|
|
Towards a Safer Europe
Hokovský, Radko ; Winzen, Thomas ; Breitner, Igor ; Trautvetter, Daniel ; Vassilopoulos, Theodore ; Miccinilli, Máximo ; Riedel, Rafal ; Martinsm, Nuno Wahnon ; Ghazaryan, Sargis
This paper summarises the discussions and conclusions of Working Group 1 of the 2010 European Values Network. The Working Group met for a two-day workshop in Brussels in March and since then has engaged in research and debate online. During a second workshop from 8–12 May 2010 in Prague, the group met to evaluate and refine the conclusions presented below. Our starting point is the observation that engagement in democratic politics is in a dissatisfactory state. There are many symptoms of this including declining electoral participation and low trust in political institutions and the governing elite. But above all, political disengagement represents a certain view of politics, remote and inaccessible to ordinary citizens, benefitting only a select few rather than making collectively acceptable choices. Disengagement from democratic politics challenges the way we organise decision-making in our societies. It goes to the heart of one of the most cherished set of norms, enshrined in the legal and living constitutions of states in Europe and beyond. We were asked to analyse the phenomenon in greater depth and to develop recommendations that could contribute to greater and deeper engagement with democratic politics. Political disengagement is a complex phenomenon that varies across social groups and over time both in terms of its manifestations and its determinants. Therefore, we found it preferable to focus our discussions on a sub-set of the problem and its solution: young people and education. Predispositions for political engagement are developed and habitualised at an early stage of political participation. The way young people engage in politics is likely to shape, though not determine, patterns of political disengagement throughout their lives.1 We focus on education because the way individuals become acquainted with politics in school can be shaped more easily than other influences on the political engagement of youth. Our purpose, in sum, is to discuss how educational systems could contribute to greater political engagement of young people. Political engagement is a two-dimensional phenomenon including, but not confined to, formal participation such as voting. Formal participation is of critical importance if “democracy” is to be more than merely a fashionable term. On the other hand, engagement also refers to the critical awareness of public affairs among individuals. That is, their interest in matters of common concern and their ability to make critical, informed and conscious choices as to how they wish to position themselves in relation to such matters. Participation and critical awareness form two sides of the concept of political engagement. Our question, therefore, must be how the educational system may contribute to either of these two dimensions. We come to two main conclusions. On the one hand, we need more and better courses in civic education. Importantly, quantity itself is not sufficient but the style and substance of the classes has to be taken into account. On the other hand, we also draw attention to a strategy of animating civic education and call for more opportunities for young people to experience real-world politics.
Fulltext:  PDF
|
|
|
The risk of the Czech labor market: Woman in the role of worker and mother
Jílková, Monika ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Pícl, Michal (referee)
This thesis deals with the harmonization of family and professional life. Defines the Czech labor market risks for women with children. The aim of thesis is to research the current conditions affecting the status of women in the labor market and to propose measures to improve the status of women. The theoretical part will focus on the characteristics of the labor market risks. In the practical part, through an analysis of survey development opportunities for women in the labor market. The method of observation reveals shortcomings of the current family policy and the importance of the traditional concept of family. I evaluate the rationality of conduct of women and their perception of the human capital. Regression analysis finds if the level of education has an impact on women deciding when to start a family or how long to stay on maternity or parental leave. Comparison method compares labor market development in selected EU countries (Sweden, France) and the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
The effect of education on the duration of unemployment in Czech republic
Komrsová, Šárka ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pichaničová, Ludmila (referee)
The overal goal of this thesis is to analyze factors which determine the duration of unemployment in the current labor market in Czech Republic. The specific aim of the work is to analyze the relationship between reached level of education and the duration of unemployment in Czech Republic. According to the Chicago school theory of human capital is among people with higher education proved lower level of unemployment and more efficient search for free job possitions. Based on this theory, the work is aiming to test the hypothesis that the reached level of education actually affects the length of job rediscovery even in Czech Republic. I try to verify the hypothesis about the connection between the duration of unemployment and education level using data provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Specificaly, it is a quarterly data from the second quarter of 2009 to the forth quarter of 2011. In accordance with empirical studies it has been proved that better educated candidates experience shorter duration of an unemployment. The probability of having found a job possition within shorter period is rising with higher educational level. The basic hypothesis of the thesis has been confirmed. Secondly, it has also been found out, that the proportion of higher educated people registered on Labor Bureau decreases with longer period. On the reverse, the proportion of unemployed inhabitants with lower level of education is rising with longer period. As for the variable sex, men show shorter time needed to find a new job possition.
|
|
|
Influence of income on self-reported health, an example of the Czech Republic
Hájková, Eva ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
This paper examines the relationship between personal income of individual and his self-reported health on ISSP data for the Czech Republic from the year 2012, based on the absolute income hypothesis. It has been discovered that a higher income is associated with better SRH, but because of the inability to clearly identify the direction of causality, it is only correlated. Higher education is also connected with better SRH, whereas the increasing age of individual means worse SRH. No difference in health between Czech men and women was found. Long-term ilness, recent helath problems, BMI and healthy lifestyle are also factors significantly affecting the subjective health of individual.
|
|
|
Existuje spojení mezi specifickým židovským lidským kapitálem a sekulárními úspěchy Židů ve Spojených Státech?
Ritterová, Zuzana ; Minárik, Pavol (advisor) ; Hladík, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis shows, that higher incomes of American Jewish people are related to specific factors. The question is if there is some kind of specific human capital which influences Jewish incomes and if there is, how it differs from the common human capital. To find out the answer, the earnings of Jewish men and women and earnings of common Americans without connection to religion will be analyzed. Besides proving the importance and influence of education, other factors, which may increase or decrease the incomes, are also mentioned in the text. This thesis adds to the topic by including analyses of the qualitative data gained by the author; it thus should add to completeness of the research.
|
|
|
Health economics: What heals us and what kills us
Janovský, Stanislav ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Misic, Viktorija (referee)
This study deals with the health production function. It analyzes the impact of health care, socioeconomic, lifestyle and environmental factors on the mortality and life expectancy of the population of the Czech Republic. The analysis is made by linear regressions with time series data for the period from 1993 to 2011. Health care is measured by health care expenditures or by non-monetary indicators, the number of doctors and the consumption of pharmaceuticals. The results show that higher health care expenditures increase the mortality and reduce life expectancy. On the other hand higher number of doctors and higher consumption of pharmaceuticals improve the health status of the population. It may indicate inefficiency and corruption in health sector. Important factors that positively influence health are wealth, education and fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking affects health negatively. The results suggest that health care policy should focus not only on effective allocation of health care expenditures but also on lifestyle and socioeconomic status of the population. The limits of this work are short time series which don't allow the use of the lagged explanatory variables.
|
|
|
Human capital and willingness to invest in education
Kras, Jakub ; Bisová, Sára (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis describes the theory of human capital and education investments. The empirical analysis follows up the factors which influence the decision of the High school students in Teplice and Prague -- whether to study at university or not. The analysis is based on data, obtained by questionnaire survey, made in four types of high schools: the grammar school, the secondary technical school, the secondary health school and business academy. The main factors include the type of the secondary schools, the income of parents, study expenses, expected future salary and the income of parents, study expenses, expected future salary and the education of parents. The analysis has proven, that the students from Prague want to attend the university more than the students from Teplice. Significant factors for students from Teplice are the type of the high school, study expenses, the education of father while for the students from Prague are among the others important factors connected with the future salary and the education of mother.
|
|
| |
|
|
The Influence of Tertiary Education of Women in the Marriage Rate of the Czech Republic
Vostárková, Julie ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Matějka, Marek (referee)
The mission of this work is to prove the influence of the tertiary education of women in the marriage rate. This hypothesis is examined on data of the Czech Republic in the period 1993-2010. The regression analysis confirmed the existence of this influence. The primary education and also tertiary education both have positive influence. But tertiary education has a stronger effect in the marriage rate. The model also includes variables such as the unemployment of women, the number of illegitimate children, the premarital conception and the family payment.
|
|
|
Demographic factors of economic growth
Fabiánová, Jana ; Sixta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zbranek, Jaroslav (referee)
Development of the economic situation in recent years raises number of issues, including defining what are the factors of this development and whether it is possible to affect them. This thesis deals with the demographic factors of economic growth; those are factors associated with general population and factors which may have an impact on the country's economy. The main aim of this work is to precisely identify the demographic factor and analyze their development in the Czech Republic since the early 1990s to the present days. Furthermore, the economic development is analyzed along with the indicators of economic activity in sorting by various demographic factors. Special attention is given to the status of working foreigners within the labor market. To emphasize the specifics of the development of the various sectors of national economy the construction industry was selected as a case example. The analysis of the employment in the construction industry was conducted in regard to demographic and economic indicators. To illustrate the results of the analysis column, line and pie charts were used in addition to the figures in the tables.
|
guest ::
