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Possibilities of nature and landscape protection in the Czech Republic and in the world
ŠEJNOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis deals with possibilities of protection of nature and landscape in the Czech Republic and the world. It mentions the state of nature and landscape in the Czech Republic and describes the development history of the protection of nature and it analyzes fundamental principles of nature and landscape in the Czech Republic and compares it with other countries. It also describes the legislative instruments of the Czech Republic in the protection of nature and landscape. The bachelor thesis describes some of the international agreements on the environment.
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Possible ways to breach the water supply system a draft of the measures to prevent its abuse in South Bohemia.
SOUKUPOVÁ, Eva
The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics of water as the basic structural element of the life on the Earth. It also mentions regulations related to critical infrastructure, water protection and water management. It describes water management system of the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region. It similarly characterizes the most probable chemical, biological or radiological water contaminants that might be abused by a man in the case of trespassing into waterworks system objects. The aim of the thesis was to map possible threats to the waterworks system and to propose follow-up measures preventing the South Bohemian Waterworks System from abuse. Upon identification of possible threats in the territory of South Bohemia and from the point of view of the extent of the thesis the text then focuses on intentional threat of waterworks object by a man. The research part first deals with more detailed description of the South Bohemia Waterworks System, from drinking water via its pumping, treatment, storage to its supply to final consumers. The system of drinking water supply to inhabitants of South Bohemia is divided into sectors by means of AKIS method here. A questionnaire to employees working in the water management sphere was based on this division and particularly vulnerability and the level of security measures in the individual South Bohemian Waterworks System sectors was evaluated from the information based on their answers. In the second plan the research part of the thesis focuses on description of security elements used in South Bohemian Waterworks System objects accompanied by my own photo documentation of objects and areas administered by the South Bohemian Waterworks Union. The elements of passive and active protection used by the South Bohemian Waterworks Union are documented and described here. Application of two operation analysis methods relates to this part. Quantitative research of security of waterworks objects based on evaluation of the best secured object of the South Bohemian Waterworks System was first performed. The obtained results enable us to determine which of the South Bohemian Waterworks System premises has the best active and passive security against trespass of unauthorized persons. To assess relevancy of the quantitative security research the method of relative comparison of waterworks objects security and its consequent interpretation by the security index is also used. The security index describes object protection against possible trespass within the whole area of the object. Application of this method brings numeric interpretation and identification of the overall security of the South Bohemian Waterworks System with regard to preference of the monitored parameters. The same result is achieved by both the methods. The applied operation analysis methods have revealed that the heart of the South Bohemian Waterworks System, the Plav drinking water treatment plant, the only drinking water treatment plant of South Bohemia supplying majority of South Bohemia inhabitants with drinking water, is the best protected object. Pumping stations and water towers are further well secured objects. There are also completely unsecured object in the South Bohemian Waterworks System. The conclusion contains some measures that should prevent unauthorized persons from trespassing into all waterworks objects and thus protect drinking water against contamination. As the observation has revealed the protection of waterworks objects should be improved with regard to the worsening safety situation in the world. This also involves the costs the South Bohemian Waterworks Union should invest in security to introduce the most up-to-date security elements into practice. We may conclude that the major part of waterworks objects are secured against abuse both passively and actively.
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Current status of nature protection and management in Lužnice floodplain
Montagová, Martina ; Pithart, David
Lužnice floodplain has been preserved in a semi-natural state in a cca 25 km long section located between the state border and the town of Suchdol n L. Meandering river is surrounded by pools and oxbows, which are flooded several timeas a year. Most of the area is now the subject of nature protection. Microorganisms (Algae), water plants, birds and other wetland biota found a refungium here. Biodiversivity is maintained by river activity and mosaic structure of the landscape, formed by e pastures and wet forests. This character of landscape is now endangered by ceasing of meadow management, hence, the large parts of floodplain are now under the succesional stages leading to the wet forest in the decrease of overall biodiversity.
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Route Mapping for Wheelchair Users in Protected Landscape Area Broumovsko
Gürtlerová, Jana ; Ortová, Marie (advisor) ; Pařízek, Michal (referee)
This work deals with accessibility of nature sites for the handicapped people, particularly wheelchair users. It informs about the accessibility of protected landscape areas and national parks in the Czech Republic. The legislative frame of the system of tourism for wheelchair users is still insufficient. Thanks to a few organizations and individuals, several handicapped-accessible nature trails were developed. The aim of this work is to map current possibilities of visiting the Protected Landscape Area Broumovsko on a wheelchair. Although the terrain of the area is rather difficult to acces, it was possible to create six new trails through this countryside. The tracks are suitable for wheelchair users in mechanical wheelchair with company. Five of these tracks lead through the area of Broumov's rocks and last track shows a part of the Adršpach Rock Town. The trails vary from three to six kilometers of length and they mostly covered with tarmac. One of the aims of the thesis is to produce an information leaflet monitoring routes for wheelchair users. In addition, it provides a detailed description of the routes on web sites of the Local Authority of CHKO Broumovsko and a few wheelchair users' organisations. The text of a leaflet containts information about accommodation and refreshment facilities for...
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Influence of meadow management on the migration behavior of selected species of butterflies
Bubová, Terezie ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Farkač, Jan (referee)
Migrations are the key process and one of the basic biological features, which allow survival of endangered species in fragmented landscape. In the last decades, agriculture intensification, industry and urbanization caused that number of natural butterfly habitats has significantly decreased. The localities originally suitable for butterflies are currnetly converted to farmland or building plots. This PhD thesis aimed to find a compromise solution of meadow management, which should allow a commercial use and concurrently do not jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species. The main idea of this study was in the intentional emigration causing in the middle of flight period, which should lead into resettlement of the population to another (potentially more suitable) locality. Possibility of aimed manipulation with butterfly emigrations would be considered as a major breakthrough in their protection.
The investigated species Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) and Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) are both considered to be flagship species for protection of European butterflies at open meadows. This study is based on research, which was carried out in 2013-2015 at 17 patch in localities Dolní Labe, Czech Republic. In above mentioned years, one selected meadow was mowed in the middle of flight season and the emigrations were then monitored using mark-release-recapture method. Results of population and migration characteristics were calculated in MARK 8.1 software. Subsequently, the effect of mowing on emigration (comparison of emigrations from the meadow before and after mowing) was evaluated using Statistica 13.
The hypotheses of this study were based on the assumption, that the loss of resources after well-timed mowing should increase the activity of adult butterflies. During the monitoring, number of emigrations was increased only in flight season 2015. Unfortunately, the statistical evaluation did not show significant effect of mowing on migrations. On the other hand, the hypothesis dealing with colonization of nearest meadows was confirmed.
Effect of intentional emigration caused by management interventions was unfortunately not proved. However, we found out, that even though the population at one mowed meadow decreased clearly, the metapopulation size at the locality remained more or less stable.
At investigated (mowed) meadow, there was observed a sharp decline of P. nausithous abundance. On the other hand, P. teleius population was only slightly reduced. It is therefore conceivable, that P. teleius are not as susceptible to innapropriate term of mowing. The results obtained in our research conclusively displayed no possible positive effect of mowing in the middle of flight season and a necessity of suitable management maintenance at localities inhabited by Phengaris butterflies.
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Analysis of Hospitality Facilities on a Selected Tourist Trail
Cypriánová, Michaela ; Mlejnková, Lena (advisor) ; Jarolímková, Liběna (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of hospitality facilities on a selected tourist trail. It is divided into four chapters. First chapter is devoted to the importance of catering and accommodation services in tourism and to the division of food and beverage and accommodation facilities. Seconde chapter describes the region Bohemian Paradise, the Protected Landscape Area, and the town Turnov as the heart of the Bohemian Paradise. Third chapter includes the description of the Bohemian Paradise Gold Trail and the most popular tourist attractions situated on the selected part of the trail. But this chapter mostly focuses on the analysis of food and beverage and accommodation facilities on this part of the trail and detailed comparison of two chosen restaurants and hotels. The last chapter sums up findings and gives recommendations.
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Compensatory market mechanisms in the sphere of conservation of species diversity and their potential use in the Czech Republic
Martíšková, Kateřina ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
Benefits that mankind obtains in connection with existence of the well-functioning ecosystems and biodiversity, are called ecosystem services. Although biodiversity is not an ecosystem service in itself, however it is one of the basic prerequisites for their function. The importance of this topic for society, directly depends on the importance of ecosystem services as a source of direct or indirect benefits that impact the well-being of the human population. The aim of the application of market mechanisms on this issue is to find the optimal level of environmental protection and human development, together with optimization of the allocation environmental goods. These market mechanisms are used by many countries around the world. The thesis analyzes several cases of use of compensatory market mechanisms, with a closer focus on the Australia, the Britain and the France. Costs and benefits of the system are recognized, together with the configuration of the operation in the various states. This thesis also provides views on the territorial structure of the Czech Republic, the value of their ecosystem services and they are also presented methods of biodiversity conservation on the basis of which the possibility of establishing a market-besed systém of biodiversity conservation in the Czech Republic has been discussed. Application of market mechanisms could bring a certain dynamism to the protection of biodiversity in the Czech Republic, which is currently provided by the system of national parks and other specially protected areas, which can act as barriers to economic development. On the contrary, the market system will allow the use of the landscape in places with the highest demand through the application of the price mechanism. However, due to administrative costs of this system so far, it seems that the application of biodiversity conservation is rather unlikely in the Czech Republic.
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