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Pulsed liquid jet generated by pulse multiplication technique
Dvorský, R. ; Sitek, Libor ; Sochor, T.
First theoretical papers summarizing the high mechanical energy cumulation when high-speed drops impacting the solid surface as a result of the water hammer effect have been known since 1960’s. Heymann has demonstrated that pressure maximum in the impact of a spherical drop of a liquid is several times higher than the presupposed maximum for the classical water hammer effect. The latter maximum pressure itself exceeds the mere stagnation pressure of the continuous jet many times hereat. When developing devices for pulse jet generation a new generalization of the classical water hammer theory for high pressures has been implemented. Based on this the new patented principle of “pulse multiplication” has been formulated. The pulse multiplier is the source of high-pressure pulses with 100% depth of modulation of liquid jet discharge velocity that allows increasing the jet disintegration effect significantly without the abrasive material application.
Fulltext: content.csg -  DOC
Plný tet: UGN_0398574 - DOC
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Application of art therapy elements for students at high special school (practical)
Koubská, Patricie ; Valešová Malecová, Barbara (advisor) ; Šiška, Jan (referee)
Application of art therapy elements for students at high special school (practical) The theme of this bachelor thesis is the use of art therapy procedure for pupils from practical two-year high school. The aim of this thesis is to consider the possibilities of using elements of group art therapy for the development of self-knowledge, communication, for strengthening of prosocial ties and increasing of a sense of group belonging. In the narrower sense, art therapy is underwood as a fine art therapy. Theoretical basis of the thesis will be the methods of art therapy, their possibilities and procedures, developmental aspects of maturing, specifics of maturing for pupils with handicaps (mental retardation issues, specific disorders of behavior problems of pupils with social and physical handicaps). In the practical part of the thesis there is described the use of these methods in my own art lessons.
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Nutrition of pregnant - reccomendation and reality
FAJMONOVÁ, Simona
For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the theme : Nutrition of pregnant women recommendations and reality. The theoretical part includes the specifics of nutrition in preconception period and pregnancy, risk groups of pregnant women, high-risk behavior and a chapter about dietary supplementation in pregnancy. Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life. The changes that accompany pregnancy also impose increased demands on the supply of the body with nutrients. I have chosen the method of a survey for the processing of the research part of my thesis. The practical part includes the results of the survey, which was attended by 80 women in the 7th-9th month of pregnancy. The questionnaire asked for basic information besides the weight, height and weight gain in pregnancy, also eating habits, fluid intake, inadequate habits (alcohol, smoking), use of dietary supplements, awareness of pregnant women and their physical activity. The questionnaires were processed in Microsoft Excel using tables and graphs. All collected pieces of information about dietary habits were compared with the recommendations for pregnant women. The aim of this thesis was to find out what is the reality of eating habits of pregnant women compared with recommendations. Another aim was to determine, whether pregnant women are well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy and where they get the information from. Further aim was to explore, whether pregnant women use nutritional supplements before or during pregnancy and what kind of them. The last aim was to determine some of the bad habits during pregnancy (e.g. alcohol , smoking). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that by the majority of pregnant women the reality and recommendations coincided in water intake and beverage preference. Most of them preferred water or tea. Coffee consumption was also by the majority of them problem-free. Eating meat and eggs corresponded with the recommendations for a large group of respondents. As for legumes, fish and fish products, their consumption corresponded with the recommendations by only about half of the women. Eating fruits and vegetables were in the majority of pregnant women unfortunately insufficient as well as the consumption of milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds. It would be very appropriate to increase consumption of these groups of food. Conversely, the consumption of sausages and sweets, which turned out to be more frequent, should be reduced . Most women were well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy, in most cases from the media or pregnancy counseling from a doctor. Here, I would suggest creating a website for pregnant women offering really reliable information. Nutritional supplements related to pregnancy were used by about half of the respondents. Only less than a half of the surveyed women supplemented folic acid in preconception period. I would suggest to create some information leaflets about the suitability of folic acid supplementation in preconception period and place them in the gynecological outpatient's clinics . Pregnant women ordinarily didn't smoke and consume alcohol. Occasional alcohol consumption stated 14 % of women. It seems that women are informed enough about the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Nutrition and other factors, which have influence on the formation and prevention of colorectal cancer
BENEŠOVÁ, Lucie
The full title of my bachelor thesis is Nutrition and Other Factors Influencing the Development and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. In the theory section of the paper I have concentrated on clarifying the term "colorectal cancer", its epidemiology, and furthermore, on diet and other risk factors concerning the development and prevention of this disease. In this theory section I have included information about screening tests for occult bleeding. I have addressed the key objectives in the practical section of the thesis. I had set two key objectives. The first was to research how well respondents were informed concerning diets beneficial in the prevention of colorectal cancer, and the second objective concentrated on assessing the respondents' behaviour in relation to the information they had acquired. The research questions were formulated thus: "How well are people informed about diets aimed at preventing colorectal cancer?" and "Do people behave according to information thus gained?" The qualitative research method a semi-structured interview was used for the research section. Ten male respondents over the age of 45 took part in the interview. Five of these males were Dr Ilona Paseková's outpatients all with a genetic disposition to colorectal cancer, with most experiencing problems related to this disease. The other five respondents were without any predispositions. After receiving answers to the questions posed to the respondents, I wanted to compare both groups in order to ascertain whether those with a genetic predisposition showed a greater interest in this disease. Furthermore, I wanted to find out whether those respondents were actively seeking information concerning the prevention or treatment of colorectal and anal cancer. All those interviewed were very open and willing to answer questions. Collection of data was carried out from January 2014 to March 2014. The conclusions of this thesis show that public awareness of colorectal cancer and its prevention is inadequate. Public awareness of diets beneficial in the prevention of colorectal cancer is markedly poor, even among high-risk respondents. Having observed this lack of awareness, I proceeded to question respondents as to their dietary and lifestyle habits. Furthermore, the respondents were asked if they were aware that colorectal cancer screening was available in the Czech Republic. The results showed that some respondents, however unaware of diets beneficial in the prevention of colorectal cancer, follow a healthy diet, thus fulfilling dieticians' recommendations concerning the prevention of this disease. When asked about preventive foods, respondents most often mentioned brassicas broccoli and cabbage, etc. Conversely, the most often mentioned foods said to increase the risk of disease were smoked meat and red meat. One respondent mentioned the preventive affects of shark cartilage. I was very surprised by this assertion and subsequently searched the internet for information relating to shark cartilage. To my surprise, I found that the respondent was indeed not mistaken, and that statements to that effect can be found on websites promoting dietary supplements containing shark cartilage extract. According to these sources sharks do not suffer from cancer and therefore, their cartilage is closely studied and dietary supplements containing its extracts are produced. Furthermore, I intended to compare two groups of respondents those with genetic dispositions and those without. After carrying out the respective interviews, their comparison appeared to be futile. In both groups I identified respondents who followed a healthy diet and lifestyle as well as those who did not. I found that there is no relation between high-risk habits and predisposition to colorectal cancer. Whether a respondent with such a predisposition decided to follow a healthy diet or change his dietary habits and lifestyle or not was purely a question of his personal preferences.
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Sorption and Stabilization of Metals/Mettalloids by Innovative Synthesized Sorbent Amochar.
Ouředníček, P. ; Trakal, L. ; Komárek, M. ; Pohořelý, Michael
Remediation of contaminated soil which is based on stabilization and immobilization of potential\nhazardous substance by sorption materials has been studied intensively nowadays. Biochar – activated organic carbon belongs to this group of stabilizing agents which can adsorb wide range of contaminants, including metals/metalloids. Surface area of the biochars is quite large in general and functional groups (e.g. COO–) can form chelates or alkaline elements on the surface, which is represented by cation exchange capacity. Altogether with the high pH values (7.00 – 10.00), biochars are quite effective sorbents and can adsorb metals/metalloids from the solution (ground water), especially in acidic soils (in the environments affected by intensive mining activities). Sorption\neffectiveness can be increased (especially for As (V) or Cr (VI) sorption) by modification of biochar by various types of secondary oxides. Innovative sorbent AMOchar (AMO + biochar) has been synthesized currently. The product was prepared by adding of biochar to the reaction solution during amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) synthesis. The AMOchar was formed mainly by Mn-oxalates which had coated surface of the pristine biochar. AMOchar composite was able to remove significantly higher amounts of various metal(loid)s from the solution despite the rather high pH of the material. Sorption effectiveness was high not only in case of Pb (II) sorption (almost 99%), and Cd(II) (51.2%), but also a very high amount of As(V), 91.4%. Additionally, both AMOchar composite was able to reduce Mn leaching. This can avoid potential post-contamination caused by the dissolution of less stable Mn-oxalates as observed in the pure AMO.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_22316111113040 - PDF
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Arctic tundra dendrochronology
Lehejček, Jiří ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
Historically unprecedented environmental change in the Arctic ecosystems is often given into the context of its past and possible future development. In the region where instrumental meteorological observations are scarce archives need to be investigated in order to address this issues. The comprehensive synthesis one of the archives: long-live circumpolar evergreen Juniperus communis L. shrub is presented here. 20 individuals from southwest Greenland were investigated at the cell anatomy level to understand the ecology of the species and unhide its potential for environmental and climate reconstructions. The findings are as follows:
i) Stop of exponential cross-sectional conduit-lumen widening with increasing age is in contrast with conduit-lumen nature of trees. This indicates that shrubs do not need to saturate their water and nutrient demands via traits of classical hydraulic conductivity law but rather developed different mechanisms. Extreme weather conditions result in prostrate growth form. However, different weather factors probably influence shrub growth differently: While snow and wind act mechanically (a), temperature influences the form of growth physiologically (b). a) So long as the young shrub stem has high resilience to bend back to an upright position after snow melt and so long as it can withstand the wind during the vegetation season it most likely grows upright and the conduit-lumens widen. b) Temperature, resp. freeze-thaw events are responsible for the shrubs preference of safety (finite size of conduit-lumens) over hydraulic efficiency, thus not allowing for more primary growth. All of these (and other) factors are apparently working together and the transition of vertical to more horizontal growth is gradual. As a consequence, the conduit-lumen sizes may not have to be further increased (due to ecophysiological restrictions possibly also must not) because water is no longer transported against gravity.
ii) Observed age/growth trend has to be taken into consideration for further employment of the wood anatomical parameter in paleoenvironmental studies. That is, shrub cell parameters can only be used for this purposes if correctly detrended. This allows for more accurate as well as longer reconstructions because youth trend was often neglected in reconstructions based on shrub annual-rings.
iii) The south-western Greenland Ice-Sheet (GrIS) melt rates reconstruction is presented for the whole 20th century. This part of GrIS is considered as the most active. According to the presented reconstruction current GrIS melt rates are not uncommon for the last century being comparable to first decades of 20th century. This finding is particularly important contribution to the debate on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Too high fresh water inputs into the Northern Atlantic from GrIS melting may slow down or even stop the AMOC which would result in more continental climate in Europe. Presented results indicate that this threshold lies higher than observed current melt rates of GrIS.
Fascinating Juniperus comunnis species has shown to be able to address many ecological as well as environmental open questions and due to its longevity and abundant distribution has a great potential to become an important player in the Arctic research.
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Comparison of the Views and Attitudes of Pupils at Secondary Vocational Schools in the Field of Substance Abuse
Mazánková, Michaela ; Jirsáková, Jitka (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
Bachelor thesis entitled Comparison of the views and attitudes of pupils at secondary vocational schools in the field of substance abuse deals with a comparison of opinions and attitudes of pupils at secondary schools and vocational schools Obchodní akademie a Hotelová škola Havlíčkův Brod. The first part is devoted to general characteristics of risky behavior, causes of its origin, different types and prevention of risk behaviors . Analytical part is devoted to evaluation of the questionnaire and the results are compared opinions and attitudes of students of graduation schools and vocational schools, and point to the simultaneous occurrence of risk behavior studied in high school. Based on data evaluation are at the end of the work proposed specific preventive measures specifically for students of graduation schools and vocational schools.
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Cooperation of high schools with external contractors in preparing school educational programs
Tulach, David ; Lačev, Alek (advisor) ; Hochel, Matej (referee)
This thesis, Cooperation of high schools with external contractors in preparing school educational programs, deals with the question whether it would be possible and beneficial for high schools to cooperate with companies on the preparation or modification of their educational programs, with the goal of improving the quality of education. After initial contributions from experts who provided negative replies to this question, the view was focused on the root of the issue - what are the historical pillars of public schools and pedagogy, what does science say about learning and teaching, how pedagogy reacts to the crisis of science. After comparing literal sources and results from interview with the experts, in combination with a trace and activity analysis, a theory was established that public education is reaching a point of crisis, has not changed in its essence since its beginning and that the best solution might be the establishment of alternative educational institutions.
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