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Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
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Effect of Sleep Education and Behavioral Techniques on Sleep and Emotional Regulation in Patients with Insomnia.
Smolková, Eliška ; Janků, Karolina (advisor) ; Horáková, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis introduces the topic of a short-termed approach to treating insomnia. The theoretical part addresses healthy sleep and sleep assessment methods. It describes insomnia and a large part of the thesis is devoted to the treatment of this sleep disorder. The thesis introduces the relationship between emotional regulation and sleep. The aim of the empirical part is to investigate the effect of a short program dedicated to insomnia on sleep parameters (time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency), on the severity of insomnia and on difficulties in emotional regulation in individuals suffering from insomnia. The pilot research is examining the variables listed above before and after the programme. The results suggest significant changes in sleep parameters, insomnia severity and difficulties in emotional regulation after the programme. Limitations of the present study are discussed and recommendations for further research in the area of short-term therapies for insomnia are provided. Key words: insomnia; emotion regulation; behavioural approach; cognitive behavioural therapy
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Dual-task training in physiotherapy of people with multiple sclerosis
Kollmerová, Denisa ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Kulich, Václav (referee)
Title: Dual-task training in physiotherapy of people with multiple sclerosis Abstract: This bachelor's thesis focuses on the use of dual-task elements for patients with multiple sclerosis. The thesis is based on theoretical-practical approach. The main goal is to apply therapy involving dual-task for patients with various conditions of multiple sclerosis and to describe five selected dual-task exercices for each patient with photos attached. A secondary goal is to map out dual-task difficulties in a larger sample of patients. The theoretical part is focusing on multiple sclerosis and dual-tasking. The practical part describes the implementation of physiotherapeutic intervention with dual-task elements through case studies of 3 patients with varying degrees of neurological disability, targeted to improve the subjective perception of dual-task and reduce deficits detected within kinesiological analysis, selected functional tests and questionnaires. The outcome assessment predominantly demonstrated improvements in specific tests (some even clinically significant), although in some items, patient's performance or perception remained unchanged or deteriorated. In the feedback questionnaire, patients mostly evaluated this type of intervention positively. For each patient, five selected dual-task exercices were...
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Political trials of the 1950s: a case study
Svoboda, David ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
81 Political trials of the 1950s - a concrete case study (The Babice Case) Abstract The subject of the thesis "Political Trials of the 1950s - a Specific Case Study", subtitled The Babice Case, was a description of the application of the general tools of political persecution used in the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1950s to the specific case of the shooting at the Babice school and the subsequent political trials. Also significant is the aim of placing the political trials in Czechoslovakia in the context of the times and the international political situation, which played an important role in the Babice case. The first chapter of the thesis formulates the aims of the thesis and the background on which it is based. The second chapter of the thesis describes the significance of the political processes and the general background of their organisation. An important part of Chapter 2 of the thesis is a description of the legal framework for the conduct of political trials, focusing both on substantive aspects, such as the newly defined offences, and on procedural issues, especially the limitations on the rights of the accused. The legal biennium, an initiative aimed at changing the legal system to reflect the needs and ideology of the Communist Party, is also described as a significant phenomenon. The third...
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The role of galectins in skin wound healing
Přitasilová, Adriena ; Sedlář, Antonín (advisor) ; Zimolová, Miluše (referee)
Galectins are proteins that bind β-galactosides through their Carbohydrate Recogni- tion Domain (CRD). There have been 16 types discovered in mammals, with only 4 not found in humans. They are present in various cell types and tissues and are involved in numerous physiological functions, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as in several pathological conditions, including inflammatory skin diseases. For example, anti- bodies against galectin-3 cause skin inflammation in lupus erythematosus. During wound healing in a pig model experiment, an upregulation of galectin-1 in the dermis and its neo-expression in the epidermis were observed, along with an increased level of galectin- 7. Galectin-1 plays a significant role especially in the formation of hypertrophic scars (HTS), which result from excessive collagen deposition during wound healing. HTS are erythematous and thick, causing cosmetic defects that could be addressed by modulating galectin activity during healing. Therefore, the aim of this bachelor thesis is to conduct a systematic literature review on the role of galectins in wound healing, considering both their positive and negative effects, with particular emphasis on the role of galectins and their ligands in the formation and regression of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
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The importance of polyploidization in the evolution of grasses of the tribe Triticeae
Papoušek, Lukáš ; Urfus, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
Polyploidization, as a process of chromosome set multiplication, represents one of the most significant forces that shaped the evolution of angiosperms. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of polyploidization is also important. It most often originates through unreduced gametes (less so through somatic polyploidization). Autopolyploids are the result of polyploidization within one species, or population, while the formation of allopolyploids is preceded by interspecific hybridization. Polyploidization also played a major role in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae), which includes economically significant crops (wheat, rye, and barley). The taxonomy ofthe entire tribe, especially the generic concept, has been based on genomic concepts in recent decades. However, taxonomy is considerably complicated, particularly due to hybridization, or allopolyploidization. The result of allopolyploidization and even hybridization itself is a reticulate pattern, and it is not at all easy to determine the boundaries between taxa, even at the generic level. Triticum aestivum can be considered a model species for the study of allopolyploidy, both due to its economic significance and its origin through several rounds of hybridization events. Although allopolyploidy prevails, autopolyploidy can be encountered to a lesser...
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Seasonal dynamics of physiological parameters of Norway spruce needles in mountain forest in relation to water balance of the forest site
Bednář, Pavel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is an important economic tree species in the Czech Republic, which is currently significantly weakened and dying under the impacts of climate change. In young spruce forest stand in mountain region that was artificially established after the large-scale disturbance of forests in the mid-1990s, on the "U Dvou louček" research plot represented by a small forest catchment of an area of 32.6 ha, located in the upper part of the Orlické Mountains at an altitude of 880 - 920 m a.s.l., and in site conditions of predominantly Abieti-fageta piceae - water balance measurements were carried out during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. At the same time, during the mentioned two years, in total 6 samplings of biological material were carried out according to a standardized sampling methodology, and laboratory analyzes were carried out on this material. Laboratory analyzes were focused on three established age categories of needles, namely 1, 2, and 4 or more years old. The biophysical parameters of needles were determined based on the measurement of structural parameters and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids from samples extracted in DMF using a laboratory spectrophotometer. Optical properties of the needles...
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Degree of protein structure disorder in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
Nováková, Zuzana ; Vondrášek, Jiří (advisor) ; Feidakis, Christos (referee)
The structure-function paradigm of protein biology has been fundamentally changed in the last three decades by the discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs). These proteins have been identified as critical components in various cellular processes, including signaling, protein-protein interactions, and regulation. While it is apparent that IDPs/IDRs are vital in the function of living organisms, the study of their structure has posed a great challenge. Despite recent advancements in NMR spectroscopy and deep learning algorithms for protein structure prediction, IDPs/IDRs remain a relatively unnkown territory, with significant gaps in knowledge about their behavior and function in living systems. Although IDPs are present in all life forms, their abundance reveals a correlation between organismal complexity and degree of protein disorder. Prokaryotic organisms exhibit a much lower prevalence of IDPs than eukaryotic. Notably, a substantial degree of disorder is observed in unicellular parasitic protists, implying, that IDPs are fundamental in pathogenesis and the progression of diseases like malaria and toxoplasmosis. In humans, malfunctions in IDPs are linked to many conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons's, Alzheimer's as well as various...
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Ketogenic diet as a treatment for inherited disorders of ATP synthase
Kudrnovská, Barbora ; Mráček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tesařová, Markéta (referee)
The Tmem70 protein plays a significant role in the biogenesis of ATP synthase, mutations in the Tmem70 gene are a common cause of mitochondrial disease and have been associated with neonatal encephalocardiomyopathy. Similar to other mitochondrial disorders, there is currently no available treatment for Tmem70 defects. However, the ketogenic diet (KD) appears to be a potential therapeutic intervention for various mitochondrial disorders, and our preliminary results demonstrate its positive impact in a mouse model of Tmem70 dysfunction. Therefore, using this Tmem70 model, we decided to test a modified KD, which could be a better alternative for a potential application in human patients. The effect of the modified KD was examined in a mouse model of tamoxifen-induced whole-body knockout of Tmem70 (Tmem70 KO). The modified KD led to improved survival, slowed weight loss, and normalization of plasma indicators of liver damage. We detected a positive effect of the modified KD on the assembly of ATP synthase in liver tissue, however, skeletal muscle showed only a minimal response. Based on the results of this study, we infer that although the absence of functional Tmem70 affects both liver and muscle tissues, the greater impact on the phenotypic manifestation in the Tmem70 KO mouse model is due to liver...
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The role of voltage-gated calcium channels in mammalian adipose cells
Pěknicová, Zuzana ; Ryšková, Lucie (advisor) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
Fat cells (adipocytes) are important regulators of adipose tissue and the whole organism. These cells are actively involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and changes in their function and metabolism have a far-reaching impact on an individual's health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the proper functioning of adipocyte cellular processes can significantly aid in the treatment of a number of diseases including obesity, type II diabetes, and others. Therefore, considerable effort is currently being devoted to investigating the various signaling pathways involved in the life of a healthy adipocyte. Calcium, or its active form Ca2+, is an essential tool for cellular signal transduction and triggers a several biologically important processes in most cell types, including adipocytes. This bachelor thesis focuses on the regulation of calcium homeostasis by voltage-gated calcium channels, which appear to be active in the adipocyte, even though it is generally a non-excitable tissue. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the type, structure and function of calcium channels and their effects on adipocyte (patho)physiology. Possible therapeutic benefits based on the regulation of selected calcium channels as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders are also...
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