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Derivatives of pyrazinecarboxylic acid as potential antituberculotics (synthesis and biological evaluation)
Vaňásková, Barbora ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Zimčík, Petr (referee) ; Malík, Ivan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy v Hradci Králové Department: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate: Mgr. Barbora Vaňásková Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Derivatives of pyrazinecarboxylic acid as potential antituberculotics (synthesis and biological evaluation) This doctoral thesis deals with searching for potential antituberculotic drugs derived from pyrazinecarboxylic acid. Thesis contains theoretical part, in which problematics of tuberculosis, factors hindering the effectiveness of treatment (development of resistance and HIV coinfection) and current therapeutic practice are outlined. An individual chapter is devoted to the composition of the mycobacterial cell wall. A brief overview of first-line and second-line antituberculars as well as drugs newly introduced into the clinical practice and promising derivatives in various phases of preclinical and clinical trials is further stated. Special attention is dedicated to pyrazinamide, current theories dealing with mechanism of action of this first-line antituberculotic drug and to ribosomal protein S1, a specific target of pyrazinecarboxylic acid. A summary of pyrazinamide derivatives with antimycobacterial activity published since 2011 is listed for...
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Is import of goods from european countries to Czech republic more or less influenced by changes in nominal and real exchange rates than in non european countries?
Vereš, Jan ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the connection between import of goods from foreign countries to Czech Republic and the exchange rate changes. The initial hypothesis of this paper is to prove that the depreciation of domestic currency has positive influence on balance of trade balance. For this purpose there is eight econometric models which were created by using time series from years 2003 to 2016. These models are divided in pairs among four chosen countries. For each country two models were created that follow the development of trade balance between Czech Republic and one of the countries in two different time frames. All the models always use the real effective exchange rate, growth rate of GDP for Czech Republic and growth rate of GDP for one of the countries as explanatory variable. It is connected with the second task of this thesis, which is the analysis of the differences in the behaviour of the models that belong to the countries which are members of the EU and these that are not. The aim is to find out whether the existence of tariffs on imported goods from countries out of the EU causes visible differences in the behaviour of the variables that were included in the models. Based on the outcomes of all eight models the main hypothesis has been proved right for three out of four countries. In the models for Germany, China and France the relation of real exchange rate and trade balance came out as positive in long term, in short term the outcome was ambiguous. The second question of this thesis has been answered, but its added value is questionable. The final models for each state do show some noticeable differences and they can be used to determine if the influence of the change of exchange rates on trade balance is smaller or bigger in the countries where tariffs are used. On the other hand, from the results we can learn that the sample of only four countries is insufficient for the deduction of any conclusions.
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Patient radiation load and possibility of reduction by percutaneous coronary interventions
KVASNICOVÁ, Miroslava
Abstract More than 100 years have passed since physicist W.C.Röntgen discovered X rays and their use in medicine. Knowledge about their harmful effects led to gradual im-plementing of protection rules. Attention of experts gradually focused on persons exa-mined or treated by ionizing radiation, as so-called medical exposition represents the most important part of person´s irradiation from artificial sources of radiation at all. De-finition of medical irradiation was accepted by Act No.18/1997 Coll. (Atomic Act) and extended in novel of the Act (No.13/2002 Coll.). Medical irradiation is not limited but two principles of radiation protection govern {--} principle of reasoning and principle of optimalization. I focused my attention on radiation load of patients during selective coronaro-graphy which still remains gold diagnostic standard for coronary arteries examination. I measured and evaluated the radiation dose of patients at two angiography machines in Teaching Hospital in Motol. They are angiography machines PHILIPS Integris Allura (made in 2002) at Institution of Imaging Methods and PHILIPS Integris HM 3000 (ma-de in 1993) at Cardiovascular Centre for Adults. Some technical parameters of these machines differ, e.g. the size of image amplifier. Since 2003 to 2007 10,087 patients at Cardiovascular Centre for Adults and 7,760 patients at Institution of Imaging Methods were examined by selective coronarography. I analyse all equipment of angiography work place, including technical of X-ray angiomachine, radiological standards, protection against radiation, requirements for imaging system, parameters impacting the quality of X-ray image, possibilities of lowering radiation load in patients. Hypothesis is based on idea that radiation load can be lowered by setting suita-ble exposition parameters and collimators. Methodology consists of measurements of exposition dose in 100 patients at Institution of Imaging Methods and at Cardivascular Centre. I compare the dose at both work places on the base of different size of image amplifier, different frequency of scanning and advert to different dose in different projection. Other part consists of mea-surements on phantoms, in which I compare the dose acquired in patients. I watch fur-ther parameters impacting the level of radiation load. Acquired results are mutually compared and statistically elaborated and valuated by {$\omega$}2-test. Evaluated data can serve for creating of radiologic standards which will contribute to staff education how to ma-nipulate sources of X-ray radiation to make the dose for a patient and for staff as low as possible.
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Multidisciplinary collaboration and the role nurse in the care of patients with sleep apnea syndrome
MATĚJKOVÁ, Naděžda
Sleep belongs to basic human needs and it is not only its length but also its quality that matters. Sleep disorders cause a lot of illnesses and therefore it is important to examine them and to treat them What are the most common symptoms of the ill state? somnolence, i. e. sleepiness during the day, disturbed or interrupted night sleep, or its lack. All these symptoms are necessary to be focused on. Sleep disorders are classified according to the International Classification of Sleep disorders ICSD 3 of 2014. This work deals with the problem theoretically. The first aim of this work was clarifying basic concepts of the problem - the syndrome called sleep apnoea. The next one was focusing on the multidisciplinary approach to the patients with this syndrome, so typical and very important. The main focus is upon the sleep apnoea syndrome, the patients suffering from it and multidisciplinary collaboration during their treatment. The main focus is upon the sleep apnoea syndrome, the patients suffering from it and multidisciplinary collaboration during their treatment. After having studied both Czech and foreign sources thouroughly, the general task of this work became summarising all the results of the research in one study . One part of this work is devoted to the detailed medical examination of sleep and its disorders. It describes polygraphic and polysomnographic tests, the procedure of the testing, the interpretation of the results, also the methods of the treatment with positive airway pressure during the sleep currently considered to be the most effective method of treatment of the adult and child patients. Next part of the work which focuses on multidisciplinary approach to the patients suffering from sleep apnoea describes surgical possibilities of the treatment within otolaryngology and methods of treatment within pulmanology. The last part of the work concentrates on the work of the nurse. It deals with the competences and further education of the nurses working for sleep laboratories. Prominent medical journals have become the key sources of information and the latest knowledge of sleep medicine.
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The Possibilities in the Efectivity of the Primary Prevention
Hermanová, Lenka ; Ortová, Marie (advisor) ; Roth, Martin (referee)
Knowledges from different researchers showed necessity to begin with primary prevention activities from childhood. This function has primarily family and home - folks, then preJschool education and schools. This thesis is about possibilities how to make the primary prevention for children and young people more effective. Particular attention is paid on the primary prevention programs in schools. But there are other factors very important beyond these activities. And it is homeJfolks, primarily family and peers but also terms in the society. There are very important protective and risk factors, which prevention tends to enhance or tries to minimise. There are a lot of methods and criterias which are very important in these programs to be consider effective. And it is very important to adapt methods and forms of these programs to the age of individual. There are mentioned information about specificity in class of age, various types of programs and methods in this essay. Further information are about the possibilities and approaches, which are indispensable to achive success in the field of primary prevention school programs. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Adult Victims of the Sexual Abuse in Childhood
Lejčková, Jana ; Vorlová, Marie (advisor) ; Sivek, Vojtěch (referee)
Bachelor's paper about the adult victims of child sexual abuse talks mainly about women's victims. It contains the definition of child sexual abuse and its forms. The part dedicated to long-term effects of sexual abuse describes the main areas of life which can be influenced by sexual abuse. There are consequences in psychical physical and spiritual area. it also talks about problems in sexual relationships, maternity and pregnancy. Next part is dedicated to three phases of therapy for adult victims of child sexual abuse. Last section talks about forms of help in the Czech Republic. This part is based on research via questionnaire. There are described organizations which are able to provide help to the adult victims of sexual abuse. There are also some thoughts how to improve awareness of this topic in the Czech Republic. The goal of this paper is to inform readers about the consequences of sexual abuse and help to see this topic in its complexity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The use of mystery shopping as a tool for the effective control of sales staff
Suková, Lenka ; Filipová, Alena (advisor) ; Zeman, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with mystery shopping and its use in practice. The goal of thesis is to identify and analyze the possibilities to use this method as a tool for the effective control of sales staff. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter contains information about retailing and its division. The second chapter deals with mystery shopping including: introduction of the method and its history, MS technics, internationally valid standards for MS and characteristic of the mystery shopper. The last chapter focuses on practical research which was carried out in cooperation with O'Neill company.
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