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není uveden
Bahannan, Abdulrehman ; Slavíček, Aleš (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Olga (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Endoscopic laser-assisted cordectomies classified by Remacle and Rudert (typ I-V cordectomies) comprise a vast range of procedures from simple vocal cord stripping or submucosal cordectomy (type I) through more extensive surgery (subligamentous cordectomy- type II, transmuscular chordectomy- type III) to complete (type IV) or extended cordectomies (type V) used when tumour involves the anterior commisure, arytenoid region, subglottic region etc. Endoscopic laser-assisted surgery of the larynx is usually indicated in early stages of infiltrative malignant disease of the glottic region (Tla-b, T2) or in preneoplastic conditions (laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia - LIN I, II or III). Radiotherapy is also believed to be an equivalent type of oncological therapy for these diseases. Both surgery and radiotherapy can worsen one of the main functions of the human larynx- the human voice. Because the overall survival rates and local control rates are quite similar in both types of therapy, one should always have in mind something that is beyond the main goal of achieving radical removal of the tumour- patients quality of life (QoL) and quality of voice. It is very interesting to compare QoL and voice quality in different types of treatment. The possibility to conserve the radiotherapy for the possible recurrence...
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The trans-fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and in fat content of breast milk as an indicator of their nutritional intake
Dlouhý, Pavel ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee) ; Hrubý, Stanislav (referee) ; Zadák, Zdeněk (referee)
Trans fatty acids (TFA) are unsaturated fatty acids, which have one or more double bonds in the trans configuration. Their main dietary sources are partially hardened fats and food products containing partially hardened fats (margarines, shortenings, bakery products, and fast foods). TFA are thought to increase the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. These fatty acids have adverse effects on blood lipid levels, increasing LDL-cholesterol while decreasing HDL-cholesterol. Consumption of TFA can also impair insulin sensitivity. High intake of TFA is associated with systemic inflammation, activation of immune functions and endothelial dysfunction. Hypotheses also exist that TFA may have adverse effect on the metabolism of essential fatty acids and foetus development. The concentration of TFAs in subcutaneous fat is a very good indicator of dietary exposure of TFA. This concentration reflects long-term dietary intake of these fatty acids. Levels of TFA in human milk are more variable; however, it is quite simple to obtain a sample of human milk. The purpose of our studies was to determine (a) content of TFA in subcutaneous fat samples from persons with coronary atherosclerosis and from persons with no sign of coronary dinase and (b) the content of TFA in early human milk of breast-feeding women...
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The endocrine function of adipose tissue and its importance for initiation and development of insulin resistance and diabetes
Haluzík, Michal ; Schreiber, Vratislav (advisor) ; Marešová, Dana (referee) ; Šeda, Ondřej (referee)
Endocrine production of adipose tissue is a very complex process affected by numerous endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPAR-) are important modulators of metabolic processes which can also affect endocrine function of adipose tissue. Recently, numerous novel factors produced by adipose tissue with important metabolic effects were identified. Some of them can directly bind PPAR receptors. One of the examples of these factors is fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) which can directly bind PPAR receptors and indirectly modify its activation by changing availability of endogenous PPAR ligands -free fatty acids. We hypothesized that the mechanism of action of PPAR receptors to metabolic processes may partially lie in their complex interaction with adipose tissue-derived hormones. The unraveling of these interactions may have important consequences in finding approaches to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (...) In summary, our data show an important role for the interplay of PPAR activation and endocrine function of adipose tissue in metabolic regulations which may have important clinical consequences.
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Possibilities of physical therapy in females with muscular dysbalances of the type of the upper crossed syndrome
Tetřevová, Eva ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Smékal, David (referee)
Upper-crossed syndrome is, according to Janda, described as a muscle imbalance in the upper part of the body, which significantly affects function of the cervical spine, the thoracic spine and the shoulder girdle. The non-physiological function and the position in these parts further influence, above all, respiratory stereotype - upper breathing - and body statics. Therapy is based on influencing the deep stabilizing system, followed by a therapy focused on the place of malfunction and the kinesiology count. Therapy of deep stabilization system complex infuences breath and postural function in their mutual coordination and it is program-controlled by CNS. Importance of close connection of breath and postural functions ensues from the fact, that respiratory muscles participate in internal stabilization with deep spinal muscles. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Equine-assisted therapy in the Czech Republic. Investigation of organizations engaged in equine-assisted therapy aiming at organization, theory and practice
Polášková, Markéta ; Kodymová, Pavla (advisor) ; Holda, Dalibor (referee)
Cílem této práce je provedení pilotního šetření v organizacích, jež se prakticky zabývají léčebným pedagogicko-psychologickým ježděním (LPPJ) v ČR. Představuje léčebné pedagogicko-psychologické ježdění jako metodu využitelnou v rámci ucelené rehabilitace a zamýšlí se nad rolí, kterou by v této oblasti mohl zaujímat sociální pracovník. Pro bližší nastínění metody je část práce věnována jejímu historickému vývoji, legislativnímu rámci a faktorům působícím v LPPJ, které pak ilustruje na využití metody u vybraných skupin klientů. Jsou specifikovány i požadavky na pracovníky a na nutné zázemí. Předmětem praktické části je samotné šetření v organizacích provozujících LPPJ. Zaměřuje se na zmapování současné situace v těchto zařízeních jak po stránce organizační, tak po stránce personálního zajištění a konkrétní praxe. Tato práce vychází z předpokladu, že v praxi se organizace i samotní terapeuti LPPJ potýkají s mnohými problémy. Zvláštní pozornost je tedy věnována jejich identifikaci a nástinu možných řešení. Pro zjištění potřebných informací jsem použila dvou typů dotazníků, které byly za tímto účelem zkonstruovány. První z nich je zaměřen na získání faktických údajů o konkrétním zařízení a druhý se zaměřuje přímo na terapeuty LPPJ a zjišťuje jak faktické údaje týkající se jejich vzdělání a dalších kompetencí v...
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The Result of High Dose Therapy with Peripheral Blood Stemm Cells (PBCs) Support at Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Mecl, Jan ; Špička, Ivan (referee) ; Kořen, Jan (advisor)
The submitted thesis is based on comparison of therapeutical effectivity of two different methods using in multiple myeloma patients for therapy. The best therapy seems to be single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantation ASCT with stimulation and separation of periferal blood stem cells (PBSCs). The stimulation could be done by CFA (cyclofosfamid) or cytostatik combinaňtion, e.g. IVE (ifosfamide, vepeside, epirubicine) in combination with G - CSF (granulocyte - colony - stimulating factor). The question which is not answered is which one of those methods is more effective. And which one of single or tandem ASCT is more profitable if any. The goal of the study is to compare two different methods of stimulation and separation of PBSCs (CFA and IVE). I compare the effectivity from a viewpoint of breeding PBSCs and also time consuming of the separation meňthods. Nobody has done this comparison before us. To separate PBSCs was used COBE Spectra apheresis systém. Spectra is efficient to separate the whole blood into its components. The group for my study were 167 patients with Multiple Myeloma. Part was stimulated with CFA the other part with IVE. In every one of those groups we compare the number of PBSCs represent by CD34+ cells, type and period of several separation methods and also differences between...
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Glucose-metabolism patology during pregnancy
Janštová, Alena ; Andělová, Kateřina (advisor)
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease occurring mostly over the age of 40 years. In recent years, however, increasingly more often in younger populations , often even adolescents and children. The team is also related to the increasing prevalence of pregnant women diagnosed with pregestačným type 2 diabetes . Material fact is worsening of pregnancies among these women. The incidence of congenital malformations is 2 - 3 times higher than the normal population . prevalence of sudden intrauterine death is approximately four times higher . Perinatal mortality is comparable in both types of diabetes (2.6% of type 1 diabetes vs.3 , 7 % for type 2 diabetes ) but causes leading to fetal death are different. In Type 1 diabetes is the leading cause of perinatal mortality severe malformation of the fetus and complications related to prematurity . In type 2 diabetes dominated by sudden intrauterine fetal death . From these facts shows how important it is to you earliest detection of the disease , the importance of preconception care with emphasis on planning Parenting and provide adequate prenatal care.
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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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