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Problematika karcinomu čípku, zdravotně sociální dopady onemocnění
MÜLLEROVÁ, Jana
The objective of the bachelor thesis focused on this topic was monitoring of the system of prevention and therapy of precanceroses and cervical cancer, including the medicosocial impacts of the disease in a population of Czech women. The studied cohort consisted of women living in the South Bohemian region, Central Bohemia and Prague who underwent the complex treatment of cervical cancer. The experimental part of the thesis was performed using questioning strategy along with data collection using an anonymous questionnaire. Surprisingly, the research implies that most of the women became ill with cervical cancer despite undergoing the gynecological examinations regularly before disease onset. Thus, this prophylactic method was unable to prevent them from the disease development. The amount of information regarding the risk of internal genital cancer is insufficient, even if provided by a gynecologist. The strongest distress associated to the disease was represented by the course of treatment itself, both in somatic and psychic sphere. In half of the cases, the negative impact of treatment on the psyche of the women was confirmed. More than half of the women that underwent the treatment do not work. At the same time, it was revealed that the consequences of the disease have negative effects on intimate life with the partner, however, the partnerships didn{\crq}t break up. The results imply that it is necessary to evaluate and improve the interpretation quality of colposcopic and cytologic examinations at the level of local ambulances. At the moment, the planned vaccination seems to be the best measure in prevention of the disease. It is necessary to promote the level of awareness about the issue, preferably within the framework for sexual health education of girls in the primary schools and consequently during the preventive visits in gynecological ambulances. Based on physician {--} psychologist cooperation, the psychological distress in the course of treatment can be managed by providing psychological counseling already during the hospital treatment. The earlier return of the patient to work can be achieved by integrating the patients into the complex rehabilitation process. Cervical carcinoma represents a serious illness and it should be in the interest of our society to improve and perfect the system of its awareness and prevention.
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Acute ischemic heart disease - optimizing of nursing process in pre-hospital emergency care
BALOUN, Radek
This bachelor's thesis is entitled Acute ischemic heart disease ? optimizing of nursing process in the pre-hospital urgent care; its theoretical part deals with the nursing process, describing the base of the nursing process as well as its history, introducing into the practice, it defines and describes the individual stages and explains, how to make up the nursing plan and how to create the nursing diagnosis. The second part of the theory is devoted to the acute ischemic heart disease. The anatomy of the cardiovascular system, individual diseases and their causes, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment in the pre-hospital urgent care are characterized.
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Nnursing care for patients with facial injuries
TONCAROVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the nursing care of the patient with facial injuries. Injuries to the face is a synonym for many types of injuries. This term is a soft tissue injury, facial trays, teeth, nose, eye, orbit, burns, frostbite, fractures of the lower and upper jaws, Le Fort fractures and dislocations of the jaw. This, the patient needs nursing care quality, whose sister is a carrier. Sister focuses on the specifics of care and knows how to take care of the sick . The work includes theoretical and practical part. Introduction The theoretical part consists of the types of facial injuries. It builds on the already soft tissue injuries, lower, middle and upper face floor. The thesis continues with information about the causes of disease, diagnostic methods, first aid, treatment, complications and treatment of the orofacial region. Then comes the topic, which includes intervention in a patient with facial injuries within nursing care. Essential topics are dealing with oral hygiene, dressing, pain and nutrition. The following are the communication skills of nurses and rehabilitation of the orofacial region. The practical part consists of a qualitative research using semi-structured interview, which consists of 17 questions. The research sample consisted of nurses traumatology department of the Czech Budějovice Hospital a.s. taking care of patients with facial injuries. Interviews were, after approval of the principal and chief nurse at the appropriate department, where these nurses work. Chats are completely anonymous, a free choice of nurses. After approval of the nurses station to request interviews were sisters recorded in writing on paper. The research took place at the beginning of April 2014.
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Physiotherapy of patient with Morbus Scheuermann - casuistry
Muráňová, Jana ; Mende, Karel (advisor) ; Vacek, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the Scheuermann's disease, more precisely about passed Scheuermann's disease and its consequences. The theoretical part is focused on general information, such as etiopathogenesis, course of disease, diagnosis and treatment options, including surgery. There are two casuistries of two probands in a practical part, who after the clinical examination conducted mainly self-therapy. The practical part is focused on the influence of exercising on the overall health of the patient with diagnosis of Scheuermann's disease.
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Lysosomal inherited disorders - pathobiochemistry of the Gaucher disease
Illner, Jan ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee)
Gaucher disease is one of the lysosomal storage disorders belonging to inherited defects of catabolism of sphingolipids. These defects are caused by mutation in genes of sphingolipid hydrolases or their protein activators. Subsequent storage of non-degraded sphingolipids leads to severe clinical phenotypes in patients. Gaucher disease is caused by deficiency of lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) activity. Non-degraded glycosphingolipids are glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylpsychosine (lyso-GlcCer). Accumulation of these glycosphingolipids is related to Gaucher cells which are derived from macrophages and are abundant in spleen, liver or lung. The objective of the diploma thesis is pathobiochemistry of above mentioned glycosphingolipids. One of the topics of this work was optimization of mass spectrometry method for determination of activity of lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase, using a natural substrate. The method was successfully optimized and can be effectively used for diagnostic purpose, instead of methods utilizing artificial substrates. In the next step, we performed analysis of pH profiles of lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase activity focusing to search for non-lysosomal enzyme, which is able to degrade glucosylceramide. Evaluation of pH profiles did not confirm the existence of such an...
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The role of nurses in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
CICHROVÁ, Lenka
The thesis seeks to examine the role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Today, CVD are one of the most frequent causes of death in adults worldwide. In Europe they are involved in up to 40% of deaths annually. These diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and can occur in several forms, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke or high blood pressure. Therefore, primary prevention is a vital part of nursing interventions. Prevention of CVD is closely linked to the awareness of risk factors. Hence, it should be aimed at proper handling of such factors or possible treatment. The work is composed of two parts, the first part being theoretical and the second practical. Two objectives were set for this thesis. Firstly, to map out the role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases; secondly, to determine whether nurses in GP surgeries are involved in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The following research questions were defined: ?What is the main role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases???How do nurses in GP surgeries engage in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases???Do nurses in GP surgeries use the SCORE risk charts??The qualitative research revealed that nurses are most often involved in the prevention of CVD as proper lifestyle educators and monitors of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose. It was also found that nurses in GP surgeries engage in primary prevention of CVD. The thesis records interviews carried out with nurses, describing the interviews in the results. The most common and most interesting responses are given in tables. The results of the thesis can be used as a source of information on proper primary prevention of CVD in GP surgeries. This information was used to create guidelines for nurses on how to proceed in the primary prevention of CVD.
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Study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for Crohn's disease
Dušátková, Petra
Mgr. Petra Dušátková, Studium jednonukleotidových polymorfizmů v kandidátních genech pro Crohnovu chorobu Abstract Crohn's disease (CD) is ranked among inflammatory bowel diseases. The etiology of the disease is not completely understood yet. However, it is assumed that genetic predispositions may play important role in the etiology of CD. This work is a part of a project studying causality of single nucleotide polymorhisms within candidate genes for CD in the Czech population. We tested in total 333 patients with CD and 499 healthy subjects for SNPs: c.3020insC, p.Gly908Arg, p.Arg702Trp within the gene CARD15, g.-308G>A within the gene TNFA, p.Arg381Gln within the gene IL23R a p.Ala197Thr within the gene ATG16L1. For determination of the genotypes we used alellic discrimination in TaqMan sonds format. Variants c.3020insC, p.908Arg within the gene CARD15 were significantly associated with CD (OR = 4,4; 95%CI 3,0 - 6,4, OR = 2,7; 95%CI 1,4 - 5,0, respectively). SNP p.702Trp was associated with CD after adjustation for other two polymorphisms within the gene CARD15 (OR = 1,7; 95%CI 1,0 - 2,7). We found the protective effect of the p.381Gln in the gene IL23R (OR = 0,6; 95%CI 0,3 - 1,0). Variant p.197Ala within the gene ATG16L1 increased the risk of CD (OR = 1,3; 95%CI 1,0 - 1,9). We did not detect association...
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Rehabilitation of the carpal tunnel syndrome
Chorvátová, Magdaléna ; Vacek, Jan (advisor) ; Mende, Karel (referee)
In the theoretical part the thesis gathers basic information on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) - its etiology, pathophysiology and clinical picture. The thesis further describes the anatomy and function of hand following the CTS, the diagnosis of disease and treatment options. The thesis also presents possibilities of prevention when working with computers. In the practical part the thesis describes a case of a patient with the CTS disease and suggests using an appropriate treatment methods to postpone a surgery. For treatment application a female patient 36 years old diagnosed by a neurologist with severe stage of CTS has been selected. The patient completed 8 individual targeted therapies during four weeks with thorough investigations and various methods of treatment applied, particularly the mobilization, electrotherapy, thermotherapy including an auto-therapy brie-fing. The results showed that the therapy brought subjective and objecti-ve improvement and surgical treatment could be postponed. The impro-vement of subjective symptoms continues passing time interval after the physiotherapy. The practical part of this thesis has been limited by possible number of therapies as well as by the therapy duration.
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The therapy of Alzheimer disease
Veselá, Michaela ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxikology Student : Michaela Veselá Supervisit : PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis : The therapy of Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is becoming more pressing problem of today's population. It is very serious progressive-neurodegenerative disorder mainly manifested by memory loss, cognitive dysfunction and personality changes. This thesis provides topical summary of the most important aspects of treatment of Alzheimer's disease. There are introduced basic characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, its possible causes and brief summary of currently used and new considered therapeutic approaches.
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