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The content of selected fenolic compounds in medicinal plants.
KREJČÍ, Zuzana
The work has been inquired into the problem of content determination of phenolic substances in medicinal plants traditionally used in Czech Republic. Phenolic substances belong to a group of natural compounds, which are purely plant origin. Flavonoids are a part of this extensive group of compounds. As for flavonoids, most attention is paid to quercetin and rutin. It is caused by their easy availability and very significant biological activity. These compounds embody a lot of positive biological effects. They have expressive antioxidant properties, inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenge free oxygen radicals and bond into the chelates they inactivate some prooxidant metal ions. The latest researches have shown that thanks to their properties natural flavonoids can occurence of chronical diseases, such as arterosklerosis, cardiovascular or tumor disorder. Flavonoids are exploited both in traditional and modern medicine. Same other studies have evidenced that valuable sources of these biologically effective substances are traditionally used medicinal plants. Content of phenolic substances was determined by method of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) and liquid chromatography (HPLC) in collection of 8 medicinal plants usually used in Czech Republic. For analysis was used freeze-dried and dried plant material. In freeze-dried material was found the highest content of total quercetin in Filipendula ulmaria L. (14200 mg/kg of dry weight) and in Betula pendula Roth. (11800 mg/kg of dry weight). The highest content of rutin contained Sambucus nigra L. (17700 mg/kg of dry weight). Similar values was measured in dried plant material. The content of total quercetin and rutin during drying was unchanged.
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New Optimization Algorithms for a Digital Image Reconstruction in EIT
Kříž, Tomáš ; Koňas, Petr (referee) ; Král, Bohumil (referee) ; Dědková, Jarmila (advisor)
This doctoral thesis proposes a new algorithm for the reconstruction of impedance images in monitored objects. The algorithm eliminates the spatial resolution problems present in existing reconstruction methods, and, with respect to the monitored objects, it exploits both the partial knowledge of configuration and the material composition. The discussed novel method is designed to recognize certain significant fields of interest, such as material defects or blood clots and tumors in biological images. The actual reconstruction process comprises two phases; while the former stage is focused on industry-related images, with the aim to detect defects in conductive materials, the latter one concentrates on biomedical applications. The thesis also presents a description of the numerical model used to test the algorithm. The testing procedure was centred on the resulting impedivity value, influence of the regularization parameter, initial value of the numerical model impedivity, and effect exerted by noise on the voltage electrodes upon the overall reconstruction results. Another issue analyzed herein is the possibility of reconstructing impedance images from components of the magnetic flux density measured outside the investigated object. The given magnetic field is generated by a current passing through the object. The created algorithm for the reconstruction of impedance images is modeled on the proposed algorithm for EIT-based reconstruction of impedance images from voltage. The algoritm was tested for stability, influence of the regularization parameter, and initial conductivity. From the general perspective, the thesis describes the methodology for both magnetic field measurement via NMR and processing of the obtained data.
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Preparation of contructs for transgenic expression of DPP-IV and FAP
Košek, Dalibor ; Bezouška, Karel (advisor) ; Křepela, Evžen (referee)
Preparation of contructs for transgenic expression of DPP-IV and FAP Bc. Dalibor Košek Abstract: DASH (Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Activity and/or Structure Homologues) protein group involves multi-funcional molecules typically bearing enzymatic activity similar to the Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5, identical with lymphocyte differentiation antigen CD26). In general, they cleave multiple regulatory as well as structural peptides and proteins, possessing proline residue on the penultimate position from the N-terminus. We focused on two members of this group: canonical DPP-IV and Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP-α). Both are typically type II plasma membrane proteins with specific tissue distribution. Soluble extrecellular forms have also been identified. Available knowledge suggest important roles of these proteins in oncogenesis, executed by their enzymatic activity but also by non-proteolytic interactions. To study their role in gliomagenesis we designed several experimental models exploiting astrocytoma cell lines with defined DPP-IV or FAP-α phenotype. Enzymatically inactive forms and analogues with different subcellular distribution will also be included. These models will allow to assess the impact of DPP-IV and FAP-α on the glial tumor development and the importance of their...
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Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation in Multisequence MRI
Dvořák, Pavel ; Přibil, Jiří (referee) ; Šprláková-Puková,, Andrea (referee) ; Smékal, Zdeněk (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá detekcí a segmentací mozkového nádoru v multisekvenčních MR obrazech se zaměřením na gliomy vysokého a nízkého stupně malignity. Jsou zde pro tento účel navrženy tři metody. První metoda se zabývá detekcí prezence částí mozkového nádoru v axiálních a koronárních řezech. Jedná se o algoritmus založený na analýze symetrie při různých rozlišeních obrazu, který byl otestován na T1, T2, T1C a FLAIR obrazech. Druhá metoda se zabývá extrakcí oblasti celého mozkového nádoru, zahrnující oblast jádra tumoru a edému, ve FLAIR a T2 obrazech. Metoda je schopna extrahovat mozkový nádor z 2D i 3D obrazů. Je zde opět využita analýza symetrie, která je následována automatickým stanovením intenzitního prahu z nejvíce asymetrických částí. Třetí metoda je založena na predikci lokální struktury a je schopna segmentovat celou oblast nádoru, jeho jádro i jeho aktivní část. Metoda využívá faktu, že většina lékařských obrazů vykazuje vysokou podobnost intenzit sousedních pixelů a silnou korelaci mezi intenzitami v různých obrazových modalitách. Jedním ze způsobů, jak s touto korelací pracovat a používat ji, je využití lokálních obrazových polí. Podobná korelace existuje také mezi sousedními pixely v anotaci obrazu. Tento příznak byl využit v predikci lokální struktury při lokální anotaci polí. Jako klasifikační algoritmus je v této metodě použita konvoluční neuronová síť vzhledem k její známe schopnosti zacházet s korelací mezi příznaky. Všechny tři metody byly otestovány na veřejné databázi 254 multisekvenčních MR obrazech a byla dosáhnuta přesnost srovnatelná s nejmodernějšími metodami v mnohem kratším výpočetním čase (v řádu sekund při použitý CPU), což poskytuje možnost manuálních úprav při interaktivní segmetaci.
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Cell therapy in animal models - preclinical studies
Juhásová, Jana ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Grim, Miloš (referee) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee)
The progress of cell therapy can be greatly facilitated by using suitable experimental models. It is essential to verify the clinical usefulness of new healing procedures obtained in studies on laboratory animals by using a large animal model. One of suitable models well acceptable in medical community is undoubtedly the miniature pig, which resembles humans in terms of physiology and body proportions. This PhD thesis presents the summary of our experimental studies relating to possible exploitation of mesenchymal and neural stem cells in the healing of locomotive apparatus and neural tissue disorders in humans or animals. The first part of the thesis briefly describes the current issue of cell therapy and animal models, mesenchymal cells and/or their combination with new types of scaffolds, neurogenesis, neural stem cells and their potential application in therapy of spinal cord injury. The second part is focused on the goals and methodology, the individual publications being listed in the third part. Our experiments with iatrogenic physeal defect in rabbits, which served as a model of the occurrence of valgous deformation in the clinical practice, showed the positive preventive and therapeutical effects of a new type of scaffolds seeded with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in animals without...
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Improving efficiency of HEP applications
Horký, Jiří ; Zavoral, Filip (advisor) ; Falt, Zbyněk (referee)
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) located at CERN, Geneva has finally been put in production, generating unprecedented amount of data. These data are distributed across many computing centers all over the world that form the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG). One of the main issues since the beginning of the WLCG project is an effective file access on the site level in order to fully exploit huge computing farms. The aim of this thesis is to explore existing data distribution work flows, standards, methods and protocols. An integral part of the work is the analysis of jobs of physicists to understand input/output workloads and to discover possible inefficiencies. Then, new upcoming solutions are evaluated in terms of performance, sustainability and integration into existing frameworks. It is expected that these solutions will be based on distributed file systems such as NFS 4.1, Lustre and HDFS.
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Belgrade - Danube - Sava
Nováková, Michaela ; Bahna, Ján Miloslav (referee) ; Mléčka, Jan (advisor)
Diploma project_ Belgrade_ Danube_ Sava As the theme of my thesis I chose the city of Belgrade in the magic we see everyday. An interesting feature is its strategic location at the confluence of the rivers Danube and Sava. The project first deals with research in a broader context. It focuses not only on Belgrade,but also the whole Serbia and its ethnic and religious diversity, the Balkan temper of the population. Survey maps on one side of the city, its beauty and challenges, on the other hand, thesociological context, which examines the main problems of the population of the former Yugoslavia, their mutual coexistence and conflict.. Stigma of the City The work sets in five most problematic points that directly affect the river basins. These problems selecting a continuous strip length of 10 kilometers. Urban areas have a water factor and the city, which is reflected in the grid of streets. Cross streets are straight line to the city, continuing today boulevards that leads to the Danube. Longitudinal its streets and roads follow the river undulation. Based on the original idea of creating islands of the other two islands which make their way onto the side of the Danube three cities waterfront. We get water in the city, which is not only artificial reservoirs, but water in its nature and dynamics. Most exposed parts of the scarred area, the left bank of the Marina Luka which leads to the Francouzská boulevard linking the main square to the Danube. In this area has focused more specifically in connection with the sociological survey. Stigma of the Nation Due to the fact that Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia, I focused on interpersonal and economic problems of the population of the former Yugoslavia and its dissolution. On the outside Yugoslavia was united in its time in terms of a strong state economy. After the disintegration of countries to stop cooperating and their economy has significantly dropped. Interpersonal ethnic hatred grew in mutual exploitation of minorities, whether ethnic, and religious. The hatred and conflict in humans are deep and mutual grievances will be difficult to erase. Stigma of the City + Stigma of the Nation = Peace Center Thus we come to the junction of scar and the scars of a nation and a way to deal with both. In a significant proportion of exposed and Belgrade should be the function that has a deeper meaning, overlap, and the importance for the nation, the whole Balkan peninsula. Shaping a platform for peaceful dialogue and mutual cooperation of the former states of Yugoslavia at all levels. Building project will be a peace organization, which will fill this space understanding, cooperation and reconciliation, heal the stigma of a nation and city. The Centre is engaged in projects in the economic, social, medical, religious and cultural. A strong element is the continued ramp-boulevard of the Danube, which shows that the path to the goal may have obstacles and the goal is far off, but worth it to continue. Torn heart_ Peace Center building_ Culture_ media_ Arts As Yugoslavia disintegrated in the Yugonostalgi a back to each other, and the design of the building is torn heart of Yugoslavia, which on itself can not completely back, so at least communicate through the atrium, but are otherwise separate entities.
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The connection of the results of the estrogen and progesterone receptors in the tumours of the uterus - to the therapy with the respect to the influence of the surrounding factors
Marešková, Blanka ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor) ; Doležal, Martin (referee)
1. SUMMARY The textbook literature is applying the problem of exploitation of the use of receptor values for treatment of tumours of the uterus only very little. Czech research journals literature is specialized in this respect especially on cancers of breast. These findings can be used at least partialy for tumours of uterus and that is why we specified it here. However, we can find always now in the Czech journal literature the works with practical results of laboratories, which aiming to use the receptors results to exploitation for uterus tumours. The tutor workplace contributes to mapping of this problems with three bachelors works and this diploma work. These works bring the findings from international research journals literature appropriate for development of the topic of receptors in uterus tumors in the Czech Republic. In this diploma work we dealed with the importace of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesteron receptors (PR) for treatment uterus tumours regarding to the influence of surrounding factors. We compared the available informations, which we gathered from czech and foreign literature, we compared with informations which we gained about the breast tomours. The antiestrogens are used very rarely for endometrium tumours treatment in people. ICI 182, 780 belongs to clear antiestrogens and it...
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Standards of periradicular therapy under CT control of the department of imaging in the Hospital Jihlava
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Jarmila
The topic I have chosen for my bachelor thesis is treatment of backaches. I have focused on treatment options of radicular pains. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part focuses on description of spinal anatomy, neuroanatomy and spine functions. Backaches belong to the most common diagnosis of not only general practitioners but also specialists. Almost everyone, at least once in their life, visits a doctor with pains related to their back. There are a lot of factors involved in the rise of backaches. The permanently developing non-vascular part of the intervention radiology helps, thanks to its therapeutic methods, with backache treatments where conservative treatment procedure is inefficient for a patient. Current medicine offers a whole range of minimally invasive treatment algorithms. One of the possible minimally invasive treatment procedures in the area of cervical and lumbar segment of the spine is a periradicular local injection. The medical treatment into intervertebral area surrounding the spinal nerve is intended and performed under regulated CT control in sterile conditions. Another newer minimally invasive method is oxygen ozone therapy. This method exploits biochemical propertiesof ozone. Minimally invasive treatment methods are being successfully carried out at the ward of imaging methods in Jihlava's hospital. The difference between the two methods presented is the contents of the curative mixture. Both methods, closely described in the theoretical part, are accessible for the patient as well as well tolerated with minimal negative reactions related to the treatment. The conclusion of the theoretical part contains the description of the indication for an examination, the contents of a particular curative mixture, the information related to contraindication of this treatment as well as possible complications and also the description of therapeutic effects it has on a patient. It includes evaluation methods and comparison from time and financial point of view and an opinion of a radiology assistant. The practical part includes a detailed procedure and performance of medical treatment where the output shows the process of local radiology standards of individual methods designed for the needs of the ward of imaging methods in Jihlava's hospital. The processed standard will improve awareness from other hospital wards about this medical treatment. Subsequently I am comparing both methods which was the given aim of this thesis. The methodology of this assignment includes the evaluation of achieved results. The observed database was a group of patients that underwent a curative therapy in 2011 to 2013. The database includes the medical treatment, the age and gender of a patient and the treated part of the spine. It also shows the overall amount of treatments divided into individual years. The final assessment was based on a total number of 668 patients and is shown in graphs and charts. The explorative question of this assignment whether the number of patients of the minimally invasive therapy will grow while their age will decrease has proved to be true. These are some of the results shown in the graphs: the overall number of patients in the observed time period of 2011 2013 grows, however in 2013 we can notice the increasing number of female patients as opposed to the decreasing number of male patients in the area of lumber spine. Dividing patients into age categories shows that the number of patients increases up to the age group of 51 to 60 years of age, after that it decreases. The above mentioned age group formed more than 35 % of all patients. Minimally invasive medical treatments performed in the spine area improve the patient's life comfort and the positive healing effect makes their physical and mental condition as good as it was before.
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