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Vladislav's Jagellonian, king of Bohemia, fiscal situation in the years 1471-1490
Trnka, Pavel ; Vaněk, Vojtěch (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
Vladislaus Jagiellon's fiscal situation was problematic from the very beginnig of his reign. The royal sources of revenue were considerably limited. The most important incomes came from the crown property, the escheat of noblemen's estates, the mine regal, the mining undertaking, the royal mint, and the general tax. Initially, the young king was supported by his father, Casimir IV the king of Poland, who granted him probably less than 72 000 Hungarian florins during the years 1471-1473. The crown propety which was part of royal chamber embraced royal towns, monasteries, castles, and domains. The incomes produced by them, especially the so called special tax, were reduced considerably by pawning. This was especially true in case of the monasteries and castles whose importance for the royal chamber was negligible. Vladislaus held permanently only three castles, Karlštejn, the Prague Castle, and Krivoklát. There was about 35 royal towns in Bohemia. The towns paid in chamber the so called town census besides the special tax; despite of the pawning, this all together still was an important king Vladislaus' source of revenue. The towns and partially also the monasteries sought to redeem their own property or chamber payments pawned by the king. The Jews also belonged to the royal chamber, paying to it a special...
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Romanesque galleried churches in Bohemia and their founders
Gája, Robert ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
In the preceding chapters we examined the relationship between the church and its founder from several perspectives. Various forms of the relationship changed over the 13th and 14th centuries, however their content persisted. Patrons' claims expressed themselves in various domains. A feudal claim on the church property also resulted from the ownership of land itself. As a matter of fact, a whole set of founder's rights is concerned. The public function of churches was not impaired thereby. It did not consist in the realm of property, but only resulted from the parochial function, which the founders did not intend to impair by any means. Ecclesiastical supervision over priests' prebends and the church property did not constitute a transition of this property to ecclesiastical ownership in today's connotation, since the Church as a private legal subject did not exist in the Middle Ages. Nor the founders were the owners to all intents and purposes. The property belonging to the church or prebend was a foundation. Its purpose was to ensure the continuous operation of the church and parish administration, which mattered to both sides, the establishment and the Church. The status of the prebend and the church was to stay the same over the time regardless of the change of priests or landowners. The patron claimed...
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Křepenice village in time of collectivization
Macourková, Anna ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Kvaček, Robert (advisor)
In my work I tried to explain the reality of the country in time of collectivization and analyze in more detail, how the collectivization developed and how the orders of Communist Party were executed. I also tried to analyze how the Czech country has changed since the Second World War. For my work I chose village Křepenice in Sedlčany district, which was displaced in time of so - called Protectorate. Collectivization in Czechoslovakia can be divided in two phases. The first phase begins in 1949 after the communist takeover in 1948 and after ratification of the law about the United agricultural association. It was very strong intervention in the life of village population and the end of their personal farming. Farmers were forced to entrance into association. Some of them, which was called kulak, were persecuted, locked in prison and their property was confiscated. The first phase ended in 1953 when the crisis of collectivization broke out. Economic situation of the United agricultural association was bad before 1953 and most of farmers left. Collectivization was more successful in the second phase which began after 1954. In this period farmers were persuaded about good collective idea and majority of them entered into the United agricultural association. Despite of farmers's unconcern and apathy about...
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Effect of curing conditions on the properties of alkali activated slag
Rypák, Peter ; Bayer, Patrik (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
Combination of fine ground granulated slag with proper alkaline activator gives alkali-activated slag – a material with remarkable properties. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with summarizing basic informations about alkali-activated slag, its properties, production and utilization. It also follows research devoted to effects of curing of alkali activated slag and shrinkage-reducing admixtures on its properties. Objective of the experimental part is to determine the influence of curing conditions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of alkali-activated slag. These properties are also monitored in alkali-activated slag with carbon nanotubes and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as an shrinkage-reducing admixtures.
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Schwarzenberg's Primogeniture. The Hluboká and Krumlov Branch
Spalová, Michaela ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Markéta (referee)
This thesis deals with the primogeniture (the Hluboká and Krumlov Branch) of the distinguished Schwarzenberg dynasty of princes. The Schwarzenberg originally come from the German Lower Franconia and they became permanently rooted in Bohemia as late as in the half of 17th century. The division of the dynasty into the primogeniture (the Hluboká and Krumlov Branch) and the secundogeniture (the Orlík Branch) occurred in 1802 by virtue of the stipulation of the last will of Ferdinand of Schwarzenberg from 1703. The Schwarzenberg's primogeniture owned an extensive landed property, whose greatest part was situated on the territory of Bohemia. Its members were renowned mainly for being exceptionally capable landlords who succeeded in creating a perfectly sophisticated economic system on their estates, belonging among the most advanced in Europe at the time. Their activity culminated in the second half of the 19th century and also at the beginning of 20th century. However, the ensuing years were not so successful for the Hluboká and Krumlov Schwarzenberg Branch. After the origination of an independent Czechoslovakia, the family lost a great part of their property in Bohemia due to a land reform. During the Second World War, their entire property was confiscated by Gestapo on behalf of the Greater German...
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New interactive software for seismic data processing
Doubravová, Jana ; Horálek, Josef
Seismon is an open source software package under GNU General Public Li- cense developed by Stefan Mertl (TU Wien). It is designed as a modular pro- gram with de ned interface for speci c types of modules. This gives program- mer rules how to add new tools easily without disturbing the program integrity. Seismon is written in MATLAB and all input and output data are stored in MySQL database which can be accessed by more Seismon users simultaneously. Seismon is initially equipped with tools for communication with the database, various waveform le conversions, and basic tools for data analysis and visual- ization. To use this software for routine processing of data from local seismic network in West Bohemia (WEBNET), some adaptations had to be done, and the modi ed program was called Seismon_WB. There had to be put a great emphasis on user friendliness which required to de ne keyboard shortcuts, add status bars directly displaying current possibilities and properties, or extract the most important functions out of structured menus to main window as GUI components.
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Assessment of in vitro antioxidant properties of medicinal and edible plant extracts
Tauchen, Jan ; Kokoška, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jaromír , Jaromír (referee)
Identification and characterization of plant-based products with antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects has received much interest over the past few years as possible therapeutic mean for treatment of diseases likely to be associated to oxidative stress (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer). This study provides characterization of in vitro antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative potential and phytochemical profile of (i) 39 wine samples of underutilized Georgian grapevine cultivars, (ii) extracts of 22 samples of medicinal plants from Ethiopia and (iii) 23 samples of edible and medicinal plants from Peruvian Amazon. For this purpose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, total phenolic content (TPC), and cell viability assay based on metabolization of tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan, together with methods based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ultra violet/visible spectrometry and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry) were used. Georgian red wines (particularly Saperavi cultivars) exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (average DPPH and ORAC values at 5.1 and = 10.6 g TE/L wine, respectively) in comparison to Central and West European cultivars [Pinot Noir (DPPH = 3.1 and ORAC = 9.4 g TE/L wine), Cabernet Sauvignon (DPPH = 3.0 and ORAC = 7.3 g TE/L wine) and Cabernet Moravia (DPPH = 2.0 and ORAC = 8.5 g TE/L wine)]. Georgian wines contained significantly greater concentrations of quercetin (between 14.44 and 1.07 ug/mL), kaempferol (between 1.68 and 0.03 ug/mL) and syringic acid (between 12.59 and 4.72 ug/mL), whereas possessed lower quantities of resveratrol (between 5.11 and 0.32 ug/mL) in comparison to Central and West European wines. Amongst edible and medicinal plants from Ethiopia and Peruvian Amazon, only Dodonaea angustifolia (IC50 for DPPH = 22.2 ug/mL, ORAC = 767.6 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 120.0 ug/mL), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 50.5 ug/mL), Inga edulis (DPPH and ORAC = 337.0 and 795.7 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 36.3 and 57.9 ug/mL) and Oenocarpus bataua (DPPH and ORAC = 903.8 and 1024.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 102.6 and 38.8 ug/mL) have demonstrated combinatory antioxidant/anti-proliferative efficacy. Selective anti-proliferative activity was observed for Verbascum sinaiticum (IC50 for Hep-G2 = 80.6 ug/mL) and Annona montana (IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 2.7 and 9.0 ug/mL, respectively). Above-mentioned plant material showed only weak or non-toxic effects towards normal cell line. Despite the fact that extracts of Jasminum abyssinicum (IC50 for DPPH = 26.3 ug/mL, ORAC = 1023.7 ug TE/mg extract), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract), Mauritia flexuosa (DPPH and ORAC = 1062.9 and 645.9 ug TE/mg extract), Myrciaria dubia (DPPH and ORAC = 641.9 and 642.6 ug TE/mg extract) and Theobroma grandiflorum (DPPH and ORAC = 714.8 and 821.9 ug TE/mg extract) have exhibited considerable antioxidant effect, these species were found to possess moderate to low anti-proliferative potential or have shown to be toxic to normal cells line. In all cases it was detected that phenolic compounds content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity, however weakly with anti-proliferative effect. Results suggest above-mentioned species as prospective materials for further development of novel plant-based agents effective against oxidative stress related diseases. However, it is necessary to perform further research which would be focused on detailed characterization of their chemical composition, pharmacological effects and toxicological safety, in order to verify their possible practical use.
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Utilization of biological and chemical amelioration treatments for restoration of anthropogenic degraded locality near Boleboř village in Ore Mts.
Kouba, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor)
This dissertation contains evaluation of the growth dynamics and nutritional status of tree species plantations after application of biological and chemical amelioration treatments, impact of trees on quality of soil and on the accumulation of surface humus. There were evaluated: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Birch (Betula spp.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), Gray alder (Alnus incana Moench.), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), Eastern White pine (Pinus strobus L.) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.).
On 4 research plots in Boleboř (Ore Mts.) was measured height, thickness of root collar, breast-height diameter. Were taken samples of soil, weed and assimilation apparatus. There was determined yellowing, browsing, plants mortality and calculated amount of accumulated surface humus.
Application of fertilizer Silvamix Forte on spreading windrows reduced mortality and increased increment for the first 3 years, the effect is evident even after 10 years. It was not confirmed the attractiveness of plants for wildlife after Silvamix Forte application. Silvamix Mg fertilizer application had minimal effect on the growth dynamics and nutrient contents in needles. Positively impacted soil characteristics, increased the value of the cation exchange capacity, decrease in hydrolytic acidity, increase the saturation of sorption bases, decrease of aluminium ions Al3+ and decrease of Fe2O3. On fertilized plots increased content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, increase of the total supply of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium. The rapid increase in the content of Ca and Mg is related to the liming in 2002. Fertilizer application significantly supported the development of ground-weed on plots of Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch, while in pure stands of Colorado blue spruce led to a reduction in aboveground biomass.
For the Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch plot compared with only Colorado blue spruce plot were documented favourable soil properties, increased supply of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Rowan tree on an intact soil surface exhibits the lowest reaction pH as humus and in the mineral, high hydrolytic acidity, extremely sorption unsaturated soil state, high content of ion Al3+ and low content of available calcium, although was applied liming. Technical and biological reclamation (Boleboř III.) has a long-term positive effect on the average height and breast-height diameter of Colorado blue spruce and white pine. The growth dynamics of European larch and Lodgepole pine were affect only at the beginning. Meliorated stand of Gray Alder has very good growth dynamics, comparable with Larch and Lodgepole pine. The big problem is the game impact, especially in Lodgepole pine, which led to the destruction of all individuals. Colorado Blue spruce in terms of biological reclamation is totally inappropriate. This Spruce has reduced resistance to abiotic factors, which often suffer uprooting and breakage. During the 21 years the Clorado Blue spruce mixed with birch accumulated of 66,09 t.ha-1 humus matter with better properties also in the deeper horizon. Colorado Blue spruce accumulated 54,11 t.ha-1 of humus matter. Rowan tree accumulated on the intact soil largest amount of humus matter (194,98 t.ha-1), however acidifies the deeper horizons. The stand of Norway Spruce occurred during the reporting period a decrease of 47% to 107,03 t.ha-1. The decline may be associated with more open stand and due to air liming.
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A Framework Proposal For Choosing A New Business Implementation Model in Henkel
Li, Tsz Wan ; Lukeš, Martin (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
Henkel's New Business team is a corporate venturing unit that explores corporate entrepreneurial activities on behalf of Henkel Adhesives Technologies. The new business ideas are implemented through one of these models: incubator, venturing or innovation ecosystem. In current practice, there is no systematic framework in place to choose the implementation model. The goal of the thesis is to propose a framework for choosing the most appropriate model for implementation of a new business idea in Henkel. The thesis approaches the topic on practical and theoretical grounds. The first part outlines the related literature and theoretical focus. The literature covers definitions and theories of incubator, corporate venturing, corporate venture capital, innovation ecosystem and investment decision-making process. The practical approach relates to the company case studies of Philips, 3M and BASF. In this thesis, each model is analyzed based on a broad literature review, case studies and personal interviews with experts. The second part is the main discussion and analysis of the topic assembling with practical examples in Henkel. It comes to a recommendation that Henkel should prioritize and choose the most appropriate model for the new business proposal after the "concept scoping" stage, and before detailed investigation. It also proposes a scorecard framework that entails 14 key criteria for choosing the mode: degree of market competition, potential disruptiveness, technological risk, time to market, strategic alignment, degree of customization, dependency of related industries, technological newness of related industries, idea source, protectability of intellectual property, internal expertise, technological competence, commercial competence and parenting advantages. Furthermore, a new business developing strategy matrix is constructed based on two dimensions: strategic importance and operational relatedness. It is to further check the accuracy and validity of the results from the scorecard framework. Finally, it is suggested that future research can be done to improve the framework by adding weightings and scale of each criteria within the framework.
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