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The natural seasonal changes in the food choice and digestive tract of wild ruminants
Kamler, Jiří ; Homolka, Miloslav
Herbivore populations all over Europe have been strongly influenced by human activities. A combination of harvest, changes in forest structure, supplementary feeding, predator extirpation and others factors have led in most cases to increases of their populations and a severe impact on the composition and structure of the forest vegetation. The food choice of free living ungulate species is strongly influenced by season and animal species and changes in diet composition and quality cause the changes in the digestive tract. Effective management of ungulate populations and forest ecosystems should be based not only on detailed information about the impact of deer browsing and the number of deer to harvest but also on the density of deer species, the food supply, the structure of diets consumed by individual species, attraction and quality of the individual components of food supply the total quality of food taken and seasonal changes in digestive tract.
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Participative management – key to minimaze conflicts between protection of biodiversity and socio-economic development of local communities
Těšitel, Jan ; Kušová, Drahomíra ; Matějka, K. ; Boháč, J. ; Bartoš, Michael ; Kopáčková, M. ; Moravcová, Jana ; Šrubař, Vladan
The project was aimed to propose a model of optimal coexistence of biodiversity protection and socio-economic development in large-scale protected areas. Its main output was identification of principles of participative management of protected areas and estimation of circumstances necessary for its practical implementation. The project focused on description of biodiversity in particular model areas, on eventuality of changes in biodiversity due to human activities and thus on identification of actual and potential conflicts. In parallel, selected parameters of quality of life of local population, behaviour the population and its relation to the Administration of protected area and to nature protection in general were studied. Analysis of behaviour of the administration of protected areas as social institution became also part of the project. The project was designed as empirical comparative study of three biosphere reserves (BR) - BR Šumava, BR Třeboňsko a BR Křivoklátsko.
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Diving diseases
Rejdovjan, Simon ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
This thesis mentions the basic physiological and physical principles of diving, it deals with diseases and injuries that occur in the connection with diving. The diseases are divided according to the phase of the diving as follows: The diseases originating from the change of surrounding pressure, diseases connected with staying in the depth and diseases stemmed after emersing above the surface of the water. Deeply elaborated chapter about Decompression disease includes a scale of predispositioning factors to this disablement. Next it mentions diseases that are not connected with the change of surrounding pressure. This part of my thesis describes the different forms of poisoning by enhaled gases, infectious diseases, drowning, hypothermia, hypoxia and it also includes an extended chapter that deals with sea animals and their potentional danger for human organism. The work also references to some preventive processes which can minimalize the risks of occurence of these diseases and injuries.
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Evaluation of chat bots
Hazdra, Jan ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čermák, Radim (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of theability of machines to imitate human behavior. Presents a brief history of the development on the field of artificial intelligence and intelligent machines, specifically chat botsand describes their evolution throughout the 20th century. It describes the most important features and building blocks of chat bots, including the most widely used programming languages for creating them.It also describes the theory of A. Turing, the test and the imitation game, on which is based methodology for evaluating chat bots. Then it also examines the criticism of the Turing's test by J. R. Searle's chinese room argument that is used for its better understanding and finding its boundaries. The work also describes H. Dreyfus's assumptions, which led to optimism in the late 90s in development in artificial intelligence and limits of artificial intelligence, on which he pointed out. The main objective is the metodology proposed in the second part, which is used for comparing selected chat bots and then used for their evaluation. Overall evaluation consists of evaluations in the sub-categories in which will be individual chat bots scored. The methodology is based on the Turing test, which slightly modifies, but also extends thanks to the ideas of other authors.
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The Issue of Nursing Care in Old People's Homes
MARKOVÁ, Štěpánka
The thesis deals with the issue of nursing care in old people's homes. Given the improving medical and nursing care and also the prevention of diseases, the human life extends. This leads to the aging of population. Therefore, it is essential to understand this issue, its interconnection with nursing care, but also to find the right approach to the elderly in residential facilities providing social services. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with old age and aging, behavioural changes in old age, specifics of communication with the elderly, long-term care for the elderly, care for a man in nursing homes. It deals with the work of nurses in old people's homes and with their education. Five objectives were set within the framework of the research. The first objective was to determine areas of nursing care, in which the nurses working in old people's homes have most problems. The second objective was to find out how the nurses manage physical strain. The third objective was to determine how the nurses manage psychical strain. The fourth objective was to find out what theoretical knowledge and practical skills the nurse must have. The fifth objective was to identify possibilities of further training for nurses working in old people's homes. Qualitative research was applied in the empirical part of the thesis. The method of non - standardized interview was used. The research group consisted of 10 nurses who work in residential facilities for the elderly in old people's homes. To process the interviews, the open coding technique was applied - a paper-and-pencil method. To complement psychical resilience of nurses, S.O.C questionnaire by A. Antonovsky was used. There were 42 questionnaires used in the research. The interviews with the respondents showed that the work of a nurse in homes for the elderly is physically and mentally demanding. And it is obvious that nurses feel the mental strain as more damaging. The physical demands are connected with the state of the client and his diseases but also with the space limitations of homes and night shifts. The mental burden is caused by similar factors and also by the family of the client, specifics of the communication with the elderly, cooperation with the hospital, working atmosphere, responsibility and keeping records. Next important factor that negatively influences mental state of the nurses is a lack of prestige and recognition of their work. Even though the nurses feel both types of stress, most of them cope with it without problems and they try to restore their balance in their leisure time. The conclusions of the thesis also point to the high demands and wide range of expertise and skills required from the nurses when providing care. Even specialized procedures are carried out in homes. Nurses must know how to communicate, handle conflict situations, co-operate with colleagues from different fields. Great emphasis is placed on independence in evaluating the health state of the client while ensuring the nursing care. The nurse must have personal qualities for work with the elderly. Another important component of their work is their knowledge and practical skills in the field of social work theoretically backed by the Act 108/2006 Coll.
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Dynamic model of human resources in project management
Hančar, Michal ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Šviráková, Eva (referee)
This thesis is focused on dynamics of soft factors influencing workers during projects. These factors include motivation, workplace atmosphere, team synergy of workers and their emotions, and attribute of project manager who manages the project. Identification of soft factors and their relationships was achieved by examination of scientific literature in psychology and system dynamics. Description of managing project matters was achieved by examination of scientific literature dealing with project management. The main objective of this thesis is to create a dynamic model which simulates behavior of these soft factors influencing the project staff. The primary metric of the model is efficiency of workers participating on the project based on input parameters. Validation of the model was achieved by verification of historic behavior of key elements. Results of validation experiments correspond with historic behavior with roughly 95 % accuracy. At the end of this thesis is presented an ICT project case study. Based on the results of simulation experiments is performed a scenario analysis which tries to bring possible suggestions for project management.
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Prevention of cervical cancer at girls
WABNEGGEROVÁ, Zlata
This bachelor thesis deals with the prevention of cervical cancer at girls. Cervical cancer is a serious disease that affects women of every age. The cause of the high mortality is mainly little support of primary prevention measures and late detection of the first signs of cancer. Regular gynecological examinations are the most a Affordable protection against cancer disease for women. Just cervical cancer is one of the only gyneacological tumour, whose formation can be prevented by regular gyneacological examinations. Currently, there is no doubt about the etiological relation between cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV hereafter). Now the Infection with human papillomavirus is seen as an etiological factor in a variety of malignant tumours of anogenital area, particularly of the cervix, but also the vagina and vulva, anus and penis and other skin and mucosal cancers at others sities. Recently, there has been the breaking point in this field. This is the advent of HPV vaccination. The new development in 2006 was the possibility of vaccination against certain types of HPV. The first registered quadrivalent vaccine against tumour disease has become the Silgard vaccine. The vaccine Silgard is designed to prevent from the infection with HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 It is designed for women and girls aged from 9 to 25. The bivalent vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18 Cervarix was bronght to market one year after the introduction of the quadrivalent vaccine. Cervarix is designed prevent for girls and women aged from 10 to 26. The vaccination is also suitable for older, sexually active women, because even in older age still did not meet these high-risk types, the vaccination also protects against repeated infection. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part describes the current state of cervical disease. The thesis also describes the risk factors, diseases of the cervix, further manifestations of HPV infection. In the theoretical part there are also screening, diagnosis and classification. In particular, the description of colposcopy, cytology, biopsy, HPV test and cytology LBC. In the chapter treatoment are ablative and destructive methods. Of course a midwife has an important role in the prevention of the disease. The importance and the role of nurses in the prevention of this disease are described in Chapter 2. Using the educational process and communication the nurse can affect awareness and responsible behaviour of women and thus promote the prevention of the disease. The practical part contains the objective, partial objectives, methodology and results of research. The aim of the thesis was to find out what is the girls´ knowledge concerning the prevention of cervical cancer. The sub-objectives examined what information about the prevention girls have, whether they know the principles of the prevention in gynaecological examinations, whether the price of the vaccine affects the choice of one of the method of the prevention and whether they are aware of risk factors for cervical cancer. The survey was effected by using the technique of quantitative investigation by means of a special questionnaire. The group of respondents consisted of girls aged from 15 to 18 in the Pilsen region. A total of 103 girls participated in the survey. 52 % of the girls study in a school with medical specialization, 45% of the girls without medical specialization, remaining 3 % of the girls work (total 100 %). 60 % of the girls know that one of the risk factors is promiscuity. 45 % of girls knows that this is a disease caused by HPV 47 % of the respondents know that the disease is transmitted by sexual intercouse and even 46 % of the girls carriers my be men. Of the 103 girls 46 % of girls are vaccinated against cervical cancer, 81 % of the girls know that the best time for vaccination is before sexual activity. The relatively low awareness of the disease is from gynaecologists, schools and families.
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Molecular and Biochemical Features of Threee Enzymes that May Serve as New Drug Targets in Cryptosporidium Parvum
Čtrnáctá, Vlasta ; Staňková, Marie (advisor) ; Kraml, Jiří (referee) ; Nečas, Emanuel (referee)
Molecular and biochemical features of three enzymes that may serve as new drug targets in Cryptosporidium parvum Cryptosporidium parvum is a unicellular, obligatory and intracellular parasite belonging to the Phylum Apicomplexa. This parasite can infect both humans and animals, causing an acute diarrhea in immunocompetent persons, and a chronic life threatening infection in immunocompromised individuals. Although many drugs, to combat this parasite, have been empirically tested, there is no completely effective therapy to treat cryptosporidiosis in humans or animals. In recent years, the completion of the genome sequencing projects in C. parvum and C. hominis along with advances in molecular methods have significantly helped to increase our general understanding of the C. parvum metabolic machinery. However, our knowledge concerning many specific pathways and enzymes in Cryptosporidium is still limited. Their better understanding in this organism would aid in experimentation of new drugs and new strategy development to treat cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals. In this dissertation, three essential metabolic enzymes of C. parvum have been tested: Pyruvate:NADP + oxidoreductase (PNO) is a unique, core metabolic enzyme, responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is a rare fusion of an...
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Animals in the looking glasses of Europe and India. The changing bonds between humans and animals in the course of the 19th and 20th century
Nováková, Hana ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Marková, Dagmar (referee) ; Cílek, Václav (referee)
This paper deals with various aspects of human- animal relationship: biological, psychological and sociological; but also with the fact how deep and thorough impact can political events have on the paradigma pointed towards animals. Here, these are depicted on significant fields of human - animal interactions of modern times, for example zoological gardens, petkeeping, changing ways of hunting, and also within some more obscure phenomena, such as animal abuse in laboratory research and in "meat plants". I also try to trace the roots of the approach that people of modern time Europe perform towards animals, and I do the same for India. The writing is divided into two parts, each one containing four chapters. The part No. I. - The man and the animal in Euro-American cultural context - describes the turbulent changes the human - animal relationship underwent during the era of Enlightenment, and tries to explain why it was so. Animals have enjoyed a widespread interest since times immemorial, but have hardly ever been perceived from the tabula rasa point of view. On the contrary, they have often been seen through the prisma of human sociology, serving as the immense field of manifold human projections. As such, they have figured in copious kinds of modern "myths", being it myths of ritual or otherwise "fictive"...
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