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Evapotranspiration of peat soils
Urbánková, Karolína ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šípek, Václav (referee)
The correct determination of evapotranspiration is critical for the calculation of the water balance. Although research on evapotranspiration in general is already quite advanced, peat soils are so specific that they may require their own unique approach. Hydrologists have a series of calculations and models to determine evapotranspiration, but these are not always sufficiently accurate, especially at higher temperatures. The aim of this thesis was to summarise the existing knowledge of evapotranspiration in peat soils and to determine whether the peat layer thickness has an effect on peat evaporation. The thesis presents a survey of methods for determining evapotranspiration that can be applied to peat soils. The laboratory experiment used a split container, one part of which contained peat and the other part had peat only in the top 7 cm, with quartz sand underneath. The two parts were joined at the bottom with gravel and thus permeable to water. The trend of water loss, soil water potential and soil moisture was monitored. Preliminary results show that peat strength has a clear effect on evaporation. Further research would, among other things, look for a specific height of the peat layer for which the underlying material would no longer have an effect. Key words: evapotranspiration, peat,...
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Hodnocení výsledků portálu intersucho.cz externími zpravodaji
Balcárková, Lucie
Bachelor thesis Evaluation of the results of intersucho.cz by external reporters analyses data from an online questionnaire available on intersucho.cz, where external reporters subjectively assess by marks whether the water balance in the soil according to the SoilClim model corresponds with reality in their region - district. The comparison of the districts was made on the basis of established criteria - for districts with more than 100 assessments per year, the objectivity coefficient is calculated by which the 4 worst- performing and the 4 best-performing districts are selected on the basis of the annual evaluation. The development of the assessment is analysed in more detail in selected districts. Based on the analyses performed, no demonstrable change in the assessment of model outputs by external reporters has been observed since the introduction of the new version of the water balance model SoilClim II. However, the overall improvement in the assessment in the previous year, 2021, which is the best-performing year since the introduction of the questionnaire investigation, is demonstrable.
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Water regime of reclaimed and nonreclaimed heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kuráž, Václav (referee)
Summary: Great Podkrusnohorska spoil heaps in the Sokolov region in Western Bohemia is the largest spoil heaps in the Czech Republic, which was pour million tonnes of overburden soil surface mining of brown coal. The thesis is setting on the basic characteristics of the water regime and water balance of spoil heap soil and thus follows a series of previous works dealing with the comparative development of the reclaimed and unreclaimed area. The areas are long-term monitoring of soil moisture using a dielectric soil moisture meter total water regime was monitored by subsurface with gravitation lyzimeter, runoff and throughfall rainfall. Older unreclaimed plots as well as reclaimed plots have higher porosity, water field capacity and moistre than young sites, however there are limited by water deficiency in similatr way as young sites due to increase in wilting point. Keywords: Spoil heaps, Recultivation, Soil humidity, Water supply, Water balance
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The influence of precipitation on shallow mineral water abstraction
Hlaváčová, Michaela ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Procházka, Vladimír (referee)
This study focuses on the influence of precipitation on shallow catchments of mineral springs in the special area of Františkovy Lázně. The thesis was made on the basis of the data provided by the company Spa Františkovy Lázně a.s.. The interdependent relations between yield springs, precipitations, atmospheric pressure and the content of free CO2 were studied. These relations were observed onto six springs - František, Luční, Nový, Solný, Železnatý and Žofie. The precipitations were compared with the yield of individual springs. The season was proved by three springs (František, Železnatý and Žofie). Retention of the precipitation was determined for springs František, Solný, Železnatý and Žofie. Considering more than half a year delay, we cannot claim that the precipitations should have a major influence on the dotation of mineral springs. The downtrend was founded for the free CO2 in all researched resources. Significant indirect relation was found using the correlation coefficient between atmospheric pressure and free CO2.
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Moldan, Bedřich (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Water footprint of crops for biofuel production
Straka, Štěpán ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Rozman, David (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to apply a research study for the assessment of often- overlooked effects of growing crops used for the production of biofuels, according to their so- called water footprint. In the theoretical part, the thesis focuses on the definition of the concept of the water footprint, its history and the gradual development of people understanding the impact. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the issue of definitions and determination of water scarcity. The theoretical part concludes with basic information about biofuels, their division and a presentation of the most commonly used biofuels. The following chapters summarize the current state of biofuel production in the world and familiarize the reader with the issues this production causes. The main part of the thesis is the synthesis and processing of data regarding the water footprint of selected crops grown as a source of biofuels, comparison of the values with climate zones and evaluation of the suitability of the production of these crops concerning water resources. Keywords: water footprint, biofuels, maize, canola, sugarcane, oil palm
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Methodology of baseflow assessment
Patzeltová, Lucie ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Vencelides, Zbyněk (referee)
This thesis provides an overview of methods used for determining the baseflow as one of the essential components of Water balance. Knowledge of the baseflow is important for determining the size of natural groundwater resources, as it gives valuable information on the possibilities of their exploitation. The thesis provides an overview of the historical development of the methodology in this field. Selected methods are compared based on the difficulty of their application, data input requirements and the quality of outputs. Several case studies dealing with the application of selected procedures are presented. Furthermore, the Kamenice river basin is presented as a pilot area. Based on its natural conditions and the form of available data inputs from the Hřensko measurement profile, a suitable method for calculating the baseflow is chosen and applied.
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Water retention: water balance of a model area
Kalianková, Kateřina ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
Water retention in the landscape is a relatively broad topic and the are a number of measures that can be applied to achieve increased water retention. This thesis focuses on water reservoirs and nature- friendly measures in the form of revitalized watercourses. The aim of this work is based on a simplified calculation of the water balance in a model area to determine which of the retention measures is more appropriate for a given situation and conditions. The water balance is based mainly on the calculation of evapotranspiration using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. The first part of the work contains a review of water balance and factors that affect it. The work also deals with selected retention measures and their functions during drought and flood events. The second part contains the calculation of evapotranspiration, determination of water balance, and its evaluation. From the view of the evaporation values, the presented calculations show the deep water reservoirs to be the most advantageous, in which evaporation in the model area is the lowest from all presented situations. The work also points out the importance of evapotranspiration as an element of water balance and recommends determining it for the initial approximation of the local situation during the planning of retention measures....
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Development of the monitoring of forest health state under Life+ “FutMon” project in the Czech Republic: Data 2009 – 2011
Boháčová, Ludmila ; Lomský, Bohumír ; Šrámek, Vít ; Buriánek, V. ; Čapek, M. ; Fabiánek, P. ; Fadrhonsová, V. ; Hellebrandová, K. ; Lachmanová, Z. ; Novotný, R. ; Vortelová, L.
Systematic and periodical monitoring of forest health state in the Czech Republic (2009-2011).
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