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Transport behaviour of inhabitants of the Czech Republic after 1989: geographical aspects
PRENER, Jan
The main topic of this thesis is a thorough analysis of transport behaviour of Czech population since 1989. The study mainly concentrates on the issue of geographical aspects and changes in spatial distribution utilization of individual means of transport after 1989, and especially in the analyzed decade 2001 - 2011. The primary task of analyzing transport behaviour of Czech population is statistical survey based on Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů 2001 and 2011. On the basis of this and map outputs are defined spatial disparities, their essential dependence and possible development in the next decade. The thesis represents a partial research of the transport system of the Czech Republic and its spatial organization. The topic is a very broad issue therefore it is not possible to identify all the major factors that have influenced the dynamic development of the transport branch in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this work brings a simple but complex view of the selected topic. The emphasis of the qualification thesis is focused especially on the quantitative survey, of which task is to indicate and describe the spatial changes of selected means of transport mentioned in the intercensal period. The thesis also involves a discussion about final issues of the analyzed topic in the individual sections. This discussion could be regarded as a kind of synthesis of existing scientific literature which focuses on transport behaviour and has developed it. Finally there are outlined some geographical aspects which influence the transport behaviour of the population at individual means of transport and the possible development of the examined issue in the following decade.
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The consequences of the monetary reforms in Czechoslovakia in 1953
Martincová, Petra ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
The thesis focuses on monetary reform in Czechoslovakia in 1953. It concentrates especially on the impact of monetary reform on the population. Based on the hypothesis that the economic situation of the state and of the population has not improved as the monetary reform planned. The thesis describes postwar period of Czechoslovakia for a better evaulating and understanding of the monetary reform. The conclusion of the thesis is that monetary reform didn´t increase economic growth and damaged greatly all social strata of the population. The way how the monetary reform was proclaimed caused loosing population´s confidence in the government and in the currency.
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Economic policy of National front government
Bočák, Jakub ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on economic policy of Czechoslovakia after 1946 up to the rejection of participation in the Marshall plan. Its hypothesis is that development of economic policy was inevitably headed for the transition to a centrally planned economy. At first it focuses on formation of National Front of Czechs and Slovaks which meant a considerable restriction of democracy. After parliamentary elections in 1946 thesis focuses on description of two-year economic plan which was an important instrument of economic policy of the National Front. The last part of thesis describes the circumstances of refusing to participate in the Marshall Plan. The main conclusion of the thesis is that due to political situation was possible other development but transition to centrally planned economy.
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The prohibition of gambling in Czech cities and their economic efficiency since 2010
Lišková, Magdaléna ; Skopeček, Jan (advisor) ; Zeman, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis is about an evaluation of economic efficiency of prohibition of gambling in selected Czech cities since 2010. The theoretical part contains a definition of basic terms, a chapter about social costs and it also deals with a prohibition and the shadow economy. The practical part contains chapters about current legislation, about gambling market in the Czech Republic, next chapter is about methodology and at the end of this part there is the evaluation of economic efficiency. This chapter deals with an explanation why we can call the prohibition inefficient. It is also a resume of the thesis which is back up an argument of progress of total social costs and total revenues. The bachelor thesis, in spite of other Czech papers, works with presumption that the social costs are produced by pathological gamblers and it deals just with the original social costs. That is the reason why the thesis provides an original quantification of the social costs and new view on problems which are connected with regulation of gambling.
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Tax and legal issues of real-estate business in Austria
Banctel, Kristýna ; Filipová, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Drozen, František (referee)
The purpose of this study is to compare tax and civil-law issues concerning property business in Austria and in Czech Republic in 2016 and to investigate the efficiency of the current legislation against the real estate bubble. The theoretical part of this study contains selected demographic and price statistics concerning real estate in both countries and focuses on the description of the existing law currently in effect in both compared countries. The practical part analyses tax and transactions costs that concern property trading and a comparison of possibilities of amortisations and rentability of a rented flat in both countries.
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Economy of Chile in 1960s and 1970s with Accent on Market Reforms after 1973
Strejčková, Klára ; Pekárek, Štěpán (advisor) ; Ševčík, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis puts the stress on the analysis of economic reforms approved in Chile in the 60's and 70's years of the 20th century. The focus of this work is profoundly dedicated to the analysis of two important macroeconomic indicators: developments of inflation and trade exports, bearing in mind the context of the coup in 1973 which is seen as a direct consequence of the communist rule of the Salvador Allende's Cabinet (1970-1973). The Allende's Cabinet strove to transform the Chilean economic society into a socialist one. The bachelor thesis has validated a hypothesis stating that the pro-market reforms approved after 1973 led to diversification of the Chilean export as well as a gradual and progressive stabilization of the country's inflation that had reached as 350 % during the socialist Allende's government. This work brings a comparison of two very different economic doctrines that formed Chile in the 70's of the last century. There is being compared a socialist government approach, having focused on nationalizing of the private sector, to the liberal government's approach aimed at decreasing the public sector, privatization as well as tearing down international trade barriers.
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The migration crisis in Europe and subsequent implications for Swedish welfare state
Lacková, Dominika ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Němcová, Ingeborg (referee)
In general, migration is one of the most important global challenges. The topic of regulating migration flows came to the fore in relation to the current Europe's migration, or more precisely, refugee crisis. It has been described as the most massive migrant's crisis since the WW2. Unprecedented influx of immigrants and refugees in 2015 resulted in that even the best prepared European countries, such as Sweden, have reached a tipping point with regard to respect EU standards related to reception and processing of asylum applications. Master thesis covered two main analyses - the relevance of the refugee crisis in the EU in regards to the Swedish welfare state and the subsequent implications arising from the refugee crisis for the Swedish welfare state.
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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International involvement in the peacebuilding process on Sri Lanka
Mojžíš, Michal ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Burešová, Jana (referee)
The final months of Sri Lankan civil war, the 26 year military campaign between the Government of Sri Lanka and the insurgent separatist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, are marked by allegations of war crimes committed by both parties of the conflict, including attacks on civilians, summary executions of prisoners, enforced disappearances, restrictions on humanitarian assistance and recruitment of children. Since the attempts to put the Sri Lankan issue on the agenda of the United Nations Security Council failed on the unwillingness of China and Russia, the UN bodies in Geneva have taken a leading role in promoting the peacebuilding process on the island. The thesis aims to analyse the impact of the Geneva-based human rights bodies, in particular of the United Nations Human Rights Council, on the process of reconciliation in Sri Lanka, for which is crucial that the alleged violations of human rights in the last months of the civil war would be properly investigated and that the perpetrators would be held accountable. In order to put the activity of the UN Human Rights Council into broader context, the paper will examine the political development in Sri Lanka since the end of the civil war in 2009 as well as the failed efforts of Sri Lankan governments to launch the process of reconciliation.
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Discussion on US sanctions against Cuba at the U.N. General Assembly
Šplíchalová, Eva ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Machoň, Miloslav (referee)
The United States imposed the longest lasting sanction regime on Cuba in 1960 as a result of strained relations in recent years. Each US administration modified form of the sanctions regime, depending on the attitude toward the Cuban issue. General Assembly, the highest authority of the UN, adopts not legally binding but politically significant resolutions. Resolution condemning US sanctions regime has been adopted annually since 1992. Discussion on changes of the sanction regime in the General Assembly is a sign of reflection on current events and unrigid process of resolutions adoption. The main purpose is to determine whether the changes of the sanction regime were mentioned in the discussions on the adoption of the resolutions. The result of the analysis shows the reflection of the events in the speeches of ambassadors. The amount of mentioned events in speeches depends whether they were positive or negative step toward easing the embargo, and also how important the event was.
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