|
|
Multilingual Entity Linking Using Dense Retrieval
Farhan, Dominik ; Straka, Milan (advisor) ; Bojar, Ondřej (referee)
Entity linking (EL) is the computational process of connecting textual mentions to corresponding entities. Like many areas of natural language processing, the EL field has greatly benefited from deep learning, leading to significant performance improvements. However, present-day approaches are expensive to train and rely on diverse data sources, complicating their reproducibility. In this thesis, we develop multiple systems that are fast to train, demonstrating that competitive entity linking can be achieved without a large GPU cluster. Moreover, we train on a publicly available dataset, ensuring reproducibility and accessibility. Our models are evaluated for 9 languages giving an accurate overview of their strengths. Furthermore, we offer a detailed analysis of bi-encoder training hy- perparameters, a popular approach in EL, to guide their informed selection. Overall, our work shows that building competitive neural network based EL systems that oper- ate in multiple languages is possible even with limited resources, thus making EL more approachable.
|
|
|
Ceramic materials and composites for advanced applications
Mařák, Vojtěch ; Částková, Klára (referee) ; Michálková,, Monika (referee) ; Drdlík, Daniel (advisor)
Tato dizertační práce se zaměřuje na pokročilou oxidovou keramiku a částicové a vrstevnaté kompozity. Studované materiály zahrnují biokeramický hydroxyapatit, termomiotický wolframan hlinitý a bezolovnaté piezoelektrické materiály na bázi titaničitanu barnatého. Příprava těchto keramik má několik omezení ovlivňující finální vlastnosti, zahrnující použití toxických stabilizátorů, nízké zhutnění, náchylnost k praskání, vznik nežádoucích chemických reakcí, nízké mechanické a elektrické vlastnosti. Tato práce řeší tyto problémy přizpůsobením jednotlivých kroků zpracování a použitím progresivních výrobních metod pro optimalizaci požadovaných funkčních vlastností materiálů. Úprava hydroxyapatitového prášku studenou plazmou umožnila elektroforetickou depozici bez toxických stabilizátorů, což vedlo k hutnějším povlakům bez trhlin. Praktický benefit tohoto přístupu byl demonstrován v případě bezdefektních hydroxyapatitových povlaků ortopedických šroubů. Termomiotický wolframan hlinitý, vyznačující se svým téměř nulovým koeficientem tepelné roztažnosti, byl syntetizován optimalizovanou koprecipitací za účelem zlepšení slinovatelnosti prášku. Rychlé beztlaké slinování a slinování plazmovou jiskrou byly použity ke zhutnění materiálu, přičemž bylo dosaženo dosud nejvyšších publikovaných hodnot hustot při nejnižší slinovací teplotě. Vývoj mikrostruktury piezokeramiky titaničitanu barnatého byl studován pomocí rychlého beztlakého slinování a slinování s pomocí radiace. Získané poznatky byly využity pro slinování částicových kompozitů na bázi titaničitanu barnatého vyztuženého oxidovými keramikami. Vysoká reaktivita mezi zvolenými materiály měla negativní vliv na vlastnosti kompozitů a jeden z reakčních produktů byl podrobněji charakterizován. Byly připraveny vrstvené kompozity střídáním vrstev na bázi titaničitanu barnatého a dielektrického oxidu zirkoničitého. Vysoká reaktivita piezoelektrických materiálů byla potlačena volbou slinovací strategie. Souhrnným cílem této disertační práce je posunout vědění v oblasti vlastností a zpracování keramických materiálů, poskytnout náhled na optimalizaci funkčnosti a řešit kritická omezení v různých aplikacích.
|
|
|
A set of preparatory exercises for freestyle snowboarding and applications for athletes with visual impairment
Zvěřina, Petr ; Kovařovic, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Daďová, Klára (referee)
Title: Set of preparatory exercises for freestyle snowboarding and their application for athletes with visual impairments Objective: The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to create a set of preparatory exercises for freestyle snowboarding focused on training and improving technique. Additionally, to develop modifications of these exercises for individuals with visual impairments, enabling them to actively participate and enhance their skills in freestyle snowboarding. Methods: The methodology involved thorough literature review and in-depth interviews with four freestyle snowboarding coaches from the Czech Republic. The interviews provided qualitative data on current trends, training methodologies, and strategies. The gathered information was analyzed and coded, resulting in the creation of a set of preparatory exercises for beginners and slightly advanced individuals, taking into account the needs of those with visual impairments. Results: The results of my work revealed deficiencies in the literature on snowboarding in the Czech Republic, especially in the area of methodology for practicing freestyle tricks and training methods. I have developed specific exercises along with modifications for individuals with visual impairments, which will serve as a methodological guide for basic freestyle...
|
|
|
The Journey of Achieving the Desired Career of the Musical Choreographer Petra Parvoničová (television document)
Muška, Šimon ; Macková, Veronika (advisor) ; Lokšík, Martin (referee)
To become a professional dancer is very difficult. Studying at a dance conservatory is both physically and emotionally demanding. The television documentary The Journey of Achieving the Desired Career of the Musical Choreographer Petra Parvoničová tells the story of one of the most sought-after choreographers in the Czech Republic. Achieving her dream was very difficult. During the studies at the Dance Conservatory in Prague, students had to regularly weight themselves, which led to eating disorders that Petra suffered during her studies and several years after finishing the conservatory. Although she did not want to pursue dance after graduating, after two years she decided to join the ballet company of the Josef Kajetán Tyl Theatre in Pilsen and began to train herself in other styles of dance. She founded her own dance studio, Dance Center Petry Parvoničové, and became a choreographer of not only musicals, but also dramas, operas, and operettas. The documentary shows how challenging the study of dance is and how it can affect the life of a graduate for a long time.
|
|
|
The Relationship of the Grand Old Party to the Equal Rights Amendment and the Influence of Disinformation on Its Failed Ratification
Ryšavá, Aneta ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kýrová, Lucie (referee)
The Relationship of the Grand Old Party to the Equal Rights Amendment and the Infuence of Disinformation on Its Failed Ratification Aneta Ryšavá Abstract This bachelor thesis, titled "The Relationship of the Grand Old Party to the Equal Rights Amendment and the Influence of Disinformation on Its Failed Ratification," deals with the Equal Rights Amendment and opposition against the amendment. The thesis aims to answer the question of whether arguments against the opposition can be called disinformation. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter explores the definition of "disinformation." The second chapter introduces the Equal Rights Amendment and outlines its history. The third chapter focuses on Phyllis Schlafly and the opposition she formed against the amendment. The fourth chapter is the longest, examining the most common arguments against the amendment and assessing whether they can be classified as disinformation. The fifth and final chapter discusses the Republican Party and its changing opinion on the amendment. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the arguments against the amendment can be considered disinformation and how they influenced the Republican Party's opinion on the amendment. After analyzing the party's stance on the amendment, I conclude that the Republican...
|
|
|
Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) during the selection process for the COMMANDOS group
Zýka, Erik ; Maleček, Jan (advisor) ; Sovák, Libor (referee)
Title: Analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) during the Selection Process for the COMMANDOS Group. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in heart rate variability among individual participants during the selection process for the COMMANDOS group and to compare them with each other. Methods: This theoretical-empirical study focused on monitoring changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during the selection process for the COMMANDOS group, which lasted from Friday 2 PM until Sunday noon. The research sample consisted of 15 students physically and mentally demanding selection process led to the gradual dropout of participants, with only two completing the entire measurement. The initial measurement was taken on Friday at 14:00, and further measurements were taken at least twice a day, with intervals not exceeding 10 hours between measurements, totaling 7 measurements. Flexi Guard measuring systems, which allow long-term telemetric monitoring of health- physiological parameters in real time, were used for the measurement. Before the start of the selection process, participants completed a resilience questionnaire to assess their mental resilience. During the measurements, responses to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Perceived...
|
|
|
Coded Correspondence of Matthias Gallas and the Emperor Ferdinand III.
Šimsová, Barbora ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hojda, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis contributes to previous research on coded documents of the early modern period that are kept in archives in the Czech Republic. It is focused on a set of coded letters sent by Ferdinand III, the King of Hungary and Bohemia and the future Holy Roman Emperor, to Matthias Gallas between 1635 and 1638. It aims to analyse the content of this correspondence and to interpret the particular coded messages in a broader historical context. For the purpose of the interpretation, the thesis is supplemented with an edition of decoded letters that are published at full length. The coded parts of the letters are marked in this edition. A more detailed explanation of facts and individuals of that historical period is provided in the edition's note apparatus. Based on the analysis, the thesis explains what kinds of messages were coded by Ferdinand III in the period in question and what was his motivation for doing so.
|
|
|
The effect of the smoking ban in bars and restaurants on the health of the non-smoking population in Czech Republic
Bláhová, Adéla ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Lušková, Martina (referee)
In 2017, the Czech Republic became one of many European countries to adopt a comprehensive smoking ban prohibiting smoking in various public places including bars and restaurants. This thesis estimates the effect of this policy on the health of Czech non-smokers. To evaluate the impact of the smoking ban, we apply the difference-in-differences method to compare our treatment group, i.e. Czech non-smoking population, with the control group represented by non- smokers from the Slovak Republic, where such a policy was not implemented. The study used micro-level data from the European Health Interview Survey in 3 subsequent waves: 2009, 2014, and 2019. Two econometric models were employed on two distinct dependent variables, that were chosen as proxies of health. Firstly, the presence of longstanding health problem is modeled utilizing logistic regression. Subsequently, the number of nights spent in the hospital in the past 12 months is estimated by a Zero-inflated negative binomial model. We found a significant decrease in both the probability of experiencing a longstanding health problem and the expected number of nights spent in the hospital, suggesting that the smoking ban positively affected the health of the Czech non-smoking population. Keywords smoking ban, health, passive smoking, EHIS, Czech...
|
|
|
Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
Vašků, Markéta ; Smutný, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Markéta Vašků Supervisor: PharmDr. Tomáš Smutný, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) Drug-induced liver injury is a common reason for halting the development of new drugs and has led to the withdrawal of several drugs from the market in the past. This diploma thesis aims to describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for drug hepatotoxicity and present both methods of preclinical and clinical testing of drugs to detect potential hepatotoxicity and examples of hepatotoxicity. Five mechanisms are currently known to cause DILI, namely mitochondrial damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lysosomal damage, inhibition of bile acid transport, and activation of the immune response. However, these mechanisms have not fully been explored yet and require further research. Unfortunately, even testing still falls short of perfection. Neither preclinical in vitro models nor animal models are completely satisfactory and cannot reliably detect DILI. The same applies to clinical testing. DILI is very complex and usually requires the interplay of multiple factors, which may not be reflected in clinical testing. Particulary,...
|
|
|
Fire as an alternative way of the landscape management
Maximov, Fedor ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Martin (referee)
Prescribed burning is a method that has been used since prehistoric times to keep unforested areas. In pastures, fire was used to remove dead biomass, return nutrients to the soil and improve forage quality, as well as to convert forests fields to a shifting agriculture. The abandonment of burning in the last century has led to an accumulation of plant biomass in the landscape. This, combined with global warming, is now creating the threat of dangerous fires. In 2022, controlled burning was allowed in the Czech Republic as a way of managing habitats that are at risk of becoming woodland without proper management. Rare heliophilous plant and animal species are tied to them. It would therefore be advisable to reintroduce this management method, together with monitoring and control of its effects on species and communities. The aim of this backelor thesis is to summarise the existing knowledge about prescribed burning in Europe. It also describes how controlled burning affects the dynamics of dry grasslands and heathlands. The main focus is on attributes of controlled burning that can be used to maintain selected habitats. Keywords: fire, vegetation, landscape management, succession
|
guest ::
