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Grammatical Competence Development in a Child - Nouns
Hoffmanová, Judita ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the acquisition of grammatical categories of nouns (grammatical case, number, gender) in a child in the period of age ranging from two years and three months to two years and nine months. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part presents the principal personalities of psycholinguistics and theoretical approaches to learning a language. It defines the basic terminology, ontogenetic development of speech and the way of acquiring grammatical categories and particularities of constituent levels in the child speech. The other part is practical. Six 30-minute audio recordings of dialogues of an adult and a child were made in month-long intervals. The dialogues were transcribed by CHAT, that means by orthographic transcription. The transcripts were analysed in detail and the use as well as the development of grammatical noun categories, their function in a sentence and the occurrence of mini paradigms were studied. The monitored child used substantives as the most frequent part of speech from the very beginning, even if they were often accompanied by interjections in the first recording. All the cases were used at least once, but the most frequent ones were nominative and accusative cases. The analysis of grammatical number showed that the child used...
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Preventing defects of pronunciation by children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds
MRÁZKOVÁ, Iva
Bachelor thesis is focused on prevention of speech defects among to children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part introduces the reader with socially disadvantaged families, defines the basic concepts of communication, introduce them to the stages of development of children's speech and impaired communication abilities and focuses on dyslalia. Finally, readers familiar with the possibilities of preventing defects of pronunciation. The goal of the practical part is a compilation articulation and breathing exercises for daily work of teachers in the kindergarten and thus show her how to work with children from socially disadvantaged environment, so as to prevent defects pronunciation. The survey is carried out qualitatively, by participating unstructured observation and completed worksheets.
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