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Liability for defects by the sale of goods in a shop
HAČKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of this thesis was to describe and analyze legislation liability of the seller for defects in the sale of goods in a shop and describe and analyze problems in the application of reclaims. Legislation has been described and analyzed in the theoretical part. In the practical part was a questionnaire survey which was done on the part of buyers and sellers. It was found that the buyer does not know what their rights are and what obligations, has sellers. More than half of the buyers had a problem naming the CR law, which deals with liability for defective goods. To improve this situation, it was proposed to create newsletters with advice how to proceed in the case rejected the reclaim and which institution to contact. It would be necessary to define precisely the term ?goods damaged by normal use of product? which is very common and controversial. The seller knows the laws better than the buyer, but their knowledge is not perfect. The proposed measures are consistent control compliance with laws and increase penalties for any violation. Czech seller works quite well, mainly because the reclaims are recognized as legitimate.
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Reversed discrimination in the Community contexts
Macháčková, Gabriela ; Zemánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Král, Richard (referee)
Reverse Discrimination in the Community Law Context Gabriela Machačkova The final thesis discusses the issue of reverse discrimination, which arises when nationals/products of a Member State are disadvantaged because they are subject to a national regulatory measure, while foreign (EU) nationals/products are protected from that national measure by virtue of European Community (EC) law. It examines the question of scope of EC Law, specifically focusing on the extent to which nationals of a Member State who have never exercised their Community rights can claim their rights by applying the Treaty establishing the European Community. It addresses the question of extension of the scope of EC law to cover purely internal situations in which no inter-State element is present, and to which the fundamental freedoms (free movement of goods, services, persons and capital) do not apply. First, it reviews the development of European Court of Justice case-law on reverse discrimination and situations which can be regarded as purely internal. The time frame discussed in the thesis ranges from the late 1970s until the present. Reverse discrimination and purely internal situations are analysed in terms of the examples of the Court's jurisprudence. Secondly, as Union Citizenship has been introduced by the Maastricht Treaty,...
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Is import of goods from european countries to Czech republic more or less influenced by changes in nominal and real exchange rates than in non european countries?
Vereš, Jan ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the connection between import of goods from foreign countries to Czech Republic and the exchange rate changes. The initial hypothesis of this paper is to prove that the depreciation of domestic currency has positive influence on balance of trade balance. For this purpose there is eight econometric models which were created by using time series from years 2003 to 2016. These models are divided in pairs among four chosen countries. For each country two models were created that follow the development of trade balance between Czech Republic and one of the countries in two different time frames. All the models always use the real effective exchange rate, growth rate of GDP for Czech Republic and growth rate of GDP for one of the countries as explanatory variable. It is connected with the second task of this thesis, which is the analysis of the differences in the behaviour of the models that belong to the countries which are members of the EU and these that are not. The aim is to find out whether the existence of tariffs on imported goods from countries out of the EU causes visible differences in the behaviour of the variables that were included in the models. Based on the outcomes of all eight models the main hypothesis has been proved right for three out of four countries. In the models for Germany, China and France the relation of real exchange rate and trade balance came out as positive in long term, in short term the outcome was ambiguous. The second question of this thesis has been answered, but its added value is questionable. The final models for each state do show some noticeable differences and they can be used to determine if the influence of the change of exchange rates on trade balance is smaller or bigger in the countries where tariffs are used. On the other hand, from the results we can learn that the sample of only four countries is insufficient for the deduction of any conclusions.
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Economical aspects of health care services and risks connected with legalization of euthanasia
Stehlíková, Jana ; Kuba, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matula, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with legalization of active euthanasia, its main impacts for the whole society, potential abuse and some basic concerns of specialist of various profession related to euthanasia. The thesis is focused on the medical, economic, legal and religious point of view of euthanasia and defines crucial approaches of the defenders and defendant of euthanasia. Special emphasis is on the attitude of doctors, whose opinions on legalization of active euthanasia vary. The thesis denies legalization of active euthanasia as a good solution for patients which are incurable ill or dying, calls attention to keeping the right to live in current form and disagrees with the economical argument that euthanasia is cheap and fast solution for complicated situation of the health service.
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The Conclusion of a Contract under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods in Comparison with Czech National Legislation
Krčálová, Kristýna ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Levý, Jan (referee)
This Master's thesis focuses on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), better known as the Vienna Convention. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate conditions for application of this international treaty and to assess the contracting process under the CISG including the similarities and differences with the Czech national legislation. Finally, it seeks an answer to the question, which of these rules (international or national) are more advantageous for a Czech contractual party with respect to concluding a contract. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first one represents an introduction to the CISG, its origin and the Czech Republic's attitude to it. The second part identifies the conditions for application of the CISG and therefore defines a subject and an object of an international contract of sale under the CISG. Both third and fourth parts gradually introduce two phases of the contracting process (offer and acceptance) including the relevant case-law. The last chapter strives to complete the contracting process with an analysis of the exact moment, when a contract is concluded, as well as with an analysis of a potential battle of the forms and its impact on a contract conclusion.
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Consumer protection at purchase of food
Studená, Lucie ; Hásová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze rights of consumers and obligation of sellers when buing food. The first chapter defines general concepts related to this issue. Following chapters are focused on the main principles of consumer protection in the EU and the Czech Republic, on the general requirements for food labeling, on food packaging from both hygienic and recycling aspects. Another important aspects is the issue of the claim. The last chapter deals with the comparison of price and quality for the particular products. The first goal of this thesis is to summarize a picture of the consumer protection when buing food in the Czech Republic and to inform reader about his rights and obligations in this area. The second goal is to show the reader that the quality is not always the main atribute to determine the price of goods.
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Occupational safety and health
Justová, Gabriela ; Kopecký, Martin (referee) ; Kocianová, Renata (advisor)
Occupational safety and health represents a set of measures aimed at reducing, or totally eliminating, the risks endangering lives and health of workers. It is influenced by a character of work and also by working conditions. Lately, emphasis in this field is not only on accident prevention, but also on creating satisfying working conditions. Good working conditions contribute to keeping high productivity and pleasant atmosphere at work, to an increase of quality of life and to social and legal protection of employees. In my thesis I pursue not only work safety and health protection as one sphere of care for workers, its historical development in the Czech Republic and primary legal provisions, but also working conditions and work environment. In connection with these factors I use, as an example, work schedule of flight crews, and a level of cosmic radiation to which the flight attendants are exposed. In a separate chapter I describe contribution of ergonomics to work safety and health protection at work, specifically, and to improvement of human activities generally. In this chapter I describe ergonomic problems connected exclusively with occupation of flight attendant. In another chapter I define concept of "work accident" and duties of an employer when an accident at work happens. To prevent work...
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Creating Calculation System of Indirect Cost in the Company and Evaluation According to Informative Ability of Financial Statements
KOHOUTOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis is to create a calculation system of indirect costs in the commercial company. This calculation could be used in the accounting system of the company and thanks to that would be indirect cost divided automatically into individual items of goods. The calculation system is based on particular coefficients which are assigned in individual types of costs. New created system is tested on the specific sample of goods from the company. It is good to see weaknesses and deficiencies in suggested calculation. Conclusions from this analyse are specific values of profitability ratio Return on sales in every goods. The management of the company has to decide whether to revalue their goods or not. The decision is connected also with margin groups, in group A (which includes main goods) they could afford to move with selling prices. This prediction is based on outcome from competition analysis.
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Healthy life style as a prevention of diseases
Klicpera, František ; Hrstka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kyasová, Miroslava (referee) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
The young generation life style is observed in the bachelor's degree thesis. This age group was chosen because the life style of a human being is supposed to be formed within this period of human life and it impacts the individual's health state for all life. Health is one the basic rights of each person. It is a condition of well-being and a good quality of life. Good health is a basic part of steady economical increase in society. Diseases prevention and health support are attitudes which are emphasized in the whole society. Change of life can prevent occurance and development of mass occured diseases to a great extent. Most of important hazard factors as smoking, junk food, excessive consumption of alcohol, low physical activity and so on, are the factors which can be influenced or reduced or even eliminated by each individual's behaviour. Participation and responsibility for each individual's health belong to ethic principles of the program "Health 21"..
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