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THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE FAMILIES TOWARDS QUESTIONS OF TICK-BORNE DISEASES
LANGEROVÁ, Dagmar
Bachelor´s work deals with the questions of 2 most frequent tick - borne diseases in the Central Europe - Tick Borne Encephalitis and Lyme Disease. The purpose of my work is to survey the awareness of České Budějovice families about these diseases and possibilities of their prevention. For the primary data collection the technique of questionnaire has been chosen. As the target group pupils of higher classes of basic schools and their parents have been chosen. From 110 distributed sets of questionnaires only 63 have been processed. After the evaluation of these questionnaires, both my hypotheses have been disproved. The awareness of parents was better than the awareness of pupils, but the difference was very small. České Budějovice families know that the risk of Tick Borne Encephalitis in the region of South Bohemia is higher than in other regions in our country. The level of awareness of České Budějovice families about questions of tick {--} borne diseases is quite good.
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Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Kafková, Simona ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Cervical cancer is a disease characterized by an abnormal growth of cells in the uterine cervix. It is caused by an infection with a range of high risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and it is now accepted that more that 99 % of the cervical cancer is initiated by the HPV infection. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease. Most of the HPV infections are only temporary and human organism can destroy the infection with its own immune response. A persistent infection can lead to the malign transformation and an uncontrolled cell proliferation. There are more than 10 years between an epithelial infection and cervical cancer. Prevention of cervical cancer includes an HPV protection, an early diagnosis and a treatment. In spite of the fact that there has been enormous progress in the area of the cervical cancer prevention when vaccination against the most common HPV types was discovered, an early precancerous diagnosis through the use of the full-area screening still remains an essential precaution. The screening still needs to be provided not only to unvaccinated women but also to the immunized ones because current vaccines protect only against 80% of the oncogenic HPV types. Because of the prolonged absence of clinical symptoms in precancerous stages, the cytodiagnosis is the only method...
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease
Paleček, Tomáš ; Bultas, Jan (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Fabry disease is an X-linked glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. This leads to progressive intracellular accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide. Besides various extracardiac disease-related abnormalities, cardiovascular involvement represents a typical manifestation of Fabry disease. The primary underlying mechanism relies on pathological substrate accumulation in cardiomyocytes, conduction system cells, valvular fibroblasts, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy represents a characteristic cardiovascular feature of Fabry disease. The aim of our studies was to describe in detail cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease using ultrasonography, which currently represents basic noninvasive imaging modality in cardiology. We focused on structural and functional abnormalities of ventricles, valvular apparatus and their relationship to vascular involvement expressed on common carotid arteries. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of the two novel echocardiographic methods used for the left ventricular diastolic function assessment. The possible existence of circulating proliferative factor, which might be associated with...
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Laboratory diagnostic of the thrombofilic diseases.
Studená, Šárka ; Blažek, Martin (referee) ; Pecka, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis describes the occurance of trombophilic attacs and about their diagnostic possibilities in women with recurent spontaneous abortions. In the study, the sample of women tested were the ones who subscribed for treatment in the 2nd internal disease clinic - Department of clinical hematology of Faculty hospital and Medical faculty Univerzity Karlovy in Hradec Kralove in years 1995-2007. I have also used the materials from archive whilst investigating some samples from past. I was actively involved in this investigation in last couple of years. During writing conclusion of the knowledge gained, following criteria from the literature of our choice and search were used based on the described importance of trombophylic attacs with rising incidence of is capture: age - in this part we used the median of age from the observed sample number of undertaken abortions - this parameter has a great significancy, however it is needed to overview whole period of pregnancy, afterwhich the abortions arose (in first trimester is crucial third abortion and in second trimester the second abortion has been under the count) number of newborn children - the risk of spontaneous abortion is rising with every child the period of using contraception - the usage of contraceptives can in an early stage show the...
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Comparison of Occupational Diseases Notified in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic in 2006
Hrabovská, Lucia ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
The concept of occupational disease refers to diseases that originated adverse of detrimental effects of the working environment. Czech and Slovak legislation Republic of match in cases that could be classified as an occupational disease. In both countries, the disease can be recognized as an occupational disease , provided that is listed in the list of occupational diseases and created the conditions listed in the list of occupational diseases. Since occupational diseases have a serious impact impact on staff and also may pose consequences for employer must meet legislative and uniform diagnostic criteria . Purpose of determining the number of occupational diseases is gathering information for analysis of the problems in health when illness and the risk of occupational disease is one of the basic indicators of the effectiveness prevention, the decision of the competent authorities to take appropriate organizational and other measures for scientific research, for education in the field and for international comparisons. The incidence of occupational diseases is also one important indicators of the health status of the population, especially the population working age. Medical severity of occupational diseases is intensified their economic and social consequences. In terms of health social and occupational...
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Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent pregnancy losses
Hoftová, Kateřina ; Andělová, Kateřina (advisor)
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS ) is an interesting nosological unit , in which diagnosis and therapy blends many medical disciplines , most of Internal Medicine , gynecology , neurology and immunology. This is due to the diversity of symptoms to which this Autoimmune disease occurs. The basis of these symptoms are thrombosis , arterial and venous, which can affect any organ or tissue in the body. APS is not common diseases and their diagnosis is problematic. Yet it is important for this syndrome think , because it is often influenced therapeutically . It was found that the APS can cause recurrent pregnancy loss in otherwise healthy women (primary APS) in women with other diseases (secondary APS). pregnancy losses include early abortions (up to 10 weeks of gestation ) , late abortions (over 10 weeks gestation ) premature births , all at morphologically and genetically normal embryos and fetuses. At the same time APS associated with a higher incidence of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia , placental insufficiency, intrauterine growth retardation , etc. If the APS as a cause of miscarriages identified and treated according to current technical recommendations , the result is a substantial percentage successful pregnancy.
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Lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease before and after surgery
REZKOVÁ, Helena
Theoretical background: Peripheral arterial disease is a serious disease of Loir limb arteries which originates from atherosclerosis. The theoretical part deals with the lifestyle. There are mentioned basic risk factors of chronic forms. Further described are the pathophysiology changes generated on the basis of atherosclerosis and related causes for the origin of the disease. Subsequently there are explained methods of classification, developed clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy. This section also looks at the role of a nurse in the care of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate how patients with peripheral arterial disease changed their lifestyle after invasive vascular surgery. There were provided the following research questions: How do patients with peripheral arterial disease approach to the prevention of risk factors? What is in patients with peripheral arterial disease the main impuls for the possible change of their lifestyle? What influences surgery patient's attitude to risk factors for peripheral arterial disease? How crucial is a lifestyle change in patients after surgery for peripheral arterial disease? Methods: The theoretical part is processed using expert sources. The empirical part of the theses was processed using qualitative research. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews with patients, with prepared open questions. The research was done in several phases - the first interview was conducted at the patient admission department (before surgery), followed by the next phase after three months, and 6 months after surgery. The interviews were recorded on a prepared form, then transcribed into electronic form and analyzed by open coding method. Results: The research showed that surgery can sometimes be triggered by changes in the patient's lifestyle. The first interviews in the preoperative period focused on how respondents felt, what was their lifestyle before surgery for atherosclerotic changes of the lower extremities. One of the questions was focused on patient knowledge about risk factors for the development of PAD and possible prevention. The second phase of interviews took place 3 months after the surgery. It dealt with the question about the respndents´ lifestyle, the respondents in the postoperative period, whether there were any changes. Some positive changes occurred in eating and there were some changes in doing physical activity. The third stage was carried out six months after surgery, again in order to detect changes in lifestyle. Minor changes came in smoking habits, the issue of diet and physical aktivity. Questions were also focused on the psychological level. We found out who helped patients and what was most motivating in implementing changes. In the conclusion/summing up question the patients marked themselves ow they managed to make a change. Conclusion: The number of patients with peripheral arterial disease and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing. The basis is the start to modify risk factors, namely tobacco use,dietary habits, physical activity. The medical staff members participate on changes in patients´ lifestyle by appropriate education. The problem occurs when the patient despite the support of close people can not cope to carry a twist in their life. There should a medical staff member offer a professional help to deal with this important step. Practical use: The aim is to draw attention to the expansion of education about lifestyle changes for patients diagnosed with PAD also in the postoperative period. Patients who are released to home care should receive enough information that would convince them to change their attitude towards their health, and that surgery is only one of the ways to prevent further attacks and complications. Results can improve communication with patients and focus on increasing their awareness and possibly offer assistance.
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Cystic fibrosis and Nutrition
PECHOVÁ, Jana
The name of bachelor's thesis is "Cystic fibrosis and nutrition". Cystic fibrosis is hereditary chronic disease. It is dysfunction ducts of chloride in a human organism. The manifestation of cystic fibrosis is large quantities of a mucus in the respiratory and digestive system of patient with this diagnostic. This disease we put in the group of very rare illnesses. The smaller percentage citizens in the Czech Republic have this disease. For the people with cystic fibrosis is priority follow recommended eating habits. Prognosis of this disease is getting better and patients can live full-value life. This thesis dealing with how observe the recommended eating habits and eating regimens. The thesis contains some objectives. First, there is finding out whether children who suffer from cystic fibrosis can all sorts of foodstuffs whether they have special requests for quality and preparation of foodstuffs. The second most important objective is appraisal of diets some sample of people with cystic fibrosis. For objectivity this thesis was chose four respondents in age bracket from three to eighteen years. On the basis of evaluation their week-long diet, questionnaires with their parents and with them and manoeuver a conversation will be to find out whether children observe all principle of recommended eating regimens. In the theoretic part of the thesis are use opinions of experts who are occupying with cystic fibrosis exhaustively. Their experience show how is important to choose right diet and observe correct eating principles and eating regimens. These opinions are use in the practical part. Conclusions from discussion can be used for practical work nutritive therapists who can meet with children with cystic fibrosis.
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Evaluation of genotypic response of winter wheat production interventions
Bláha, Tomáš ; Faměra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
Sources used in this thesis concerns the cultivation, the development and the growth of wheat and its recommendation for agro-ecological conditions such as requirements for the crop, influence of the agricultural technologies to underground parts, fertilization of wheat, the optimum sowing date and sowing depth. In the next part of literature search there is an information about response of winter wheat for chemical protection including treatment morforegulator of growth. The end of literature search deals with the composition of wheat grain and its potential influence to quality.
The methodological part is devoted to independent description of characteristics of the varieties which are included in experiment. Data for evaluation are based on literature published by ÚKZÚZ. This part summarizes the equipment used for conducting an experiment. Equipment consists machinery and laboratory equipment.
The experiment was located at two places - in Úhřetice near to Chrudim and in Krukanice near to Plzeň. Both places are valuated in the essay - description of altitude, soil type etc.
Evaluated results of experiments are at the end. The conclusion of my thesis is that more comfortable climate for growing wheat is in Úhřetice - the average yield is for almost 20 % higher than in Krukanice. Other conclusion is about late sowing date which reduces yield and about increasing number of antifungal treatment increases the yield. Each of the varieties are valuated in the next part and the best treatment options for them are recommended. One fungicide treatment is proposed resistance to disease (Bohemia, Seladon), dual fungicide treatment is recommended for the rest of varieties. Field evaluation of disease shows that intensity of the treatment must respond to the current situation (according to the year).
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