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Deciding WS1S with Automata
Bednář, Pavel ; Lengál, Ondřej (referee) ; Holík, Lukáš (advisor)
WS1S is second-order logic with simple syntax and semantics, offering great brevity and decidability using finite automata. Unfortunately, the complexity of the decision procedure is nonelementary, which may sounds like a problem for practical applications, but on the other hand it represents a certain space for various heuristics and optimizations. The most widely used tool in this field, Mona, is a demonstration that finite automata with large alphabets can work efficiently, thanks to BDD encoding of transitions. In this work, we present a novel decision procedure for WS1S that combines the classical approach with the Mona approach by integrating the transitions represented by BDD directly into the automaton. In this way, we achieve the efficiency of BDD transitions, but at the same time flexibility thanks to the use of automata only and in addition, compared to BDD, we can skip more variables or work with non-determinism. Experiments shows that we are able to compete with the Mona in some areas and we are also able to create automata with fewer states than Mona in general.
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Systems of Retail Regulation in European Countries
Tkadlečková, Tereza ; Spilková, Jana (advisor) ; Bednář, Pavel (referee)
8 Abstract This thesis contributes to debate on retail development regulation in European territory. The aim of the text is firstly to evaluate differences between instruments that are used to standardize retail development in Europe. Secondly, point out relevance of rules existence to control retail spread. And thirdly elaborate a scheme of typology according to present valid limits in selected countries. The field survey is divided into two parts. It is primarily focused on modern developing period, interprets basic changes and trends of current situation and atractivity of particular regions for next development. Attention is also paid to describe general impact of assessing influence on environment by retail development. As an output of this work is division countries into groups by analysing their system of legislative restriction's structure and mechanisms of commercial planning. Five categories were described by chosen characteristics. One of the characteristics is the relation between competences in hierarchical levels of state authorities. Another example is differences in allocation of decision making in developing process. Keywords: retail impact assessment - commercial planning - regulating indicators
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The Food Deserts Issue - The Case Study of Zlín
Suchý, Jan ; Spilková, Jana (advisor) ; Bednář, Pavel (referee)
8 THE FOOD DESERTS ISSUE - THE CASE STUDY OF ZLÍN ABSTRACT This thesis attempts to provide an introduction to the 'food deserts' theme by outlining how the problem of access to food for households has become an increasingly important issue in the transforming Czech retail market. The first part reviews the development of new types of retail space in the Czech Republic in the past two decades. The emphasis is principally on the growth of new formats of food retailing - supermarkets, hypermarkets and discount stores - which to a greater or lesser extent have affected every local market and supported spatial restructuring of the Czech retailing. On the other hand, it has also changed the pattern of traditional shopping facilities, which in turn have often experienced decline. The second part of this work describes the retail change in Zlín and analyses the local distribution of food retail stores. It takes both quantitative and qualitative approach to define areas with relatively poor access to adequate food provision. There, it particularly focuses on consumers with lower mobility who are thus more restricted in their grocery choice. The last section includes conclusions, mainly the discussion of resulting policy responses, possibilities of prevention of this phenomenon, as well as implications for...
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The Transformation of Retailing in the City of Ostrava: A Geographical Analysis
Bednář, Pavel ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Szczyrba, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mulíček, Ondřej (referee)
Conclusions .{ eeoeraphical summary of the transformation of urban retailing in Ostrava as a specific erarnple of postcommunist city (i.e. factors for the accomplishment of the transition): o nerv sPatial paftern of localization of shopping centres and new ýpes of retail outlets (towards car bome consumer - winners on the demand side) o assortment decline or commercial bligbt of traditional shopping centres in prefabricated housing estates o spatial oligopolization of the local market in grocery retailing by intemational retail chains (winners on the supply side) o strengthening competition among different types of grocery retail outtets (i.e. supermarkets vs. hard discounts) o spatial differentiation of retail outlets in their ownership structure (international and national vs. regional and retailers) o new urban forms in urban morphology o new urban functions on the edge of the compact city (i.e. commercial areas with monofunctional retail clusters or Aee standing stores without spatial links both functional and morphological to surrounding urban space). o changing of urban life sýle and time-space pattems of moving peop|e in the city (changing shopping trips and shopping behaviour) o creation of food deserts in the zone of individual family housing a increasing spending time in commercial private space...
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Algorithmic Solution for Determining the Age of a Person Based on 2D Photography Using Artificial Intelligence
Bednář, Pavel ; Goldmann, Tomáš (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
Automated person's age estimation from a facial image is one of the challenges in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Age estimation is often a non-trivial complexity for a person, unlike other biological characteristics such as determining gender or race. Information about an individual's age is very important for certain situations. For example, when committing an offense or crime, the amount of the sentence is co-determined by age. This information can also be used in the analysis of customers of a commercial entity and the subsequent adjustment of the offer. The aim of this work is to be able to extract his age from a photograph of a human face. The algorithm consists of two modules. If the first module says that the person is under 14 years old, the image will go to the second module. Furthermore, another version of the algorithm is proposed with an added module focused on selected facial features. In all modules transformations are performed on the image and their results are averaged. Finally, the algorithm is evaluated on standard datasets for age estimation and compared with state-of-the-art methods in this area.
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Projekt rekonstrukce kalamitních holin na území Arcibiskupských lesů a statků Olomouc
Bednář, Pavel
The topic of the bachelor thesis is concerning reforestation of calamitous cleared forest areas and withering spruce stands (Picea abies, L. Karsten) in the property of Olomouc archbishopric’s forests and estate (Arcibiskupské lesy a statky Olomouc) located in Hostýn Highlands in cadastral territory of Rajnochovice municipality. The first part deals with the causes of spruce wilting at the present and analysis of these causes in the researched location. The practical part concerns complex reforestation project including choice of tree species composition, proposed reforestation method and followed by recommended landscape aftercare until its forest stand provisioning. Further, the bachelor thesis includes overall economic calculation of proposed project concerning reforestation and forest stand provisioning.
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Impact assessment of the shopping mall construction on the city centre
Zavřelová, Pavla ; Spilková, Jana (advisor) ; Bednář, Pavel (referee)
This thesis focuses on problems related to unregulated construction of shopping malls in the city centres. Shopping malls are often built considering their negative effects on small merchants, urban environment etc. This particular problem was analyzed in two cities (Pardubice and Liberec) using elements of Retail Impact Assessment study and counterfactual impact evaluation method. Results showed that placing the shopping malls to the city centre changes the structure of retail units in its vicinity. Since customers prefer larger shopping facilities, their shopping behaviour changes, and small merchants are forced to addapt and compete with "all under one roof" shopping centers. Some of them cannot compete with these centers and are forced to close. Contribution of this research focuses on application of unique methods which indicated a need to regulate and coordinate building of large shopping centers within Czech cities. Key words: retail impact assessment, city centre, vitality, shopping mall
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