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The Libraries and Reader's Reception in the Early Humanism Period in Bohemia
Neškudla, Bořek ; Voit, Petr (advisor) ; Ryantová, Marie (referee) ; Hlaváček, Ivan (referee)
The dissertation looks into the book culture, book production and readership in the kingdom of Bohemia in early humanism. It explores the conditions of rise and reception of book printing in the kingdom of Bohemia. The mind-set of the Utraquist society, resistant to the influence from abroad, international isolation of the Utraquist Bohemia and the previous insignificant manuscript production proved to be the factors which failed to encourage the arrival of book printing in the country. The initial advancement of book printing was hesitant and could not to keep up with the more developed trade abroad. The Czech printing production related to the efforts of reformation to further enhance the moral status of the society soon turned to disseminating literature in the vernacular, yet often they were translated literature. The early Czech printed production however was affected by low quality and quantity of prints and was not of the significance declared by the previous generations of researchers. Personalities of the Catholic society were more inclusive about new ideas from abroad. In the contemporary society the Catholics were therefore the first ones to embrace book printing and also they were quicker in reception of humanism. The early humanist literature in Bohemia is related to the personality of...
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Aleš Holický of Šternberk. Nobleman and politician of the post Lipany period
Koula, Vít ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Zilynská, Blanka (referee)
In my thesis I deal with Aleš Holický, a significant representative of the Šternberk clan, in the post Lipany period. On the basis of sources, I am trying to chart especially his political programme, its creation and the fulfilment of the goal he was pursuing. I follow up his political orientation after the conversion to the chalice in the beginning of 1430s and try to describe the basis of his rise including the influence of the political groups which he was a member of. In this context, I explain Aleš's role in Ptáček's and Poděbrad's party and his interest in formulation and enforcement of their demands. On the basis of the evidence collected, Aleš's contribution not just to Czech utraquism, Ptáček's party, Poděbrad's party (later Poděbrad's league), in which he acted, as well as for the whole country is evaluated at the end. Thus, I am trying to revise some conclusions of older historiography in which Aleš's influence in the parties he belonged to as well as his independent negotiations have been underestimated. In Aleš's persistent, purposeful activity and merits I can see the substantiation of his inclusion among the significant personalities of Czech history and politics of the 1430s - 1450s. In my thesis, I am following up both Aleš's political programme and his relations to his allies and...
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Německý Brod Gradual by Paul of Mělník from 1506
Blechová, Světlana ; Kubík, Viktor (advisor) ; Zapletalová, Jana (referee)
The presented dissertation thesis called " Německý Brod graduale by Paul Melnik in 1506" is bound to my bachelor thesis, which also dealt with manuscript from the Paul of Melnik's workshop. The introduction of the thesis summarizes the already existing literature on the topic (Chap. 1). Then the following chapters are focused on the illuminator of the studied graduale (Chap. 2.1); they are also engaged in the questionable issues of provenance and dating the graduale, which is allegedly dated in 1506, however, the illumination contained in it rather refers to the graphic analogy (ies) of A. Dürer, which was (were) issued not earlier than in 1511 (Chap. 2.2). The thesis also includes a chapter which is dedicated to the donator of the manuscript (Chap. 3.1). Moreover, there are emphasized problems of literary fraternity and art of Utraquism in Bohemia as well (Chap. 3.3). The chapter 3.2 tries to summarize the works of the illuminator Paul of Melnik, and also to describe his artistic character. The last chapters are devoted to the decoration of the graduale and to possible analogies within the illuminations (Chap. 4).
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Gradual Paul of Melnik from 1530
Blechová, Světlana ; Kubík, Viktor (advisor) ; Ottová, Michaela (referee)
Bachelor thesis called " Louny Gradual by Paul Melnik in 1530" first summarizes the existing literature on the topic, which occurs soon after the half of the 19th century (Chapter 1). The names of the purchaser and illuminator of the Louny Gradual are documented in the first part of the Gradual's explicit (IG 8, f. 427v). The explicit also includes the date and provenance of the Louny Gradual, which was completed in 1530 for Utraquist literary fraternity at St. Nicholas'Church in Louny (Chapter 2.4). The Louny Gradual belongs among the last written Latin Utraquist choral books. It contains one of the largest collections of Kyrie and Sequences. Paintings in both parts Gradual (IG 8a, b) are in the academic literature considered the decline in artistic standards. However, the nearly intact Louny Gradual characterizes the spectacular color components and efforts to adopt new ideas from the west, mainly represented by M. Schongauer's and Dürer's prints.
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Iconography of the Czech written Utraquist graduals
Šárovcová, Martina ; Homolka, Jaromír (advisor) ; Royt, Jan (referee) ; Holeton, David Ralph (referee)
Iconography of the Czech written Utraquist graduals Abstract: My doctoral thesis is devoted to the iconographic problems of painting decorations of a specific type of liturgical manuscripts. The subject of my doctoral thesis are illuminated chant books (graduals) with Czech texts of Gregorian chant, which originated in the 16th century for the needs of utraquist Confraternities of Litterati. The iconography of illuminations is interpreted with regards to their liturgical and codicological context within single part of the gradual. In the text, I especially accentuate the topics and motives from the whole complex of the themes which deserve attention and which newly appear in the structure of painting decorations or it is possible to interpret them in connection with the haecceity of the (utraquist) iconography and confessional identity. Heuristic compilation of illuminated utraquist chant books, which is the part of the structured catalogue, and interpretation of their iconography, represents the first elaboration which is fundamental to successive study dealing with iconography of single subjects, illustrations of particular saints and patron saints of places and specificity of the utraquist and catholic iconography in the epoch before the battle of White Mountain in Bohemia. My thesis, with regards to...
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John Wyclif, Jan Hus and Martin Luther as apocalyptic prophets
Šárovcová, Martina
Illuminated music manuscripts created in 16th century Bohemia and Moravia for Utraquist literary brotherhoods represent a relatively rich collection of artefacts from the period before the Battle of White Mountain. The commonly illuminated incipits of these manuscripts also included introits dedicated to the feast of the Bohemian martyrs Jan Hus and Jerome of Prague. Several illuminations dating from the third quarter of the 16th century represent a richly documented iconography of Jan Hus. The first volume of the "Lesser Town Gradual" from the years 1569-1572 (Prague, National Library, sign. XVII A 3) also belongs to these manuscripts, due to its arrangement and selection of topics. Depicted in its bordure is John Wyclif striking a spark, Jan Hus lighting a candle with a twig and Martin Luther with a shining torch. With regard to the other lesser known literary and visual variants of the motifs of kindling light, the topic is interpreted in accordance with the interpretation of biblical verses in Chapter 11 of the New Testament´s Apocalypse about the calling of two witnesses and prophets at the beginning of the end of the world (The Book of Revelations 11, 3-4). The figures of John Wyclif, Jan Hus and Martin Luther can be interpreted in eschatological contexts of awaiting the second advent of Christ as apocalyptic prophets called by God and witnesses to the (Evangelical) truth who are bringing light to the darkness of the last time.
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Jan Hus, the Hussite movement and Eastern Bohemia. Conference papers
Frolík, Jan
Articles summarize the historical development during the Hussite movement in Eastern Bohemia and archaeological evidence of life in Chrudim and in Chrudim region during the 14th and 15th centuries. The development of opinions on Jan Hus and the Hussite movement during the 19th century is described. The celebration activities of Jan Hus and his monuments are mentioned, too.
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