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Registered (prescribed) capital of capital companies, its creation and protection
Mancelová, Silvia ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
Résumé Authorized Capital of Stock Companies, its Formation and Protection Czech legal regulations related to authorized capital stem from the European concept of the real formation and preservation of the authorized capital that leads particularly to providing minimum guarantee rate of the stock company to its creditors. Authorized capital is an abstract number and it expresses the financial value of assets invested in the stock capital by its partners. The Commercial Code shall expressly stipulate the duty of authorized capital formation for the limited liability company as well as joint-stock company. The duty to form authorized capital at their formation may be indirectly permitted also for limited partnerships. In professional literature, the three basic functions of authorized capital are traditionally listed. Guarantee function, authorized capital as profit and loss measure and authorized capital as a mean to specify partner's share in the company. The concept of real authorized capital formation adopted by most European legal systems is based on achieving correspondence between the authorized capital and real capital and capital preservation through protective rules. Legislator's protective tools include the ban on return of deposits, ban on acquiring own company shares, compulsory reserve fund...
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Serverless single page application in JavaScript
Zikmund, Marian ; Pecinovský, Rudolf (advisor) ; Suchan, Vladimír (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to design and develop a framework for building modern single- page application in the JavaScript programming language and describe this approach to development. The work also contains the documentation for a more comfortable use and customization. The content is divided into eight chapters. The introduction is followed by the retrieval of information resources, including the specifics of the JavaScript programming language and explanation of the formation of single-page application. The description of the basic principles of their functioning, motivation and justification, when and why this approach is appropriate is also included. The work is primarily focused on the issue of single-page application, for which the use of the JavaScript programming language is crucial. For this reason, this work provides a whole chapter about this programming language, also including a description of its history and role in the context of others. Below are the common characteristics of single-page applications frameworks, built on top of the library ReactJS, whose formation is engaged in the following chapter. The developed framework also contains the user guide. The practical outcome of this work is an open source framework for creating serverless single-page applications, which is due to its architecture and documentation appropriately adaptable.
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Ab initio studie Lavesových fází v systémech Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo a Fe-Ta
Houserová, Jana ; Šob, Mojmír
Binary systems Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo and Fe-Ta can be found in many kinds of steels where the Laves-phase can be considered as a potential candidate for strengthening provided size and distribution of the particles are within certain limits. We performed electronic structure calculations to study the thermodynamic and structural properties of the C14 Laves phase with various compositions. In the frame of the thermodynamic study, we have evaluated the total energies of formation of Laves phase structure with different occupations of sublattices (Fe2Fe, Fe2X, X2Fe, X2X, where X stands for Cr, Mo and Ta) with respect to the Standard Element Reference (SER) states. These energies of formation are of great importance for prediction of stability of studied configurations.
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The influence of literature on the process of standardising the Kajkavian language region
Jirásek, Karel ; Kvapil, Miroslav (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Vinkler, Jonatan (referee)
The dissertation looks at the influence that literary works have had on the process of the language standardisation of the Croatian Kajkavian language. At the same time it follows the formation of the standard Slovenian language in Slovenian literature. Despite the fact that Kajkavian dialects are neighbours to the Slovenian dialects and are closely related to them, the language standardisation of the Kajkavian and Slovenian languages took place independently of each other, influenced by different historical conditions, and is therefore two separate processes which, however, are subject to the same regularities. The introduction looks at the European context of the formation of literatures in national languages and the fundamental changes that occurred following the expansion of book-printing. In it the author describes the factors that had an impact on the genre composition and literary production in national languages. The expansion of book-printing also caused the need for creating and standardising languages incorporating several dialects over larger territories. In this part the beginnings of Croatian and Slovenian book-printing are discussed and also a comparison is made with the situation in the Czech lands and the German and Italian environment. The main part of the dissertation deals with two...
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Relationship between petrographic parameters and technological properties of clastic sedimentary rocks used for crushed stone
Čermák, Martin ; Přikryl, Richard (advisor) ; Krutilová, Kateřina (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the finding and describing of the relationships between petrological parameters and technological properties of rocks used for the production of aggregates (crushed stone). Rock specimens were selected from a geological area of Culm (Lower Carboniferous age) in the area of Nízký Jeseník Mts. and Drahanská vrchovina uplands in the Czech Republic. Studied localities were selected on the basis of the current quarrying operations and also to represent the different strata. The six studied localities encompass Kobylí, Chabičov, and Bělkovice where Horní Benešov formation of Nízký Jeseník is exposed. Locality Valšov represents Andělské Hory formation and locality Nová Ves and Loštice represent Protivanov formation of Drahanská vrchovina uplands. Two specimens were taken from the locality Loštice (one from the second cut because there are produced low-grade aggregates and the third cut where high quality crushed stone is produced). A detailed mineralogical-petrographic examination of the samples was the first step, in an attempt to obtain their mineralogical composition and to identify the major rock-forming clasts. Thin sections were examined by standard polarizing microscopy. The auxiliary UV lamp and thin sections saturated by fluorescent substance were used for the...
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Formation of yield and dry matter with genetic resources of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Slowiaczek, Lukáš ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis with the topic: Formation of yield and dry matter with genetic resources of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) was worked out at the Department of botanics and plant physiology, Faculty of agrobiology, food and natural resources ČZU in Prague. The purpose of this thesis was to determine genotype and ontogenetic differences in amount of yield, production of dry mass, and value of growth-analytic characteristics in certain species of opium poppy. Diploma thesis was based on the fact that most of the studies about opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) are focused on the content of alkaloids and other substances present in poppy seeds. Due to this facts, it is necessary to describe the genotypes of poppy plants and their genetic resources from the physiological point of view.
Following species of opium poppy were chosen for the experiment: Akvarel, Albín, Buddha, Florian, Korneuburger Weisser, Lazur, Major, Marianne, Opál, Postomi, Sokol, Tatranský. These species were chosen according to their content of alkaloids, especially morfine very low content, low content, medium content and high content of morfine. All of the tested genotypes are tested as object of study of genetic poppy resources. Seeds were supplied by GB Oseva Pro s.r.o., o.z. VÚO Opava and company Český mák.
Field experiments were established at the research laboratory FAPPZ ČZU in Prague, in Červený Újezd. This location is in Prague-West division, in area of Middle Bohemia. The altitude of this location is 401 metres above the sea level. The size of the field for testing was 2 m2. The experiment was based in 4 repetitions by the method of Latin square. Winter wheat was used as the preceding crop. Opium poppy was planted according to agrotechnical principles of planting.
Content of dry mass in individual plant organs was measured in certain ontogenetic stages of opium poppy (35, 45, 49, 52, 54, 62, 81 BBCH). Size of leaf area was assessed by the image analysis WinDias. Yield of seeds was assessed as well. Growth-analytic characteristics were calculated from the values of wieght of dry mass and size of leaf area.
The results confirmed that the size of plants is influenced by its ontogeny and also by its species. The results also confirm, that the height of plants is not influenced by the content of morfine. Connection between the colour of seeds and height of plant was not confirmed either. Increase in weight of above-ground biomass depending on ontogenetic stage and influence of plant species was confirmed. There are differences in production of yield in species of poppy with different contents of morfine because the average weight of yield in species with very low content of morfine was 112,36 g, in species with low content of morfine 110,41 g, in species with middle content of morfine 12167 g and in species with high content of morfine 123,16 g. It was approved that ontogeny of plants influences the leaf area index (LAI) as it increases until blooming and then it decreases as a result of senescence and falling off the old leaves. Differences in leaf area index were detected among the species of opium poppy, depending on the content of morfine. It was detected that crop growth rate (CGR), relative crop growth rate (Rw) and relative growth rate of assimilation area (RA) are influenced by the ontogeny of plants. It was detected that species with high content of morfine in poppy seeds (Buddha, Postomi, Lazur) and species with white seeds Sokol and Albín have lower yield than species with middle content of morfine.
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Embrittlement of TiAl intermetalics induced by surface oxidation
Fukátková, Pavla ; Jan, Vít (referee) ; Dlouhý, Ivo (advisor)
This work aimed to study the effect of surface oxidation of TiAl intermetallic alloys, its fracture behavior and study the formation and stability of picked coatings that could prevent these phenomena. ?-TiAl alloy (Ti46Al7Nb) was examined by three different coatings (AlCr, AlCrN and AlCrNAg). Firstly, it was carried out short-term exposure to high temperature in an inert atmosphere for all coatings. Secondly, there were experiments of cyclic exposure to high temperature in normal atmosphere and isothermal high-temperature exposure in a normal atmosphere. During high-temperature experiments in normal atmosphere mass gain was measured and it was monitored a surface texture. Finally, the most promising coatings were chosen, and those were evaluated in bending strength.
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Acrylamide in potato products
Jiruška, Jan ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
This thesis provides a review describing acrylamide (AA), its detection and reduction. Botanical description and list of registered varieties of Solanum tuberosum in the Czech Republic is provided. Attention is payed to chemical composition of tubers. Next step is about AA. AA can cause carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, particularly because it can be converted to a more reactive compound glycidamide in a human body. Thanks to animal experiments, we can reveal negative effects on the human body.
AA is formed by heat treatment over 120 °C in potatoes. Therefore, it is in potato chips and crisps. It is reaction of the free amino acids (especially asparagine) and reducing sugars (mostly glucose or fructose). It is all about several consecutive reactions that are included in the Maillard reaction. This reaction causes typical taste and aroma in products. Unfortunately, AA is one of the byproducts.
Today, formation of acrylamide has growing attention, because scientists want to reduce it as much as possible. Growing, industrial processing of potatoes and addition of additives during heat treatment is included. Antioxidants can significantly prevent formation of AA in food. There are also gathered informations on advanced analytical methods to detect AA in food. Rapid methods of detection are becoming more popular by scientits, that is why they are also included.
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Histone code and its regulation during early embryonic development in pigs
Jelínková, Pavla ; Žalmanová, Tereza (advisor) ; Miriama, Miriama (referee)
Both pronuclei of the zygote undergo epigenetic changes after fertilization, which determines the quality of the zygote and successful early mammalian embryonic development. Shortly after fertilization epigenetic asymmetry among the pronuclei of the zygote is evident, while the paternal pronucleus undergoes active DNA demethylation, the DNA of the maternal pronucleus remains methylated. The male pronucleus in addition undergoes histone acetylation, whereas the histones of the female pronucleus remain methylated. Asymmetry of pronuclei and their epigenetic status predicts successful reprogramming of the genome, and thus the success of embryonic development. For the successful development of the embryo is therefore required correct formation of both of these pronuclei of the zygote and this formation of pronuclei is regulated by post-translational histone modifications called histone code. It was hypothesized that the histone code is regulated by the activity of NADP+ - dependent histone deacetylases, sirtuins.
In the experiment were used fully grown in vitro maturated pig oocytes that were fertilized with pig spermatozoa in vitro. After isolation of zygotes cultured with addition of the activator sirtuin resveratrol was performed immunofluorescence analysis of acetylated and methylated histone H3 at lysine K9 of pronuclei of the zygotes. From the results of control group asymmetry between the pronuclei of the zygote is evident; wherein the male pronucleus exhibits higher acetylation intensity contrast female pronucleus exhibits higher methylation intensity. After adding resveratrol to all experimental groups female pronucleus showed a significant increase of the methylated histone H3 at lysine K9, and contrary to the male pronucleus significant decrease of acetylated histone H3 at lysine K9.
Sirtuins are involved in the regulation of histone code in porcine zygote and it can be assumed that they also play a role during subsequent embryonic development, which is the subject of further study.
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