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Posouzení míry antropogenního narušení vodního režimu lesních ekosystémů a jeho důsledků na změnu funkčních schopností lesů‚ návrh revitalizačního managementu (řešení pro modelové povodí)
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Ústav tvorby a ochrany krajiny, Brno ; Správa NP a CHKO Šumava, Kašperské Hory ; Smítka, D. ; Melicharová, A. ; Kotásková, Pavla ; Kupec, Petr ; Synková, Jana ; Hrůza, Petr ; Vyskot, Ilja ; Stíbal, František
Výsledky průzkumu antropogenního narušení vodního režimu v povodích toků Hučinka a Lesní potok. Výsledky řešení vlivu lesní dopravní sítě na poškození lesních ekosystémů a antropogenního narušení v transportním segmentu lesní správy Stožec. Bylo provedeno hodnocení celospolečenských funkcí lesa.
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Posouzení míry antropogenního narušení vodního režimu lesních ekosystémů a jeho důsledků na změnu funkčních schopností lesů‚ návrh revitalizačního managementu (řešení pro modelové povodí)
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zemědělská fakulta, Laboratoř aplikované ekologie, České Budějovice ; Pokorný, Jan ; Vácha, Aleš ; Brom, Jakub ; Procházka, Jan ; Hais, Martin
Cílem výzkumu je vyhodnocení vlivu antropického narušení vodního režimu na funkční schopnosti lesních ekosystémů, kvantifikace funkčních schopností a účinků lesních porostů a determinace jejich změn. V letech 2005-2007 byly řešeny tyto úlohy: 1) Hodnocení teplotního režimu na povrchu korun lesních porostů v subpovodích Bonarova a Ferdinandova potoka v letech 2005-2007, 2) Srovnání teplot krajinného krytu v subpovodích Bonarova a Ferdinandova potoka z družicových dat v letech 2005-2007, 3) Případová studie hodnocení povrchového odtoku vody a látek ze srovnávacích povodí v roce 2006.
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Posouzení míry antropogenního narušení vodního režimu lesních ekosystémů a jeho důsledků na změnu funkčních schopností lesů‚ návrh revitalizačního managementu (řešení pro modelové povodí)
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Ústav tvorby a ochrany krajiny, Brno ; Neruda, Jindřich ; Ulrich, Radomír ; Ševelová, Lenka ; Špičáková, Hana ; Schneider, Jiří ; Kozumplíková, Alice ; Kotásková, Pavla ; Kupec, Petr ; Synková, Jana ; Hrůza, Petr ; Vyskot, Ilja
Stěžejním úkolem pro obnovení rovnováhy a revitalizaci území lesních ekosystémů je posouzení míry narušení sekundární hydrickou a lesní dopravní sítí a ekosystémová optimalizace vodního režimu, parametrizace cestních komunikací v synergii s vysokou polyfunkční efektivitou účinností lesních ekosystémů a jejich celospolečenských funkcí. Řešení projektu bylo věcně diferencováno mezi nositelem a spolunositelem projektu. Dílčí závěrečná zpráva dokumentuje rezultáty cílů ve zpracovatelské kompetenci spolunositele, Ústavu tvorby a ochrany krajiny Mendelovy zemědělské a lesnické univerzity v Brně. Specifikace cílů a adekvátních vědeckých metodických postupů byla směrována do reprezentativních modelových území, která tvoří záměrově charakteristická povodí Hučinky a Lesního potoka o rozloze cca 6 km čtverečních. Metodické postupy řešení jsou vyděleny do samostatných tvůrčích celků, specifikovaných pro hydriku území, lesní dopravní síť a celospolečenské funkce lesa. Návrhová část projektu podává věcná doporučení.
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The benefits of road network design in comprehensive land adjustment for anti-erosion protection
ŠILHA, Radek
The main aim of the work is to demonstrate that properly designed field paths within the comprehensive land adjustment may serve as an important anti-erosion element. The exploration area is the land area Plešovice in the district of Český Krumlov. The anti-erosion effect was studied at properly leaded roads. The road network was evaluated with respect to the condition before and after the comprehensive land adjustment. Firstly field paths that were indicated as anti-erosion ones in the joint facilities plan were located. Further 2 detailed field surveys were carried out in which information and photographs were collected. The partial aim is to determine the vulnerability of agricultural land by water erosion by means of the latest methodology called Protecting agricultural land from erosion, which was published in early 2012. The use of current value of rain erosion factor (R = 20), which today appears to be undervalued, is mainly reflected. At the end of the work technical parameters of field paths were determined so that they comply with the conditions of anti-erosion protection.
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The effect of delimitation of land on the reduction of sediment transport
HUMPÁL, David
This Bachelor´s Thesis deals with sediment denuding and with its possible reduction in the agricultural landscape by means of delimitation and other erosion control measures. The introductory part is devoted to general characteristics of the sediment, and indicates the amount of sediment in each element of hydrological network in the Czech Republic and in the world. The following two parts describe causes and consequences of higher concentration of sediment in the water environment. Factors affecting sediment denuding into surface waters and the description of these factors are determined in the following part. The last two parts, which are the most comprehensive, deal with means serving to reduction of sediment denuding in the agricultural landscape in term of erosion protection, and possibilities of delimitation application to limit sediment denuding. The aim of this work is to identify and describe protective measures, especially delimitation measures, which are used to reduce sediment denuding in the agricultural landscape, while pointing out the consequences that are caused by sediment in the water environment, coming mainly from poorly protected farmland.
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Erosion control solutions on the boundary river basins in different projects land adjustment
HAKL, Filip
Erosion is a natural life process. But man its activities and accelerating erosion phenomena that threatens one of the most valuable components of the environment - soil, which is difficult to make up for hundreds and thousands of years. The Czech Republic is threatened by water erosion over the third and wind erosion, about one-tenth of the local soil. When we add to the volume of soil that are occupied by new buildings, it turns out that the soil relatively quickly disappearing. This work deals with the calculation and solution of water erosion in the village Protivec, using the universal equation USLE, the modified equation MUSLE and CN curves method. The resulting values are compared with the values of a land adjustment project, landscaping and erosion control measures are proposed.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of common forms within the frame of comprehensive land adjustment
NAVRÁTILOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of my graduation thesis deals with problems of erosion and that is above all the water erosion which impends the pieces of arable lands almost on the half of the the Czech republic territory. That is why we should suggest convenient remedies that prevent the washing off the soil within the frame of comprehensive land adjustment. It will be assured one of the main objectives of the land adjustments by these remedies and it is the protection and fertilization of the soil fund. The work shows the summary of possible erosion protection remedies which are the part of the common plan that is integral element of the land adjustment project. The plan forms coming framework of the farming landscape structure and it is the form of scenic plan inside of the land adjustment. Therefore the land adjustments are the most significant instruments for the interest enforcement in the land formation and protection. There will be described the methods for an evaluation of erosion processes in my work where the selection depends on the purpose of the research. For the evaluation could be used empirical and simulation models. There will be used the most widespread empirical model in the world as well as in the Czech republic in this work and it is Wischmeier?s and Smith?s universal soil loss equation formulated in 1978 in the USA. For the application of this model was chosen cadastral land Slabčice in the South Bohemian region. There had been chosen the lands for the determination of the possible water erosion jeopardy after the research of the accessible information wher was made the calculation of the average long term soil loss of all explored lands. There will be propose erosion control remedies in the case of overrun of allowed soil loss by the water erosion which can have organizational, agricultural and technical type. The results obtained will be compared with comprehensive land adjustment Slabčice.
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Evaluation of a soil erosion in a project of KPU
HAŇKOVÁ, Kateřina
In the Czech Republic, about 50 per cent of agricultural land is affected by water erosion that adversely influences soil productivity and the environment. That´s why the goal of this work was an evaluation of soil erosion danger in an arbitrary area. And secondly, if high erosion danger found, there was a task to make a proposal of suitable erosion control measures. The chosen area is called Hosín, located northly close to České Budějovice. There were fifteen profiles found in the area which are most likely to be in a danger of increased water erosion. These fifteen profiles were proved by two different methods of soil erosion evaluation. The RUSLE method - revised universal soil loss equation, and SMODERP {--} a simulation model of overland flow and erosion processes. SMODERP method showed all the proved profiles beeing not in a high erosion danger. Which means no erosion control measures are needed. The result gained by the RUSLE method was: by more than one third of examined slopes the estimate average annual soil loss raises above the limits. In this case the erosion control measures are necessary. Four different possibilities were proposed, the final one was combination of two erosion control measures {--} mulching and using a vegetative stabilization while the soil is uncovered. This kind of control measure was found to be the best one because of its low financial costs and easy implementation. On the other hand this control measure doesn´t restrict the farmer´s choise of the crops kind to grow. An objective comparison of the different results gained of the two methods wasn´t possible because of different enter data.
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Universal meaning of growths the fast - growing poplars.
CHALOUPKA, Jiří
The aim of those thesis was an analysis of a off - producing function the fast - growing growths namely in the several standpoints. I deal with a prosecution of the fast - growing poplars in a theoretic part at first. Then I specifyed the three main functions the fast - growing timber species namely at an off - producing usage. It means a function ameliorative, sanitation, aesthetic, biological, produce and insulative here. Mostly I then attended to an water and windy erosion.
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