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Height Measurement in Digital Image
Olejár, Adam ; Přinosil, Jiří (referee) ; Říha, Kamil (advisor)
The aim of this paper is a summary of the theory necessary for a modification, detection of person and the height calculation of the detected person in the image. These information were then used for implementation of the algoritm. The first half reveals teoretical problems and solutions. Shows the basic methods of image preprocessing and discusses the basic concepts of plane and projective geometry and transformations. Then describes the distortion, that brings into the picture imperfections of optical systems of cameras and the possibilities of removing them. Explains HOG algorithm and the actual method of calculating height of person detected in the image. The second half describes algoritm structure and statistical evaluation.
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Lower limb proportions and energetic cost of locomotion in Upper Pleistocene humans
Hora, Martin ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jelen, Karel (referee) ; Jandačka, Daniel (referee)
Previous studies proposed that Neandertals had one third higher energetic cost of locomotion than anatomically modern humans. Greater cost of locomotion could disadvantage Neandertals in competition with anatomically modern humans and could be a factor in their extinction. Greater cost of Neandertal locomotion was ascribed to their shorter lower limb and greater body mass. However, Neandertals differed also in other morphological parameters that were not considered in estimation of their locomotor cost. In this dissertation we model locomotor cost of Neandertals and anatomically modern humans using previously described relation between muscle force production and energetic cost of movement. We estimate the key locomotor parameters using a model developed by us from osteometric data from literature (n =50) and from our measurement (n = 21), and from kinematic data of 26 individuals. Further, we analyze the effect of relative lower limb length (in relation to body mass) and crural index on energetic cost of locomotion. Our results suggest that walking of Neandertal males was 9-14% energetically more demanding than walking of anatomically modern males. Nevertheless, the walking cost of Neandertal females was similar to that of anatomically modern females. Inclusion of lower limb proportions into the...
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Hominin evolutionary development to the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in relation to body height
Garciová, Rosana ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hoffmannová, Eva (referee)
Body height is the main characteristic of human. It can be variable to the relation to the environment. Development of the height is primarily determined genetically, but an environment has a partly influence. An evolutionary view is very important, especially in the identification of fossils at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary and the overal view on individual development to 2.5 million years ago and characteristics of our ancestor. This bachelor thesis summarized the methods how to estimate the most accurate body height of fossil Homo and compares individuals between them. It also focuses on the geographic area of genus Homo not only on the period and if there is a correlation with increase or decrease in the height of an individual. The main finding of this work is diversity within species Homo. Homo habilis had reached the height of range 120-155 cm. In contrast, Homo ergaster measured up to about 170 cm. While Australopithecines were lower growth. Australopithecus were tall on average around 114 cm and Paranthropus exceeded them at range 10 cm. Slight differences in body height can be seen in the context of sexual dimorphism. The climate in Plio-Pleistocene had no influence on the change in height. Rather, the geographic area of occurrence of our ancestor played a role here. Key words:...
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Sexual size dimorphism in medieval period in Bohemia.
Kaupová, Sylva ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
Differences in height among human populations or changes in height over time may be associated with different degrees of sexual dimorphism in this feature. This thesis compared the height and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) between two groups of the population of Medieval Bohemia - rural residents and inhabitants of Prague. A sample of 179 adult skeletons from five Prague sites and 175 individuals from four rural sites, dating from the 11th to 14th century, was used. Sex was determined following the principle of primary and secondary sex diagnosis, which enabled the derivation of population-specific discriminant functions using the dimensions of the humerus, femur, tibia and talus. A subsequent analysis of body height did not show statistically significant differences either in height or in SSD between the Prague and the rural part of the population of Medieval Bohemia, despite the major changes which Czech Medieval society went through in the 13th century. Comparing our results with previously published data on the height of the Czech population during the early modern period indicates a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism in the population of the17th century, particularly associated with a decrease in the height of men. A significantly higher stature of...
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Height Measurement in Digital Image
Olejár, Adam ; Přinosil, Jiří (referee) ; Říha, Kamil (advisor)
The aim of this paper is a summary of the theory necessary for a modification, detection of person and the height calculation of the detected person in the image. These information were then used for implementation of the algoritm. The first half reveals teoretical problems and solutions. Shows the basic methods of image preprocessing and discusses the basic concepts of plane and projective geometry and transformations. Then describes the distortion, that brings into the picture imperfections of optical systems of cameras and the possibilities of removing them. Explains HOG algorithm and the actual method of calculating height of person detected in the image. The second half describes algoritm structure and statistical evaluation.
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