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Modelling of fouling and its influence on technical-economic characteristics of tubular heat transfer equipment in units for thermal processing of wastes
Keliš, Michal ; Kohoutek, Josef (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main subject of this study is the improvement of predicative ability of previously developed mathematical model for prediction of so-called “fouling critical velocity”. Attention is devoted especially to the flue gas side fouling process on active heat transfer surfaces in tubular heat exchange tube banks installed in waste incineration process plants and also a technical – economic analysis based on obtained results. The model improvement consists among others in taking into account another forces (electrostatic, capillary etc.) haven't yet been considered, which influence the mutual contact between flue gas particles in case of sedimentation fouling or the contact between particles and heat exchanger tube walls respectively. The improved model has therefore more predicative ability to the reality of fouling process. The results are used for technical – economic analysis, which determines an optimal heat exchanger design with respect to fouling. Furthermore, the algorithm of this analysis, essential fouling mechanisms, fouled heat exchanger surface cleaning methods as well as fundamental knowledge of fouling coefficient prediction are presented, whereas the emphasis is placed on industrial tubular heat exchange equipment installed in waste incineration process plants.
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Pick´s disease and the specifics of the nursing care of a patient with this disease
KOPKAŠOVÁ, Lenka
Pick's disease is a degenerative-atrophic process that primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Besides Alzheimer's disease, it is a lesser known form of dementia which affects people of younger age. Although the exact range of Pick's disease occurrence varies in the literature, the average reported age is between 50-60 years. The disease can change eating habits, cause emotional swings, inappropriate behaviour and sloppy appearance of the patients. The behaviour to others is often selfish, the patients are unable to listen to others and ignore their surroundings. Pick's disease is also characterized by inappropriate sexual behaviour. Globally, the number of dementia patients is still growing and according to expert guesses the increase will continue. Nursing care for patients with dementia is therefore becoming a very actual topic as dementia is called a quiet epidemic of our century. Nurses in their departments quite frequently encounter patients suffering from dementia of various origins at different stages of disability and the staff at healthcare facilities often regard these people as a burden. The aim of this thesis, which is called Pick's Disease and Specifics of Nursing Care for Patients with this Disease, is, based on the theoretical knowledge, to map definitions and diagnosis of Pick's disease, to define the needs of such a patient, and to list the most common problems in the nursing care. It focuses on people with dementia within medical facilities. For proper understanding of the problem, the thesis starts with the anatomy and physiology of the brain and the description of cognitive functions which are affected by the dementia syndrome and the definition of dementia. Based on the studied literature, dementia is divided according to various criteria. It has been found out that dividing dementia is not entirely uniform, but the essential facts and overall opinions of the authors do not diverge. Pick's disease belongs to a group of frontotemporal dementia and its position in this group has changed over time, as it is recorded in the literature. The thesis includes recommendations resulting from the studied literature in the approach to patients with dementia and emphasizes personal communication with the patients and empathetic and humane approach. Although medicine cannot prevent dementia, an early diagnosis of a specific type of dementia and correctly targeted treatment can increase the quality of life not only of the patients but also of their families. I have chosen this topic because I find it very current and interesting. During my nursing practice at the Surgery Department and Aftercare Department, I have met patients suffering from dementia and I did not know how to properly and efficiently communicate with them. For the theoretical part of my work, the methods of explanation, synthesis and induction on the basis of Czech and foreign information sources have been used. The most frequently quoted Czech authors in my thesis are doc. MD. Roman Jirák, PhD., the head of the center for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease at the psychiatric clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague, the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University. This thesis can serve as an informational and educational source both for nurses and the general public who may experience the disease within their families. It would be considered a great success if it helped nurses or family members to diagnose Pick's disease or other dementia at an early stage.
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Analysis of the relationship between interest rate and exchange rate within boarders of a small open economy
Brigant, Michal ; Mandel, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Lukáš (referee)
Primary objective of this thesis was to analyse the relationship between exchange rate and interest rate within borders of a small open economy. Different theoretical approaches often present us with various, sometimes even opposing conclusions when it comes to the matter of direction and intensity of the causal influence between these two variables. From author's point of view it is important to perceive the interaction between exchange rate and interest rate as a dynamic process rather than a static relationship. The empirical analysis was conducted on monthly time series (2000-2012) of three selected small open economies -- Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic. Graphical analysis, linear regression, vector autoregression and cointegration analysis were selected as suitable tools for meeting the objective of this thesis. Models themselves presented us with interesting conclusions, for example a proof of the international Fisher effect, exchange rate causally affecting the interest rate (interest rate differential) in case of spot rates against euro. Another curious phenomena was the inflow of foreign debt capital, which, as it seems, was actually pulling the exchange rate down rather than pushing it up due to rising indebtedness of the economy.
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Functionalization of Poly(Lactic Acid)
Petruš, Josef ; Pospíšil, Ladislav (referee) ; Alexy,, Pavol (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
Teoretická část předložené dizertační práce popisuje princip radikálového roubování a faktory ovlivňující reakční průběh. Radikálové roubování poly(mléčné kyseliny) (PLA) reaktivní modifikací je vhodnou technikou přípravy biodegradabilních polymerních materiálů s rozličnými vlastnostmi. Současný stav problematiky modifikace poly(mléčné kyseliny) radikálovým roubováním v tavenině je obsahem literární rešerše včetně možných aplikací. Experimentální část se zabývá modifikací PLA anhydridem kyseliny itakonové (IAH) radikálovým roubováním v tavenině. Reakce byla iniciována 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexanem (L101). V první části je průběh radikálového roubování pozorován “in situ” pomocí diferenciální kompenzační kalorimetrie (DSC) a termogravimetrické analýzy (TGA). Exotermní pík na DSC záznamu odpovídá průběhu radikálové reakce, na jehož základě lze definovat aktivační energii reakce. Průběh TGA křivky “in situ” radikálové reakce umožňil detekovat vedlejší produkty vznikající v průběhu radikálové modifikace. Ve druhé části byla PLA funkcionalizována reakcí v diskontinuálním laboratorním mixéru za reakčních podmínek navržených dle poločasu rozpadu zvoleného iniciátoru a zpracovatelských podmínek PLA. Reakční teplota 190 °C byla stanovena výpočtem z Arrheniovy rovnice pro reakční čas 6 min. Uvedené reakční parametry byly zvoleny s ohledem na kinetiku rozkladu L101 a potlačení degradace PLA. Infračervená spektroskopie (FTIR) potvrdila navázání IAH na PLA řetězec na základě výskytu –CH2 vibrací s absorpčními pásy při vlnočtu 2860 a 2920 cm-1. Vzrůstající intensita absorpčního pásu 1750 cm-1 potvrdila přítomnost minoritních C=O vibrací anhydridového kruhu překrytých dominantními C=O vibracemi PLA řetězce. Nukleární magnetická rezonance (1H-NMR) nepotvrdila roubování oligomerního IAH na PLA. Koncentrace reaktantů ve zvoleném rozsahu (0.5–10 hm % IAH, 0.1–2 hm % L101) byla použita pro posouzení jejího vlivu na obsah naroubovaného IAH a míru vedlejších reakcí, např. -štěpení, větvení a síťování. Při vysoké koncentraci IAH a L101 byla potvrzena homopolymerace IAH i přes její zanedbávání v tématicky podobných studiích. Tvrzení o IAH homopolymeraci bylo podpořena výsledky kolorimetrické analýzy, charakterizací vzorků připravených polymerací IAH za podmínek radikálového roubování a termickou stabilitou frakcí extrahovaných z PLA-g-IAH. Radikálovou modifikací PLA došlo ke zvýšení flexibility polymerních řetězců díky objemné struktuře IAH navázané na PLA řetězci, což se projevilo poklesem teploty skelného přechodu (Tg). Zvýšený obsah amorfní fáze, hydrofilní chování, rozvětvená struktura a štěpení řetězců má pozitivní vliv na zvýšenou biodegradabilitu PLA-g-IAH v porovnání s nemodifikovanou PLA. Neradikálová degradace, probíhající v průběhu zpracování PLA, byla prokázána změnou tokových vlastností taveniny. Tento nežádoucí jev byl potlačen přídavkem tzv. “prodlužovače řetězců” obsahujícího reaktivní epoxy skupiny. Reakce mezi epoxy skupinami a karboxylovými skupinami byla potvrzena pomocí FTIR a změnou reologických vlastností PLA-g-IAH.
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The aplication of Fair Trade in international trade and its importance for developing countries
Drobná, Alena ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Müllerová, Františka (referee)
We can date the beginning of today's global movement-Fair Trade into the period after the Second World War, into the forties. The way of trade, called Fairtrade, is an alternative approach to conventional trade and is based on a long-term partnership between the producer and the consumer. The basic goals that the movement is determined to achieve are greater equity in international trade, ensure fairer trading conditions and create opportunities for economically disadvantaged producers in developing countries. These goals the organization seeks to achieve primarily through the so-called ,,fair price" at which consumers in developed countries buy fairtrade's products. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part, the theoretical part, is dedicated to the application of Fair Trade in international trade, it's importance and expected effects for developing countries. The practical part, where I used the methods of a questionnaire, has to find out the brand awareness and the issue of Fair Trade in the Czech Republic.
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Aspects of the Slavic verb "to have" - in grammar. Its auxiliation and the grammaticalization of the European analytic perfect type structures "have" + PPP - Bulgarian, Macedonian, and a corpus based study of Czech
Marvanová, Mira ; Čermák, František (advisor) ; Damborský, Jiří (referee) ; Petkevič, Jiří (referee)
The verb "to have" is one of significant elements of the ELA (European Linguistic Area). It belongs to the first stage of europeisms, yet it is not part of the IE heritage and its origin is different in the majority of European languages. Another phenomenon of later date which can be considered a europeism of structural type is the emergence and the development of the analytical perfect habere-tenses or constructions of this type in most of the European so-called haberelanguages, including Slavie. We obviously deal here with an expanding process, the original epicenter of which was Vulgar Latin - with some participation of Greek - in the conditions of centuries-long mutual bilingualism. The subsequent process of diffusion and induction developed several euro-zones out which Slavic represents the two last ones. The process of the europeanization, i.e. its spread ("euro-diffusion") from this epicenter to the European Linguistic Area (ELA), took place firstly in Romance, later in Germanic reaching eventually Slavie through two channels at the threshold of the 20th century. ln the South, this process became one ofthe components ofthe Balkan linguistic integration. It proved to be the most intense in Macedonian as well as in some South Bulgarian dialects which were in direct contact with non-Slavic languages of...
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Analýza a návrh Contact Managementu
Šmehlík, Ivo ; Pour, Jan (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is to provide the management of a company with a self- contained view on problems associated with the Contact Management as one component of the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The thesis is primarily drawn from internet sources in order to obtain the most realistic and accurate view of given problems. The introductory part of this thesis focuses on an analysis of the areas that affect the success of the implementation of Contact Management. It highlights problems with the quality of data in companies, introduces the contributions of business architecture, and the concept of a single customer view within a company. The following part of the thesis focuses on problems involving the integration of data within a company and analyzes the problem areas concerned with the implementation of a uniform integration platform. The main part of the thesis focuses primarily on the return of investment from an application operating Contact Management and also from an active data warehouse as one of the possible solutions for the implementation of Contact Management. The thesis provides a detailed view of the classification of costs and benefits, which is necessary for relevant analysis. Together with a view on the return of investment, the thesis also analyses the design of systems for the management of the active data warehouse. The final part of the thesis focuses on problems with the implementation of householding as one part of Contact Management. This explains a possible way to implement householding within a company. The main contribution of this thesis is, firstly, to develop an overall view of the problems of Contact Management and, secondly, to provide the management of a company with information which is necessary for appropriate decisions about the solution that will radically affect the success of the entire company.
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Development of traffic offenses
Matoušek, Tomáš ; Hřebík, František (advisor) ; Šrédl, Karel (referee)
Driving offences are an actual topic, because there are more and more vehicles on the roads of all the time higher power and all the time more "perfect", while personality of the driver remains the same and the consequences of these driving offences are all the time more fatal. However it is strange that adhering to the traffic rules from the side of drivers is very limited and the whole society subconsciously sees resolution of these offences so that the driver obtains a fine on the spot or the offence is reported to the respective administrative body for further hearing. The reality though is much more complicated, as resolving of traffic offences is dealt with in the Act on offences, Traffic act as well as in the Administrative procedure code. Further facts have to be for instance deducted from the Criminal code. The legislators make every effort to adapt traffic regulations not only to the currently growing occurrence of road rage, but also to set more accented rules, which would be not only respected, but also adhered to, by drivers. Probably the greatest progress in the area of driving offences brought the introduction of so called point system, which has not only repressive but also informative and preventive effect. The essence of this system lies in the fact that the most serious offences and criminal offences are rated by points and when committing these the points add up in the register of the driver up to an exactly defined level, beyond which the driving licence is taken away from the driver. Further breakthrough represents the amendment of the Act No. 361/2000Sb., which, among others, incorporates into its content a part of administrative transgressions such as § 125c - offences, which means that the Misdemeanours act should contain only the general part on offences and a procedure provision regarding offence proceedings.
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Treatment of Liquid Phase of Digestate Enabling More Effective Utilization of Nutrients
Kotrč, Vlastislav ; Švehla, Pavel (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Martin (referee)
The present thesis focuses on theoretical evaluation of possible ways of processing liquid fraction of fermentation residue, allowing more efficient use of nutrients.
The introductory part is devoted to biogas, he described its origin, characteristics and possible uses. It is also characterized by a process of anaerobic fermentation and the factors influencing its course. The resulting products are energy-rich biogas and also mentioned fermentation residue. The fourth chapter describes the principle of operation of a biogas plant and a closer approach to the current situation in the Czech Republic and Europe. The main part deals with the rest of the so-called fermentation. Digestate and in particular its separate liquid component Liquid digestate containing a large amount of nutrients that can be effectively used with appropriate procedures. The final chapter is devoted to a description and critical evaluation of the methods of pre-treatment Liquid digestate.
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Wastewater: plant indicators around mountain chalets – case study "Niklův vrch" and "Rennerovy boudy" (The Krkonoše Mountains National Park, Czech Republic).
Brádlerová, Tereza ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis was solved in Niklův vrch and Rennerovy boudy, areas located in the eastern part of The Krkonoše Mountains National Park.
The main aims of this work were vegetation survey and description of environmental factors by Ellenberg indicator values of meadow areas contaminated by leaked sewage and meadows in their vicinity (referential areas). Another objective of this study was to determine soil pH, acceptable phosphorus and total nitrogen content and heavy metals amount in soil samples. Based on all collected data was proposed future management for each area.
The negative influence of leaking sewage on meadows in Niklův vrch wasn´t confirmed, because of their highly effective cleaning by three-compartment septic tank and biological filter before discharge into surface waters.
Leaked sewage loading was demonstrated in Rennerovy boudy, but only in the area just below the septic tank. The reason of the loading is unsatisfactory condition of the septic tank itself (change to cesspool by blinding discharge and sunken cover). This area was characterized by low species diversity, which is connected with the lowest number of plant species found there (12 species). Based on the habitat of dominant nitrophilous species Urtica dioica and species with nitrophilous tendencies (Alopecurus pratensis, Geranium sylvaticum and Chaerophyllum hirsutum) was determined association Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 here.
Soil from the area affected by the leaked sewage was characterized by the highest pH/KCl and total nitrogen content and also increased contents of acceptable and total P and K compared to other soil samples.
To suppress this undesirable community Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 is particularly necessary to improve the process of purifying leaking sewage by replacement the cesspool for household wastewater treatment plant. The distribution of this community also affects the absence of management. Therefore, it seems necessary to renew one-year mowing by scythe of this area.
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