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Šedá ekonomika, komparace jejího rozsahu v tranzitivních ekonomikách ČSSR a Číny
Klimešová, Michaela ; Stieber, Michal (advisor)
Tato práce se na následujících stránkách bude zabývat fenoménem tématu šedé ekonomiky. Ačkoliv je toto téma v současné době velmi aktuální, není úplně běžně předmětem zkoumání, výzkumů a analýz. Stínová ekonomika zahrnuje mnoho aktivit, jejichž příčiny a důsledky je vždy velmi těžké jakkoli statisticky stanovit. Základním a prvotním krokem pro nás bude stanovit a pokusit se kvalifikovat šedou ekonomiku jako pojem. Jaké všechny aktivity lze do této sféry zahrnout, jejich povahu a vztah např. k nedostatkům oficiálního trhu jako takového. Může se zdát jednoduché uvést prostou definici prostého pojmu, ale z mnoha důvodů, z nichž některé jsem již zmínila, není skutečně nejjednodušší šedou ekonomiku kvalifikovat. Dalším stěžejním prvkem pro nás bude zjištění možností, které nám současné zkušenosti v této oblasti dovolují, ke stanovení základních vlastností šedé sféry. Především tedy definovat a rozlišit jednotlivé metody stanovení stínové ekonomiky, a s tím související metody ke stanovení jejího rozsahu.
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The situation of disabled persons in the labour market in the main City of Prague in 2014 and 2015
Majorová, Michaela ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Barák, Vladimír (referee)
The topic of this thesis are disabled people. The main goal of this thesis is describe the situation th these people in the labor market of Prague. This description is based on the founded data and the specialized literature. There will be explained the concepts of labour market, unemployment, aktive employment policy first in the theoretical part. There are for the next time explained the concepts of disabled people, thein characteristics, different type of these disabilities, legislativ of the employnment of these people, rehabilitation programmes and the enterprises with more 50 % share of employed disabled people. The practical part is based on the analysis of the selected dates of Český statistický úřad and Ministerstvo práce a sociálních věcí. There is included my own anonymus questionnaire research of selected eemployers. The goal of this research is to show, how is the situation of the employers and the diabled people in Prague. It was found by using this research, that the situation in our main city is very positive. Employers offer many employments to disabled people, althoug they don't have to do that and they don't have any statutory obligation.
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The system and the financing system of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic in the period 2010-2016
Křížová, Natálie ; Lukášová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on mental health, which is becoming a socio-economic problem these days. Since there is a constant prevalence of patients with mental illnesses and thus an increase of a burden in the economic system, this work explains the system of psychiatric care, which is crucial for the future development of mental health of Czech population. Based on the analysis of the issue it is evident that the effort to manage the care system to community care will do not contribute to the reduction of treatment costs, but on the other hand, will facilitate the accessibility to psychiatric facilities for patients. The funding of psychiatric care is not based on the national health system, which influences the direction of a large part of the funds for treatment in psychiatric hospitals.
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The analysis of the system of tertiary education in the Czech republic focused on prepared university reform from 2006 to 2015
Poupová, Jana ; Procházka, Pavel (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the system of tertiary education in the Czech Republic, especially the way of funding of this system and the reform of the system of funding, implementation of tuition-fees on public universities. This topic had been actual until year 2015 and it is highly probable that it becomes more actual in following years again. In the teoretical part of the thesis, there are described in details the system of tertiary education in the Czech republic, the process and main points off the reform of tertiary education and there is also briefly described the system of tertiary education in Great Britain. The practical part of the thesis verifies by questionnaire survey the possibility of implementation of tuition-fees on universities and examines the impatcs of this implementation. In case of implementation of tuition-fees, as it was planned according to the reform of tertiary education, the number of university students would decrease by 47,3 %. In conclusion, some possible reccomendations are designed, which are suitable in case of implementation of tuition-fees.
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Fiscal rules in selected EU countries between 2004-2015: sensible method for consolidation of public finances or fad of politicians?
Veselý, Lukáš ; Strejček, Ivo (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The subject of fiscal rules is very topical issue. The rise of public debt in certain developed countries resulted in what is sometimes called "debt crisis". Debt of those countries which is higher than their annual gross domestic product is viewed as unpayable by some economists. The main objective of this thesis has been to prove or disprove hypothesis that the fiscal rules studied in this paper are an effective solution for public finance consolidation. This verification was based on the analysis of fiscal rules functioning in selected countries between 2004 and 2015. As per results of analysis the paper aims to give recommendations for the Czech financial constitution proposal. The actual results of inquiry proved the hypothesis. Well-chosen fiscal rules are the right way towards fiscal consolidation, provided they are observed. Fiscal rules making thus requires an emphasis to be placed on the well-formulated exit clauses altogether with prospective sanctions. The current Czech financial constitution proposal is built on the correctly picked fiscal rule type, although the reference value lacks economic sense and it would not lead, with a high degree of probability, towards fiscal consolidation.
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Tax and legal issues of real-estate business in Austria
Banctel, Kristýna ; Filipová, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Drozen, František (referee)
The purpose of this study is to compare tax and civil-law issues concerning property business in Austria and in Czech Republic in 2016 and to investigate the efficiency of the current legislation against the real estate bubble. The theoretical part of this study contains selected demographic and price statistics concerning real estate in both countries and focuses on the description of the existing law currently in effect in both compared countries. The practical part analyses tax and transactions costs that concern property trading and a comparison of possibilities of amortisations and rentability of a rented flat in both countries.
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The impact of the economic cycle to finance the defense of the Czech republic in years 2004-2014
Heres, Ondřej ; Chmelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Strejček, Ivo (referee)
This bachelor work examines the impact of economic performance on financing the defense sector in the Czech Republic in the years 2004-2014. The main questions are whether this influence is clear and the extent to which is essential for funding this sector. The work also provides a basic overview about development and structure of the Ministry of Defence budget in these years. The theoretical part contains theories of business cycle and public sector and briefly introduces the basic institutions that are tasked to provide a defense. The analytic part analyzes the expenditures and revenues of the Ministry of Defence and assesses their mutual influence and simultaneously the influence of GDP on these indicators. To compare with previous findings, the GPD growth rate and the growth rate of defense expenditures in selected countries of NATO are analyzed in brief in the last chapter. While findings based on data from the Ministry of Defence have rather anticyclical development of defense expenditures, in selected countries of NATO, the development is more procyclical. It highlights the very ambiguous impact of the economic cycle on expenditures in the defense sector.
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Supervision of volunteers in nonprofit organizations
Beerová, Michala ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
The theme of the presented bachelor thesis is the process of supervision and the volunteerism. Volunteering is an important subject in today's society and essentials workforce in social work. The aim of this work is to focus on the non-profit sector and try to describe it. Furthermore, there is an explanation of the position of volunteers in these organizations and supervision in social work. Supervision is one of the managerial function in non-profit organizations, which is widely and long-term applied. The thesis wants to show basics, consequences and benefits of volunteer's supervision. Providing supervision is one of the main objectives of the organization to support staff or their volunteers. This bachelor thesis explores volunteering and supervision in two countries, the Czech Republic and Sweden. This thesis compares two different approaches, based on history of these two countries. Volunteering and supervision are very interesting features of the non-profit organizations. The practical part of this thesis comprises from qualitative investigation of different nonprofit organizations. The organizations were interviewed to get information about the purpose of the volunteering, educational potential of supervision and the current situation of volunteer supervision there. The aim of this investigation...
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The Financial Literacy of Senior Citizens
KOCANDOVÁ, Soňa
This bachelor thesis focuses on the elderly and their financial literacy. This thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part defines actual knowledge about this theme and is divided into two chapters an introduction to issues about ageing and financial literacy. The author talks about seniors, demographic situation of ageing, forms of living, secured retirement in old age and financial literacy. The author also paid attention to presentations of products. The practical part includes the actual implementation of research and interpretation of the data is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the work and objectives of the research questions. The aim is to map the awareness of seniors in the effective management of their finances. The author also set partial research questions and the main research question is whether seniors are aware of their financial security. The second chapter researches methodology, which includes a qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews. The interviews are divided into three fields. The first is introductory information, the second field is financial literacy and the last field is presentations of products. The research methodology also characterizes the surveyed group, which consists of ten respondents over sixty five years old and lives in the Trebon region. In the third and the most extensive chapter there are the results and data. The elderly mostly answered in a different way however in some ways they agreed. The last chapter evaluates results and draws the author´s opinion. It has been found out that respondents have diverse interests and hobbies in retirement and they participate in them very actively. The income of the respondents is satisfactory to those who live in a household of two members. The financial situation has been described as good as well as average. Fifty percent of the respondents have experience with credit and only two of them create the budgets. The last set of questions was about demonstrations of goods and majority of the respondents have some experience with them. The last chapter is the conclusion which summarizes the information obtained. The main research question is whether seniors are aware of their financial security and the results show that all respondents have an over view of their finances. The elderly people orientate themselves well in money matters and they can optimally manage their money. They are vigilant in connection with credit and loans. They rather save money and they say that they do not buy anything when they do not have money. It is good that they are informed and can thus better resist the pitfalls that exist in this world, whether we like it or not. This thesis might be useful in practice for the elderly who want to try to draw up the budget. It can make a contribution to higher awareness about dangers of presentations of products.
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Míry podobnosti pro nominální data v hierarchickém shlukování
Šulc, Zdeněk ; Řezanková, Hana (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Milan (referee) ; Žambochová, Marta (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with similarity measures for nominal data in hierarchical clustering, which can cope with variables with more than two categories, and which aspire to replace the simple matching approach standardly used in this area. These similarity measures take into account additional characteristics of a dataset, such as frequency distribution of categories or number of categories of a given variable. The thesis recognizes three main aims. The first one is an examination and clustering performance evaluation of selected similarity measures for nominal data in hierarchical clustering of objects and variables. To achieve this goal, four experiments dealing both with the object and variable clustering were performed. They examine the clustering quality of the examined similarity measures for nominal data in comparison with the commonly used similarity measures using a binary transformation, and moreover, with several alternative methods for nominal data clustering. The comparison and evaluation are performed on real and generated datasets. Outputs of these experiments lead to knowledge, which similarity measures can generally be used, which ones perform well in a particular situation, and which ones are not recommended to use for an object or variable clustering. The second aim is to propose a theory-based similarity measure, evaluate its properties, and compare it with the other examined similarity measures. Based on this aim, two novel similarity measures, Variable Entropy and Variable Mutability are proposed; especially, the former one performs very well in datasets with a lower number of variables. The third aim of this thesis is to provide a convenient software implementation based on the examined similarity measures for nominal data, which covers the whole clustering process from a computation of a proximity matrix to evaluation of resulting clusters. This goal was also achieved by creating the nomclust package for the software R, which covers this issue, and which is freely available.
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