozdějších velkých zámořských objevů. A přesto, jak daleko by dopluli světoznámí objevitelé jako Vasco de Gama nebo Kryštof Kolumbus, nebýt jejich méně známých předchůdců? Cesty k novým světům těchto velikánů sice ohlašují novou dobu, ale svým myšlením a vnímáním světa stojí ještě pevně ve středověku a příliš se neliší od misionářů 13. a 14. století nebo kupců a poutníků století následujícího. Přesně naopak je tomu s křížovými výpravami. Po svém vrcholu ve 12. a 13. století ve Svaté zemi dožívá tento způsob války v následujících letech s podivuhodnou setrvačností, avšak častěji spíše v hlavách propagandistů než na konkrétních bojištích. Přesto pozdní kruciáty znovu naleznou reálný smysl zejména pod vlivem tureckého nebezpečí. Křesťanská Evropa nadto zkouší uplatnit osvědčený model křížové výpravy také na svém kontinentu. Navzdory vítěznému zakončení španělské reconquisty a pacifikaci pobaltských pohanů nejsou výsledky pozdních kruciát nijak povzbudivé, a to jednak v boji proti kacířským Čechám, tak zejména v konfrontaci s osmanským nepřítelem na Balkáně, kde fatální...
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Progress of the European Commission from the beginning of the European Communities to nowadays
Žihlavníková, Martina ; Klíma, Michal (advisor) ; Faturová, Marie (referee)
Bachelor thesis examines the institution of the European Commission since its establishment until the present with an indication of its development in the future. It focuses on the changes that the institution has undergone under the influence of two major theoretical approaches - intergovernmental and supranational. Its subject is also changing the position of the Commission, which advocates supranational principle in relation to the Council of Ministers and the Parliament. Bachelor thesis analyzes the weakening role of the European Commission through the crisis of empty chair, and the subsequent improvement through the Single European Act. Other changes that the institution has undergone were caused by individual contracts during the further integration process. In conclusion, the thesis analyzes the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty and its possible weakening or strengthening the role of the Commission. Except of changing Commission's position, there is also captured its contribution in the various stages of integration.
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Forbidden Oxygen line emission from the traces of meteors
Habuda, Pavol ; Borovička, Jiří (advisor) ; Šolc, Martin (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to study forbidden green oxygen line emission. It was found out that green line emit mainly in heights 100-110 kilometers, exceptionally below 90 kilometers. Time evolution of green line intensity with respect of heights was investigated in detail. There was suggested theoretical dependency and agreement with observed data was fulfilled. Dependency of integral intensity was investigated as well. Mechanisms of excitation and quenching of green line in emission was proposed in previous studies in 70. of previous century. This work discuss with its results. Efficiency of transformation of kinetic energy of meteoroid to forbidden green line's emission was discussed. The concentrations of atomic oxygen was estimated by several way in heights of green line emission.
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Oligoester matrices with antimicrobial drugs III.
Lazařová, Klára ; Šnejdrová, Eva (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee)
Klára Lazařová Diploma thesis 2008 The aim of this work was the study of the fluconazol and terbinafine release from oligoester carriers branched with various concentration of either mannitol (3M, 5M, 8M) or dipentaerythritol (3D, 5D, 8D) and plasticized with 30 % triethyl citrate (TEC). Theoretical part is occupied with drug delivery systems and the conditions of the coupling of the macromolecules with the biological substrates. The 150,0 mg matrices composed of carrier, drug of 4% and plasticizer TEC of 30% were prepared. They were put to the static dissolution test using phosphate citrate buffer pH 5,0 at 37řC. The drug release was determined spectrophotometricaly at 261 nm for Fluconazole and 283 nm for Terbinafine. Fluconazole release was the fastest from carrier 5D. The carriers 5D and 8D released the drug during three stages, after burst effect was observed constant liberation followed slowing the process. The carriers branched using mannitol released the drug depending of the concentration of the mannitol.
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Micropropagation of Lippia dulcis Trev.
Zubíková, Alžběta ; Fernández Cusimamani, Eloy (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
Lippia dulcis Trev. (Verbenacea) is a perennial herb with a creeping stem from Central America. It is known for its healing properties for problems with the respiratory or digestive system, but also its sweet taste, which causes terpene hernandulcin because of which the leaves of Lippia dulcis Trev. are 1,000 times sweeter than sugar. Generatively, the plant reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by cuttings.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of cytokinins kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with the addition of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and regeneration of plants from nodal segments Lippia dulcis Trev. in vitro conditions.
Nodal segments were cultured on 6-variants of MS medium supplemented with growth regulators at concentrations of 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0 mg / l BAP and KIN with combination 0.5 mg / l IAA and one variant of pure MS medium as a control. Nodal explants were cultured for 35 days (the time of subculturing) and measured every 7 days. The following parameters were evaluated: regeneration, number of shoots, length of shoots, number of nodes, number and length of roots.
The measurement results show that a combination of growth regulators auxin-cytokinin have no positive influence on the growth and regeneration Lippia dulcis Trev. in vitro conditions. The best regeneration (100%), growth (on an average length of the shoots 3.05 +- 1.42) and the highest number of newly created points (5.79 +- 2.4) occurred at the explants cultured on a clean MS medium without addition of growth regulators. Among the variant with pure MS and media variants with the addition of growth regulators are statistically significat defferences, but without a favorable influence on the development of nodal explants.
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The role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer
Veselý, David ; Betka, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Emanuel (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of thyroid gland tumors. There exist a lot of studies describing growth factors production or occurrence directly in the thyroid tissue. The aim of this thesis was to find possible differences in serum concentrations of growth factors in patients with thyroid adenoma and papillary cancer and in healthy people. The finding of suitable peripheral marker could be used in thyroid tumors diagnosis in the future. There was also detected growth factors production by normal thyroid gland and papillary thyroid cancer in a dynamic model of flow tissue culture, under the influence of stimulating substances. The aim was a more detailed understanding of particular growth factors role in a process of thyroid oncogenesis. Growth factors are polypeptides, proteins and glycoproteins with an informative and regulatory function. They have mainly local effects in tissues - autocrine and paracrine. They form an extensive cytokine network in the organism, with complicated synergic and antagonistic linkages. They are not specific for concrete cells, tissues or pathological processes. Many growth factors are products of oncogenes and take part in a process of tumors origin and growth. The most frequently refered growth factors related to thyroid gland tumors are...
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Jehovah's Witnesses
Tůmová, Miluše ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Vrhel, František (referee)
The subject of my doktoral thesis is a study of a group of people, which has created an interesting phenomenon in modern and contemporary world, as well as in Czechoslovak and subsequently Czech history. The Religious Organisation of Jehova's Witnesses (later on ROJW) was founded in the USA at the end of 19th century and started its activities in the Czechoslovak Republic in 1907. Today is this religious group represented in 234 countries and is developing in a dynamic way thanks to its elaborated organisational structure. The aim of my work is not an apology nor accusation of the community of Jehova's Witnesses. From the perspective of a person with no affiliation to any religious doctrine, I am trying to obtain as objective view as possible of the origins, development, activities and specific characteristics of this organisation with special focus on the Czech Republic. Main body of my work is divided into two parts. The first part explains the origins and subsequent development of the ROJW. This part is divided into two chapters (chapter I concentrates on Jehova Witnesses' activities on international level and chapter II on its activities in the course of the Czech history) and is based on different information sources and literature. The second part focuses on main principles of religious doctrine and...
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Folic acid release from branched and crosslinked oligoester carriers
Hanáková, Pavlína ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
ABSTRACT-EN In the thesis were demonstrated possibilities for modification of the release period for folic acid incorporated into matrices prepared from poly(DL-lactic acid) branched by mannit or dipentaerythritol. The range of release process duration from two days to 45 days was demonstrated. Process was shortened by increasing concentration of triethylcitrate used as plasticizer of oligoester carrier, the second possibility concentration of branching agent builded into molecule, and the third one was pH of dissolution medium. Prolongation of release of folic acid was achieved by crosslinking agent as additive incorporated into matrices.
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