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Changing the access to ensuring fire protection at The Temelin Nuclear Power Station after the accident at The Fukusima Nuclear Power Station.
KŘÍŽEK, Luboš
The theme of the dissertation is a change in an approach to securing fire protection in the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant after the accident in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. The theoretical part is an introduction to fire protection. It especially points out the statutory obligations applicable for both the public and the private sector, which are transferred to the companys fire rescue corps too. At the same time, fire protection is interconnected with legislation and specified in greater detail in EU countries. The theoretical part describes the process of building a uniform information system, safety-related issues and prevention of dangerous situations. The theoretical part summarizes the history of the nuclear energy industry, from the discovery of the disintegration of the uranium nucleus in 1938 and the first controlled reaction of uranium liberation by splitting a nucleus in 1942, when, at the same time, the first reactor was built. Unfortunately, this discovery did not only familiarize mankind with positive aspects associated with a controlled reaction, but it also showed the dark side of nuclear energy in the form of atomic bombs used mainly in the course of the World War II. After the World War II, civil defence organizations were gradually founded in the world. The main goal of all these organizations was to prevent nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel from being spread. At the present time there are three strong international organizations dealing with nuclear fission. Despite all the efforts to build a system of radiation protection, environmental protection and impacts on living organisms were not elaborated fully. First, passive attitudes aimed at protective equipment were the central theme, and these passive attitudes have been reflecting in an active approach to environmental protection in the past few years, the goal being to eliminate phenomena giving rise to threats to the environment and life as such. The actual history of nuclear power plants is very complex and complicated. The principle of all these power plants, no matter what type of reactor their operation is based on, is always nuclear fission the trouble is that in this case any wrong handling or storage has immense consequences for the whole world's population. The development of the nuclear energy industry in the Czech Republic was slow, which was caused by the occupation of the Jáchymov uranium mines by the Soviet Army after the World War II. Based on an agreement with Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Army exported the uranium extracted to the Soviet Union and left just 10% of it in the territory of Czechoslovakia. At that time, nuclear power plants began to be built in Czechoslovakia, such as the Jaslovské Bohunice Nuclear Power Plant, Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant and the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant as the last one, whose construction was started in times of Czechoslovakia, but which was completed and put into operation in times of the existence of the Czech Republic. The research is focused on emergency events which were the cause of the accident in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. Based on an FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis), the issues related to the activities of the company's fire rescue corps were specified. Another analysis is focused on the evaluation of outside and inside factors and evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the company's fire rescue corps. Utilizing an FMEA, possible risks and failures are detected. The goal of this analysis is to eliminate risks and increase safety. The result is objective evaluation and increase in safety within the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. A considerable negative aspect of this analysis is that it is very time consuming and varies in time due to the changeability of the factors monitored. The result of all the work is the evaluation of the existing state of the company's fire rescue corps through a SWOT analysiS.
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Department of Civil Protection in the army in the Czech Republic since 1989
ŽÁKOVÁ, Markéta
This paper has two parts, theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part consists of five subchapters and these are dividend into several parts. In the first subchapter I describe the term civil defence as well as its long history that has been recorded since 1929, surpassing the Second World War. The second subchapter contains an explanation of what kind of services are included in the civil defence and their brief description. These services were composed of units intended to civilians and soldiers. They have been used for rescue and clean up operations when emergencies as epidemics or epiphytie have occurred. The third subchapter details the legislative history of civil defence. This subchapter is divided into eight parts each of which describes a specific period of legislative changes. The first legislation related to civil defence Act no. 82/1935 Coll., on the protection and defense against air attacks, which laid the foundations for further legislation. During the Second World War, the legislation did not change, it just changed the name civil defence to "Luftschuz". However, officially the name "civil defence" appeared first in 1992. After that year it became a significant change in this area. The fourth subchapter describes the development of the prewar Czechoslovak army in the period since 1918 to 1938. I describe subsequent modernization and reorganization of the Czechoslovak army, which was aimed to defend us against our only enemy which was Germany. Our army was one of the best armies from all over Europe, even though it was dissolved due to the occupation. In the fifth subchapter the postwar development of the army is analyzed . The fifth subchapter has six parts, in which the development is divided into particular time periods. The biggest changes in the military occurred in 1948 due to the onset of communism in our country, after extensive reorganization in 1968 after the invasion of Soviet troops, and finally in 1993 after the split of Czechoslovakia into two independent countries. The practical part of my work is rather theoretical, because of the thesis of my work and its objectives. My work consists of four chapters, which are the research question, methodics, results and discussion. The second chapter contains of two subchapters in which the research question and methodics. In the subchapter that deals with research issue, I describe literally the name and the research question, "What is the development trend of civil defense in the army in the Czech Republic since 1989?" The development trend is decreasing and it is because the civil defense troops have to depart beyond the borders of our country and can not fight. In the second subchapter I describe the methodology that I have processed my work with. The third chapter contains the main results of my thesis, which describe the history and changes in the structure of 15th Engineer Regiment. Furthermore, the results describe also the history of the engineer battalion, their structure, tasks, utilization, equipment and technology. Moreover I focus on various laws, rules, regulations, contracts and agreements, which are in accordance with the deployment of forces and means of military rescue units of the Army of the Czech Republic. The results also contain tables of the amount of engineers and rescue workers in the 15th Engineers Regiment, as they changed over time since 2003 until 2013, from which the changes occurred in the numbers. These numbers are set in the graph to show effectively the decrease of the civil defense troops in the country. The fourth chapter is a discussion in which I describe changes in the number of military units of civil defence and the reasons why these changes has occurred. These departments were transferred to other sections or canceled. As a matter of fact, the Rescue Battalion Hlucin has been transferred to the subordination of the Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic.
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The evacuation of villages in Vyškov region in 1939-1945. The broadening of the Vyškov military area for the needs of German occupying army
Leznar, Marek ; Kokoška, Stanislav (referee) ; Šedivý, Ivan (advisor)
The Vyškov Military Area was established for the needs of the Czechoslovak military forces in 1935 in the area of former woodland of the Olomouc Bishopric. There was established the training centre for tankists, the casern and a few tankist units by the year 1938. After the occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia by German army in 1939 the Vyškov Military Area passed over to the control of wehrmacht. Its command with cooperation of German Protectoral Offices decided the broadening of Vyškov Military Area for its needs to the prejudice of surrounding villages. Germans for the expropriation of the surrounding area used the law of the First Republic number 25 from 1935 about the expropriation of the real estate for purpose of the defence of the state. The whole action was the responsibility of the Protectorate Land Office for Bohemia and Moravia (Bodenamt) - the seat in Prague - which established in Vyškov the Office of Relocation. It was subordinated to the Protectorate Department of Home Affairs. The moving of villages in the zone around Vyškov began in spring in 1941 and finished in the end of 1944.
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The State defence guard
Palaczuk, Jaroslav ; Kvaček, Robert (referee) ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor)
When Hitler took over the power in Germany in 3 o. J anuary 1933 there was graduating pressure on Third Reich neighbouring countries. As the first ones, who felt the political changes in Germany, were representatives of Czechoslovakia. Hilter's increasing armament rate and his disregard for international treaties resulted in military preparations of Czechoslovak state for unavoidable ware conflict. One of the precautions was founding of "The State defence guard" organization. Hs main aim was to increase of security on Czechoslovak borders both in peace and in war. "The State defence guard" units composed of state police members, local policemen, financial guard and weekend soldiers from border areas. They were well traind for their mission in 1937 and properly armed and supported. The secret directive G-XI-2 determined particular activity of "The State defence guard" in the whole Czechoslovakia. Since September 1938 until March 1939 these units fought with German, Hungarian and Polish intruders of Czechoslovk borders. This work is dedicated to a preparation stadium of "The State defence guard" since 1936 till 1938.
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Military expenses of Czechoslovakia in the years 1933-1939
Král, Jaroslav ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
My bachelor's work deals with the financing of the Czechoslovak Army in the period before World War II. First part describes the formation and financing Czechoslovak Army after estabilishment of an independent state. Second part deals with the defense of the state loan. I analyze the conducts of goverment under ever increasing threath of war and its efforts to obtain the means to defend the Republic. The most part of my bachelor's work is about the building and financing of the fortifications of the Czechoslovak Republic and about people who participated in building forts. I focus on the length of their working time, the size of salaries and conditions in the workplace. The main contribution of this work is a comprehensive view of the behavior of Czechoslovak citizens, political and military leaders who tried to prepare for the defense of the Republic.
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Loyal Guard in years 1946 to 1948, a weekly magazine of the Association of the Czechs from Volhynia
Buchtová, Martina ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Krejcar, Robert (referee)
This disertation called "Loyal Guard in years 1946 to 1948, a weekly magazine of the Association of the Czechs from Volhynia" describes the development of the interest magazine of the Czechs from Volhynia in its first three years. The paper shortly portrays the history of the Czech from Volhynia - departure from the czech country, their lives in Volhynian part of the Ukraine a postwar re-emigration to the Czechoslovakia. Main part of the disertation centers on establishing nonpolitical and nonparty organisation called the Association of the Czech from Volhynia and its official magazine as a reaction to the topical problems of the Czechs who returned after the World War Two. It focuses on the content of the magazine, the profile of its regular sections, the most important subjects it printed (re-emigration, settlement a adaptation) and major anniversaries of the Czech from Volhynia (the burn-out of Český Malín, the battle of Dukla). The paper emphasized its irreplaceable part as a source of important news in the lives of the Czechs From Volhynia. It follows the how Loyal Guard informed on the subject of the oncoming eletions in 1948 and the stand it took after the events in February 1948. It also tries to outline the topical changes that ocurred during the year of 1948. The disertation also shortly...
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Builders and defenders of artillery fortresses of Czechoslovak fortificatinon 1935 - 1938
Kužel, Petr ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaček, Robert (referee)
Still burning question of defense of the Czechoslovakia in September 1938 is constantly living in minds of many researchers even after seventy years since the humiliating Munich Agreement has been signatured. Most massive elements of the Czechoslovak defense system were called artillery fortresses including an extensive underground corridors, connecting infantry blocks designed for advanced technical mechanisms of the interwar period. Chapters of the thesis try to open new perspectives on the reason for the construction of fortification in our latitudes, great organization of groups providing construction and excellent qualities of special trained soldiers showed not only during preparations to defend the fortresses, but also after dissolution of theirs border guard units. Keywords Czechoslovakia 1938, Munich agreement, fortification, artillery fortress
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Border protection and generating of the image of the extraneous enemy in Czechoslovakia 1948-1956
Palivodová, Eva ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Michela, Miroslav (referee)
The topic of the graduation thesis is border protection and the generating of the image of the extraneous enemy in Czechoslovakia between the years 1948 and 1956. The thesis emphasizes the continuity of the system of border protection with the previous development. On this account the thesis makes a survey of the development of the system of border protection in Bohemia and Czechoslovakia. The thesis describes the development of establishment of border protection authorities, the instruments of border protection, then deals with the questions of so-called border zone and forbidden zone and describes some components of everyday life of the border guards in the fifties. Second part of the thesis deals with the questions of generating of the propaganda image of the border guard and the extraneous enemies, who the border guard fought against. This image made by communist propaganda affected the inhabitants significantly and upheld the system of border protection. It formed the opinions of the inhabitants about the frontier-guard and the extraneous enemies.
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Assigned forces and assets of the Armed Forces within Integrated Rescue System of the Czech Republic
Kopecká, Jana ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title: Assigned forces and assets of the Armed Forces within Integrated Rescue System of the Czech Republic. Objectives of work: - to describe the past development and current status of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic over specific periods since establishment of independent Czechoslovakia until the year 2005; - to briefly specify the development and role of Civilian Protection Force (equivalent of National Guard) within the period of 1918 until 2008; - to point out the most significant milestones of Integrated Rescue System (IRS) development and to introduce a legal framework, core tasks and main bodies of Czech Republic IRS; - to explain mutual relationship and cooperation between IRS and the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic in relation to legal aspects; - to describe principles and procedures for requesting and deployment of Armed Forces assets assigned to rescue assistance and disaster relief operations; - to briefly summerize Armed Forces rescue battalions, respectively their specific units allocated to overall Integrated Rescue System; Method: collection of data using subject literature and IRS database with follow up analysis and selection. Keywords: Armed Forces, rescue and training bases, assigned forces and assets, General Staff
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